diff --git a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.ts b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.ts
index a4a153597..b11d64af2 100644
--- a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.ts
+++ b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import * as t from "@babel/types";
+import { traverseJavaScriptAst } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 
 import { BUILTIN_RESOURCE_METHODS } from "./javascriptBuiltinResourceMethods.js";
 import type { JavaScriptModuleOrigin } from "./javascriptSemanticIr.js";
@@ -61,109 +62,105 @@ const writesModuleRequire = (
       binding.initializers.every(({ node: init }) => isModuleObject(init, next))
     );
   };
-  const pending: t.Node[] = [state.program];
-  while (pending.length > 0) {
-    const node = pending.pop();
-    if (node === undefined) break;
-    const target = t.isAssignmentExpression(node)
-      ? node.left
-      : t.isUpdateExpression(node) ||
-          t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "delete" })
-        ? node.argument
-        : undefined;
-    if (target !== undefined) {
-      const members: string[] = [];
-      let root: t.Node = target;
-      while (t.isMemberExpression(root) || t.isOptionalMemberExpression(root)) {
-        const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(root.property, root.computed);
-        if (key === null) break;
-        members.unshift(key);
-        root = root.object;
-      }
-      if (
-        members.length === 1 &&
-        members[0] === "require" &&
-        isModuleObject(root)
-      )
-        writes.push(node);
-      else if (
-        members.length === 0 &&
-        (t.isMemberExpression(target) ||
-          t.isOptionalMemberExpression(target)) &&
-        target.computed &&
-        semanticStaticPropertyKey(target.property, true) === null &&
-        isModuleObject(target.object)
-      )
-        // An unknown computed key may be "require"; retain uncertainty rather
-        // than treating this direct delegate write as a proven unrelated slot.
-        writes.push(node);
-    }
-    if (t.isCallExpression(node) || t.isOptionalCallExpression(node)) {
-      const invocation = interop.intrinsicInvocation(node);
-      const owner =
-        invocation?.path?.length === 3 ? invocation.path[1] : undefined;
-      const method = invocation?.path?.at(-1);
-      const args = invocation?.arguments;
-      if (
-        (owner === "Object" || owner === "Reflect") &&
-        method === "defineProperty" &&
-        isModuleObject(args?.[0] ?? t.nullLiteral())
-      ) {
-        const key = interop.staticString(args?.[1]);
-        if (key === "require" || key === undefined) writes.push(node);
-      } else if (
-        owner === "Object" &&
-        method === "defineProperties" &&
-        isModuleObject(args?.[0] ?? t.nullLiteral())
-      ) {
-        const descriptors = args?.[1];
+  traverseJavaScriptAst(state.program, {
+    enter: (node) => {
+      const target = t.isAssignmentExpression(node)
+        ? node.left
+        : t.isUpdateExpression(node) ||
+            t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "delete" })
+          ? node.argument
+          : undefined;
+      if (target !== undefined) {
+        const members: string[] = [];
+        let root: t.Node = target;
+        while (
+          t.isMemberExpression(root) ||
+          t.isOptionalMemberExpression(root)
+        ) {
+          const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(root.property, root.computed);
+          if (key === null) break;
+          members.unshift(key);
+          root = root.object;
+        }
         if (
-          !t.isObjectExpression(descriptors) ||
-          descriptors.properties.some(
-            (property) =>
-              t.isSpreadElement(property) ||
-              (t.isObjectProperty(property) &&
-                semanticStaticPropertyKey(property.key, property.computed) ===
-                  "require"),
-          )
+          members.length === 1 &&
+          members[0] === "require" &&
+          isModuleObject(root)
         )
           writes.push(node);
-      } else if (
-        owner === "Object" &&
-        method === "assign" &&
-        args?.some((arg) => isModuleObject(arg))
-      ) {
-        const target = args?.[0];
-        if (target !== undefined && isModuleObject(target)) {
-          const sourceHasRequire = args
-            ?.slice(1)
-            .some(
-              (arg) =>
-                t.isObjectExpression(arg) &&
-                arg.properties.some(
-                  (property) =>
-                    t.isObjectProperty(property) &&
-                    semanticStaticPropertyKey(
-                      property.key,
-                      property.computed,
-                    ) === "require",
-                ),
-            );
+        else if (
+          members.length === 0 &&
+          (t.isMemberExpression(target) ||
+            t.isOptionalMemberExpression(target)) &&
+          target.computed &&
+          semanticStaticPropertyKey(target.property, true) === null &&
+          isModuleObject(target.object)
+        )
+          // An unknown computed key may be "require"; retain uncertainty rather
+          // than treating this direct delegate write as a proven unrelated slot.
