diff --git a/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md b/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
index 539c330ad..ccca4d12f 100644
--- a/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
+++ b/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
@@ -221,3 +221,8 @@ paired, ambiguous, and unpaired IPC, validation candidates, utility processes,
 and native binding requests. These fixtures establish parser and artifact-reader
 claims; they do not replace the later operator-supplied real-application
 benchmark.
+
+URI schemes are classified independently of local file names: a reference such
+as `web3:app.js` remains external even when an artifact has that literal name.
+Scheme characters may include digits after the initial letter; a relative path
+such as `./web3:app.js` still names a local artifact.
diff --git a/src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.test.ts b/src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.test.ts
index 5223926e8..0653ac8f7 100644
--- a/src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.test.ts
+++ b/src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,42 @@ import { artifactLocalIdentity } from "./JavaScriptArtifactGraphContext.js";
 import { applicationNodeIdentitySchema } from "../../domain/javascript/javascriptApplicationEvidenceSchemas.js";
 import { analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource } from "../../domain/javascript/javascriptStaticAnalysis.js";
 
+describe("artifact URI scheme classification", () => {
+  it.each(["html-reference", "module-specifier", "url-reference"] as const)(
+    "keeps digit-bearing schemes external in %s even when a local file matches",
+    (context) => {
+      const files = fileMap([
+        file("index.html", "root"),
+        file("web3:app.js", "root"),
+      ]);
+      expect(
+        resolve({
+          declaredPath: "web3:app.js",
+          sourcePath: "index.html",
+          context,
+          files,
+        }),
+      ).toMatchObject({ resolution_status: "external", resolved_path: null });
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("keeps references under a digit-bearing external base href external", () => {
+    const files = fileMap([
+      file("index.html", "root"),
+      file("web3:assets/app.js", "root"),
+    ]);
+    expect(
+      resolve({
+        declaredPath: "app.js",
+        sourcePath: "index.html",
+        context: "html-reference",
+        htmlBaseHref: "web3:assets/",
+        files,
+      }),
+    ).toMatchObject({ resolution_status: "external", resolved_path: null });
+  });
+});
+
 describe("artifact-local graph identity", () => {
   it("preserves complete long namespace and key values", () => {
     const digest = "a".repeat(64);
diff --git a/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.test.ts b/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.test.ts
index 7a31567ae..50eb86c4d 100644
--- a/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.test.ts
+++ b/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ describe("artifact path syntax", () => {
     expect(hasScheme("https://example.test/app.js")).toBe(true);
     expect(hasScheme("file:///app.js")).toBe(true);
     expect(hasScheme("node:fs")).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasScheme("web3:app.js")).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasScheme("h323:user@example.test")).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasScheme("x1+custom.v2-test:asset")).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasScheme("3web:app.js")).toBe(false);
+    expect(hasScheme("./web3:app.js")).toBe(false);
     expect(hasScheme("./relative.js")).toBe(false);
     expect(hasScheme("/absolute.js")).toBe(false);
     expect(hasScheme("app.js")).toBe(false);
diff --git a/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.ts b/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.ts
index 46666dcfb..382856a4c 100644
--- a/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.ts
+++ b/src/domain/artifactPathSyntax.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 /** Whether a reference carries a URI scheme (`https:`, `file:`, …). */
 export const hasScheme = (value: string): boolean =>
-  /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z+.-]*:/u.test(value);
+  /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+.-]*:/u.test(value);
 
 /** Whether a reference is scheme-qualified or protocol-relative. */
 export const looksExternal = (value: string): boolean =>