diff --git a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/CMakeLists.txt b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/CMakeLists.txt
index 44f27630d..effa7dcc2 100644
--- a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -491,9 +491,26 @@ add_custom_command(
         VERBATIM
 )
 
+foreach(agcTriangleStage IN ITEMS vert frag)
+    set(agcTriangleSource ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/shaders/Triangle.${agcTriangleStage})
+    set(agcTriangleSpv ${agcTestShaderGeneratedRoot}/Triangle_${agcTriangleStage}.spv)
+    set(agcTriangleHeader ${agcTestShaderGeneratedRoot}/Triangle_${agcTriangleStage}_spv.h)
+    add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT "${agcTriangleHeader}"
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${agcTestShaderGeneratedRoot}"
+            COMMAND "$<TARGET_FILE:glslang-standalone>" -V --target-env vulkan1.1 -o "${agcTriangleSpv}" "${agcTriangleSource}"
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DINPUT=${agcTriangleSpv} -DOUTPUT=${agcTriangleHeader}
+            -DSYMBOL=TRIANGLE_${agcTriangleStage}_SPV -P "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/embed_spirv.cmake"
+            DEPENDS "${agcTriangleSource}" glslang-standalone
+            VERBATIM
+    )
+    list(APPEND agcTriangleHeaders "${agcTriangleHeader}")
+endforeach()
+
 add_test_executable(agc_driver_recorder_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
         tests/Recorder.cpp
         tests/ResidentPresent.cpp
+        ${agcTriangleHeaders}
         ${agcSampleLodShaderHeader}
         ${agcSampleArrayShaderHeader}
 )
@@ -514,6 +531,14 @@ target_link_libraries(agc_driver_recorder_tests PRIVATE
 
 set_target_properties(agc_driver_recorder_tests PROPERTIES CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 configure_windows_unwind(agc_driver_recorder_tests)
+if(BUILD_TESTING)
+    set_target_properties(agc_driver_recorder_tests PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL OFF)
+    add_test(NAME agc_pipeline_cache COMMAND agc_driver_recorder_tests --pipeline-cache-only)
+    if(WIN32)
+        set_tests_properties(agc_pipeline_cache PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENT_MODIFICATION
+            "PATH=path_list_prepend:$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:libc>")
+    endif()
+endif()
 
 add_test_executable(agc_recorder_kept_bytes_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL tests/RecorderKeptBytes.cpp)
 target_include_directories(agc_recorder_kept_bytes_tests PRIVATE ${LIBS_INCLUDE_DIR} ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/core/shader/recompiler ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/Vulkan-Headers/include)
diff --git a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/src/Pipeline.cpp b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/src/Pipeline.cpp
index 5cdd8fa57..3cd41ef7d 100644
--- a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/src/Pipeline.cpp
+++ b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/src/Pipeline.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
@@ -371,16 +372,19 @@ void append(std::vector<std::byte>& key, const TValue& value) {
 // (the recompiler could not identify it, so nothing else may share its pipeline). The rect-list
 // control and evaluation stages are generated from the vertex and fragment results, which the key
 // already names, so they carry no id of their own.
-std::vector<std::byte> pipelineKey(const Context& context, const State& state, const VertexInputLayout& input, const ShaderResources& resources, std::span<const CompiledShader> shaders, VkImageLayout attachmentLayout) {
+void pipelineKey(std::vector<std::byte>& key, const Context& context, const State& state, const VertexInputLayout& input, const ShaderResources& resources, std::span<const CompiledShader> shaders, VkImageLayout attachmentLayout) {
     using Stage = ShaderRecompiler::ShaderStage;
-    std::vector<std::byte> key;
+    key.clear();
     append(key, context.device);
     append(key, attachmentLayout);
     append(key, shaders.size());
     for (const auto& shader : shaders) {
         Require(shader.program != nullptr, "missing compiled shader");
         const bool generated = state.rectList && (shader.stage == Stage::TessellationControl || shader.stage == Stage::TessellationEvaluation);
-        if (!generated && shader.program->PipelineVariantId() == 0) return {};
+        if (!generated && shader.program->PipelineVariantId() == 0) {
+            key.clear();
+            return;
+        }
         append(key, shader.stage);
         append(key, generated ? std::uint64_t{0} : shader.program->PipelineVariantId());
         // Where the stage's push constants sit in the block (AssemblePushConstants).
@@ -452,16 +456,10 @@ std::vector<std::byte> pipelineKey(const Context& context, const State& state, c
         append(key, tessellation.partitioning);
         append(key, tessellation.outputTopology);
     }
-    return key;
 }
 
 std::uint64_t hashKey(const std::vector<std::byte>& key) {
-    std::uint64_t hash = 14695981039346656037ull;
-    for (const auto byte : key) {
-        hash ^= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(byte);
-        hash *= 1099511628211ull;
-    }
-    return hash;
+    return std::hash<std::string_view>{}(std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(key.data()), key.size()));
 }
 