+          writes.push(node);
+      }
+      if (t.isCallExpression(node) || t.isOptionalCallExpression(node)) {
+        const invocation = interop.intrinsicInvocation(node);
+        const owner =
+          invocation?.path?.length === 3 ? invocation.path[1] : undefined;
+        const method = invocation?.path?.at(-1);
+        const args = invocation?.arguments;
+        if (
+          (owner === "Object" || owner === "Reflect") &&
+          method === "defineProperty" &&
+          isModuleObject(args?.[0] ?? t.nullLiteral())
+        ) {
+          const key = interop.staticString(args?.[1]);
+          if (key === "require" || key === undefined) writes.push(node);
+        } else if (
+          owner === "Object" &&
+          method === "defineProperties" &&
+          isModuleObject(args?.[0] ?? t.nullLiteral())
+        ) {
+          const descriptors = args?.[1];
           if (
-            sourceHasRequire ||
-            args?.slice(1).some((arg) => !t.isObjectExpression(arg))
+            !t.isObjectExpression(descriptors) ||
+            descriptors.properties.some(
+              (property) =>
+                t.isSpreadElement(property) ||
+                (t.isObjectProperty(property) &&
+                  semanticStaticPropertyKey(property.key, property.computed) ===
+                    "require"),
+            )
           )
             writes.push(node);
+        } else if (
+          owner === "Object" &&
+          method === "assign" &&
+          args?.some((arg) => isModuleObject(arg))
+        ) {
+          const target = args?.[0];
+          if (target !== undefined && isModuleObject(target)) {
+            const sourceHasRequire = args
+              ?.slice(1)
+              .some(
+                (arg) =>
+                  t.isObjectExpression(arg) &&
+                  arg.properties.some(
+                    (property) =>
+                      t.isObjectProperty(property) &&
+                      semanticStaticPropertyKey(
+                        property.key,
+                        property.computed,
+                      ) === "require",
+                  ),
+              );
+            if (
+              sourceHasRequire ||
+              args?.slice(1).some((arg) => !t.isObjectExpression(arg))
+            )
+              writes.push(node);
+          }
         }
       }
-    }
-    for (const key of t.VISITOR_KEYS[node.type] ?? []) {
-      const value = (node as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
-      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-        for (const child of value) if (t.isNode(child)) pending.push(child);
-      } else if (t.isNode(value)) pending.push(value);
-    }
-  }
+    },
+  });
   moduleRequireWrites.set(state, writes);
   return writes;
 };
diff --git a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticAnalysisCalls.ts b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticAnalysisCalls.ts
index b031aea9e..b9bc3c96e 100644
--- a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticAnalysisCalls.ts
+++ b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticAnalysisCalls.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import * as t from "@babel/types";
+import { traverseJavaScriptAst } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 
 import { htmlUrlText, stripQueryAndFragment } from "../artifactPathSyntax.js";
 import { sanitizeEndpointCandidate } from "../browserObservation.js";
@@ -302,17 +303,19 @@ export const indexVitePreloadDependencyTable = (
   program: t.Program,
 ): readonly (string | undefined)[] | null => {
   const helpers: ViteMapDepsFunction[] = [];
-  visitJavaScriptNodes(program, (node) => {
-    if (t.isFunctionDeclaration(node) && node.id?.name === "__vite__mapDeps")
-      helpers.push(node);
-    else if (
-      t.isVariableDeclarator(node) &&
-      t.isIdentifier(node.id, { name: "__vite__mapDeps" })
-    ) {
-      const init = node.init;
-      if (t.isFunctionExpression(init) || t.isArrowFunctionExpression(init))
-        helpers.push(init);
-    }
+  traverseJavaScriptAst(program, {
+    enter: (node) => {
+      if (t.isFunctionDeclaration(node) && node.id?.name === "__vite__mapDeps")
+        helpers.push(node);
+      else if (
+        t.isVariableDeclarator(node) &&
+        t.isIdentifier(node.id, { name: "__vite__mapDeps" })
+      ) {
+        const init = node.init;
+        if (t.isFunctionExpression(init) || t.isArrowFunctionExpression(init))
+          helpers.push(init);
+      }
+    },
   });
   if (helpers.length !== 1) return null;
   const helper = helpers[0];
@@ -323,9 +326,9 @@ export const indexVitePreloadDependencyTable = (
     : mapParameter;
   if (!t.isIdentifier(mapIdentifier)) return [];
   const tables: t.ArrayExpression[] = [];
-  visitJavaScriptNodes(
-    helper,
-    (node) => {
+  traverseJavaScriptAst(helper, {
+    skip: (node) => t.isFunction(node),
+    enter: (node) => {
       if (
         t.isAssignmentExpression(node) &&
         node.operator === "=" &&
@@ -338,9 +341,7 @@ export const indexVitePreloadDependencyTable = (
       )
         tables.push(node.right);
     },
-    undefined,
-    true,
-  );
+  });
   if (tables.length !== 1) return [];
   const table = tables[0];
   if (table === undefined) return [];
@@ -350,9 +351,9 @@ export const indexVitePreloadDependencyTable = (
       : stringValue(element),
   );
   let escapedOrMutated = false;
-  visitJavaScriptNodes(
-    program,
-    (node, parent) => {
+  traverseJavaScriptAst(program, {
+    skip: (node) => node === helper,
+    enter: (node, parent) => {
       if (!t.isIdentifier(node, { name: "__vite__mapDeps" })) return;
       if (
         (parent === helper &&
@@ -370,40 +371,10 @@ export const indexVitePreloadDependencyTable = (
         return;
       escapedOrMutated = true;
     },
-    helper,
-  );
+  });
   return escapedOrMutated ? dependencies.map(() => undefined) : dependencies;
 };
 
-const visitJavaScriptNodes = (
-  root: t.Node,
-  visit: (node: t.Node, parent: t.Node | undefined) => void,
-  skip?: t.Node,
-  skipNestedFunctions = false,
-): void => {
-  const pending: { readonly node: t.Node; readonly parent?: t.Node }[] = [
-    { node: root },
-  ];
-  while (pending.length > 0) {
-    const current = pending.pop();
-    if (current === undefined) continue;
-    const { node, parent } = current;
-    if (node === skip) continue;
-    visit(node, parent);
-    if (skipNestedFunctions && node !== root && t.isFunction(node)) continue;
-    const keys = t.VISITOR_KEYS[node.type] ?? [];
-    for (const key of keys) {
-      const child = (node as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
-      if (Array.isArray(child)) {
-        for (let index = child.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
-          const item = child[index];
-          if (t.isNode(item)) pending.push({ node: item, parent: node });
-        }
-      } else if (t.isNode(child)) pending.push({ node: child, parent: node });
-    }
-  }
-};
-
 const inspectEndpointCall = (
   node: JavaScriptCallLike,
   name: string,