fix(javascript): resolve package exports targets only to the exact file (#1181)

A selected package exports target names one file, and Node tries no
extension or directory index for it. REA still resolved it like a relative
specifier, so `exports: "./file"` with only `file.js` present, or
`"./folder"` with only `folder/index.js`, reported a resolved import that
Node rejects under both import and require.

Resolve an exports target only to its exact file and otherwise report
not-found with a limitation naming the target. Legacy main entries keep
their extension and index fallbacks.

Fixes #1174

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.test.ts

@@ -391,6 +391,68 @@ describe("generic package entry heuristics", () => {
   );
 });
 
+describe("package exports exact targets", () => {
+  it.each([
+    ["./file", "app/node_modules/fixture/file.js"],
+    ["./folder", "app/node_modules/fixture/folder/index.js"],
+  ])(
+    "resolves exports target %s only to that exact file",
+    (target, nearMiss) => {
+      const files = fileMap([
+        file("app/consumer.js", "root"),
+        file(
+          "app/node_modules/fixture/package.json",
+          "root",
+          JSON.stringify({ exports: target }),
+        ),
+        file(nearMiss, "root"),
+      ]);
+      for (const moduleKind of ["import", "require"] as const) {
+        const resolution = resolve({
+          declaredPath: "fixture",
+          sourcePath: "app/consumer.js",
+          context: "module-specifier",
+          moduleKind,
+          files,
+        });
+        expect(resolution).toMatchObject({
+          resolution_status: "not-found",
+          resolved_path: null,
+        });
+        expect(resolution.limitations.join(" ")).toContain(
+          "exports targets are exact files",
+        );
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("keeps extension and index fallbacks for a legacy main entry", () => {
+    for (const [main, target] of [
+      ["./file", "app/node_modules/fixture/file.js"],
+      ["./folder", "app/node_modules/fixture/folder/index.js"],
+    ] as const) {
+      const files = fileMap([
+        file("app/consumer.js", "root"),
+        file(
+          "app/node_modules/fixture/package.json",
+          "root",
+          JSON.stringify({ main }),
+        ),
+        file(target, "root"),
+      ]);
+      expect(
+        resolve({
+          declaredPath: "fixture",
+          sourcePath: "app/consumer.js",
+          context: "module-specifier",
+          moduleKind: "require",
+          files,
+        }),
+      ).toMatchObject({ resolution_status: "resolved", resolved_path: target });
+    }
+  });
+});
+
 describe("directory package entrypoint precedence", () => {
   it.each([
     ["require", '{"main":"actual.cjs"}', "actual.cjs"],

src/application/javascript/JavaScriptArtifactPathResolution.ts

@@ -105,8 +105,11 @@ const resolvePackagePath = (
         ],
       },
     );
-  const resolved =
-    mode === "files-and-index"
+  // An exports target names one exact file; Node tries no extension or index.
+  const resolved = exportsTargetUrl
+    ? (resolveFileCandidates(input, [confined]) ??
+      exactExportsTargetNotFound(confined))
+    : mode === "files-and-index"
       ? (resolveFileCandidates(input, [
           ...fileCandidates(confined),
           ...indexCandidates(confined),
@@ -619,6 +622,14 @@ const notFoundCandidate = (): CandidateResolution => ({
   ],
 });
 
+const exactExportsTargetNotFound = (path: string): CandidateResolution => ({
+  resolvedPath: null,
+  status: "not-found",
+  limitations: [
+    `The selected package exports target ${path} does not exist in the inventoried artifact container; exports targets are exact files, so no extension or directory index was tried.`,
+  ],
+});
+
 const fileUrlPath = (value: string): string | undefined => {
   if (!value.startsWith("file://")) return undefined;
   try {

tests/boundary/filesystem/javascriptPackageExportTargets.test.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,18 @@ const cases: readonly {
     nodeError: "ERR_INVALID_PACKAGE_TARGET",
     rejectedTarget: "./../outside.cjs",
   },
+  {
+    name: "extensionless target is not completed with an extension",
+    exports: "./actual",
+    expected: null,
+    nodeError: "MODULE_NOT_FOUND",
+  },
+  {
+    // Node reports ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT for import, MODULE_NOT_FOUND for require.
+    name: "directory target does not load its index",
+    exports: "./folder",
+    expected: null,
+  },
   {
     name: "top-level array skips an invalid target",
     exports: ["./../outside.cjs", "./actual.cjs"],
@@ -166,6 +178,7 @@ it.each(
           "node_modules/fixture/node_modules/actual.cjs",
           "node_modules/fixture/node_modules.cjs",
           "node_modules/fixture/literal%2e.cjs",
+          "node_modules/fixture/folder/index.js",
         ].map((path) => [path, `module.exports = ${JSON.stringify(path)};`]),
       ),
     };