 struct PipelineStore {
@@ -475,6 +473,7 @@ struct PipelineStore {
         std::shared_ptr<Pipeline> pipeline;
     };
     std::mutex mutex;
+    std::vector<std::byte> scratchKey;
     // Least recently used first.
     std::list<Entry> entries;
     std::unordered_map<std::uint64_t, std::list<Entry>::iterator> index;
@@ -526,7 +525,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<Pipeline> CachedPipeline(const Context& context, const State& st
     auto& store = Pipelines();
     std::lock_guard lock(store.mutex);
     reportPipelines(store);
-    const auto key = pipelineKey(context, state, vertexInput, resources, shaders, attachmentLayout);
+    auto& key = store.scratchKey;
+    pipelineKey(key, context, state, vertexInput, resources, shaders, attachmentLayout);
     if (key.empty()) {
         ++store.uncached;
         return std::make_shared<Pipeline>(context, state, vertexInput, resources, shaders, attachmentLayout);
diff --git a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/tests/Recorder.cpp b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/tests/Recorder.cpp
index 33b372100..ddd72d4e4 100644
--- a/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/tests/Recorder.cpp
+++ b/core/libs/prx/libSceAgcDriver/tests/Recorder.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+#include "Triangle_frag_spv.h"
+#include "Triangle_vert_spv.h"
+#include "prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/include/VertexInput.hpp"
+#include "prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/include/Pipeline.hpp"
 #include "prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/include/Recorder.hpp"
 #include "prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/include/Draw.hpp"
 #include "prx/libSceAgcDriver/Graphics/include/DccMetadata.hpp"
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -2901,6 +2906,71 @@ void atomicViewTests(const Device& device, Recorder& recorder) {
     }
 }
 
+void pipelineCacheTests(const Device& device, bool benchmark) {
+    std::thread establishThreadedProcess([] {});
+    establishThreadedProcess.join();
+    std::lock_guard gpu(GpuMutex());
+    const auto& context = device.GetContext();
+    struct Cleanup {
+        VkDevice device;
+        ~Cleanup() { ClearCachedPipelines(device); }
+    } cleanup{context.device};
+    ShaderRecompiler::RecompileResult vertex, fragment;
+    vertex.variantId = 1;
+    fragment.variantId = 2;
+    vertex.spirv = std::vector<std::uint32_t>(std::begin(TRIANGLE_vert_SPV), std::end(TRIANGLE_vert_SPV));
+    fragment.spirv = std::vector<std::uint32_t>(std::begin(TRIANGLE_frag_SPV), std::end(TRIANGLE_frag_SPV));
+    const std::array shaders{CompiledShader{ShaderRecompiler::ShaderStage::Vertex, &vertex, 0}, CompiledShader{ShaderRecompiler::ShaderStage::Fragment, &fragment, 0}};
+    State state{};
+    state.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+    state.hasColorTarget = true;
+    state.color.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    state.colors.push_back(state.color);
+    state.blend.colorWriteMask = 15;
+    state.blends.push_back(state.blend);
+    ShaderResources resources(context, shaders, state.color, 0, 0);
+    const auto lookup = [&](const VertexInputLayout& input) {
+        return CachedPipeline(context, state, input, resources, shaders, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
+    };
+    VertexInputLayout input;
+    const auto first = lookup(input);
+    Require(lookup(input) == first, "pipeline cache did not retain an identical key");
+    state.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
+    Require(lookup(input) != first, "pipeline cache ignored changed raster state");
+    state.cullMode = 0;
+    for (const auto attributes : {0u, 8u, 32u}) {
+        Require(attributes <= context.limits.maxVertexInputBindings && attributes <= context.limits.maxVertexInputAttributes, "pipeline cache fixture exceeds vertex input limits");
+        input.bindings.clear();
+        input.attributes.clear();
+        for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < attributes; ++i) {
+            input.bindings.push_back({i, 16, VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX});
+            input.attributes.push_back({i, i, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT, 0});
+        }
+        const auto expected = lookup(input);
+        if (attributes != 0) Require(expected != first, "pipeline cache ignored changed vertex input");
+        Require(lookup(input) == expected, "pipeline cache lost the larger key");
+        if (!benchmark) continue;
+        std::array<double, 9> times;
+        for (unsigned pass = 0; pass <= times.size(); ++pass) {
+            const auto started = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < 65536; ++i) Require(lookup(input) == expected, "pipeline cache benchmark missed a warmed key");
+            if (pass != 0) times[pass - 1] = std::chrono::duration<double, std::micro>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - started).count() / 65536;
+        }
+        std::ranges::sort(times);
+        std::cout << "Pipeline cache " << attributes << " attributes: median " << times[4] << " us/lookup, p95 pass " << times.back() << " us\n";
+    }
+    input = {};
+    Require(lookup(input) == first, "pipeline cache retained bytes from a larger key");
+    vertex.variantId = 0;
+    const auto unidentified = lookup(input);
+    Require(lookup(input) != unidentified, "pipeline cache retained an unidentified shader");
+    vertex.variantId = 1;
+    Require(lookup(input) == first, "an unidentified shader disturbed the retained pipeline");
+    ClearCachedPipelines(context.device);
+    Require(lookup(input) != first, "clearing the pipeline cache retained its old entry");
+    std::cout << "Pipeline cache key and retained lifetime tests passed\n";
+}
+
 void keysFillTests(const Device& device, Recorder& recorder) {
     const auto& base = device.GetContext();
     if (base.hostImportAlignment == 0) {
@@ -3020,6 +3090,11 @@ void keysFillTests(const Device& device, Recorder& recorder) {
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     try {
         Device device;
+        if (argc == 2 && (std::string_view(argv[1]) == "--benchmark-pipeline-cache" || std::string_view(argv[1]) == "--pipeline-cache-only")) {
+            pipelineCacheTests(device, std::string_view(argv[1]) == "--benchmark-pipeline-cache");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         std::lock_guard gpu(GpuMutex());
         std::cout << "host imports " << (PrepareImportWatch(device.GetContext()) == ImportWatch::Unwatch ? "are compared" : "stay watched") << '\n';
         Recorder recorder(device.GetContext());