rea/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspector.ts

1494 lines
47 KiB
TypeScript

import type { BinaryTarget } from "../domain/binaryTarget.js";
import {
managedMemberInspectionSchema,
type ManagedMemberInspection,
type ManagedParseIssue,
} from "../domain/managedArtifact.js";
import {
readManagedPeLayout,
type ManagedPeLayout,
} from "./ManagedPeReader.js";
import {
type ManagedResourceDirectory,
managedTableRowCounts,
readManagedMetadataInventory,
} from "./ManagedMetadataInventory.js";
import {
metadataRowOffset,
readManagedMetadataLayout,
type ManagedMetadataLayout,
type MetadataTableLayout,
} from "./ManagedMetadataLayout.js";
import {
MetadataRowCursor,
metadataToken,
readMetadataBlob,
readMetadataString,
sha256Bytes,
} from "./ManagedMetadataHeaps.js";
import {
ManagedReaderFailure,
managedFailure,
} from "./ManagedReaderFailure.js";
type ManagedPage<Item> = {
readonly items: readonly Item[];
readonly offset: number;
readonly limit: number;
readonly total: number;
readonly returned: number;
readonly dropped: number;
readonly complete: boolean;
};
type ManagedType = ManagedMemberInspection["types"]["items"][number];
type ManagedField = ManagedMemberInspection["fields"]["items"][number];
type ManagedMethod = ManagedMemberInspection["methods"]["items"][number];
type ManagedMemberRef = ManagedMemberInspection["member_refs"]["items"][number];
type ManagedCallEdge = ManagedMemberInspection["call_edges"]["items"][number];
type ManagedFieldAccess =
ManagedMemberInspection["field_accesses"]["items"][number];
type ManagedSignature = ManagedMethod["signature"];
type ManagedMethodBody = ManagedMethod["body"];
type ManagedInstructionAnchor = ManagedMethodBody["anchors"][number];
type ManagedExceptionRegion = ManagedMethodBody["exception_regions"][number];
export interface ManagedMemberInspectionLimits {
readonly typeOffset: number;
readonly typeLimit: number;
readonly methodOffset: number;
readonly methodLimit: number;
readonly fieldOffset: number;
readonly fieldLimit: number;
readonly memberRefOffset: number;
readonly memberRefLimit: number;
readonly edgeOffset: number;
readonly edgeLimit: number;
readonly instructionAnchorLimit: number;
readonly maxMetadataBytes: number;
readonly maxTableRows: number;
readonly maxHeapItemBytes: number;
readonly maxMethodBodyBytes: number;
readonly maxMethodInstructions: number;
}
interface TypeRange {
readonly token: string;
readonly fullName: string;
readonly fieldStart: number;
readonly fieldEnd: number;
readonly methodStart: number;
readonly methodEnd: number;
}
interface MethodCore {
readonly token: string;
readonly name: string;
readonly declaringType: string | null;
}
interface FieldCore {
readonly token: string;
readonly name: string;
}
interface MemberRefCore {
readonly token: string;
readonly name: string;
}
interface ParsedInstruction {
readonly offset: number;
readonly opcode: string;
readonly operandKind: ManagedInstructionAnchor["operand_kind"];
readonly operand: string | null;
}
const emptyPage = <Item>(offset: number, limit: number): ManagedPage<Item> => ({
items: [],
offset,
limit,
total: 0,
returned: 0,
dropped: 0,
complete: offset === 0,
});
const page = <Item>(
all: readonly Item[],
offset: number,
limit: number,
): ManagedPage<Item> => {
const items = all.slice(offset, offset + limit);
return {
items,
offset,
limit,
total: all.length,
returned: items.length,
dropped: all.length - items.length,
complete: offset === 0 && offset + limit >= all.length,
};
};
const rowCursor = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
table: number,
row: number,
): MetadataRowCursor => {
const descriptor = layout.table(table);
const start = metadataRowOffset(layout, table, row);
if (descriptor === undefined)
throw managedFailure(
"invalid-row",
`metadata.${String(table)}`,
"Metadata table is absent",
start,
);
return new MetadataRowCursor(
bytes,
start,
start + descriptor.rowSize,
`metadata.${descriptor.name}`,
);
};
const codedToken = (
raw: number,
bits: number,
tables: readonly (number | undefined)[],
): string | null => {
if (raw === 0) return null;
const tag = raw & (2 ** bits - 1);
const row = Math.floor(raw / 2 ** bits);
const table = tables[tag];
return table === undefined || row === 0 ? null : metadataToken(table, row);
};
const rowRange = (
table: MetadataTableLayout | undefined,
start: number,
nextStart: number,
): {
readonly first: number | null;
readonly last: number | null;
readonly count: number;
} => {
const total = table?.rowCount ?? 0;
if (total === 0 || start === 0) return { first: null, last: null, count: 0 };
const end = Math.min(nextStart === 0 ? total + 1 : nextStart, total + 1);
if (start >= end) return { first: null, last: null, count: 0 };
return { first: start, last: end - 1, count: end - start };
};
const fullName = (namespace: string, name: string): string =>
namespace.length === 0 ? name : `${namespace}.${name}`;
const readTypeRange = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
row: number,
maxBytes: number,
): TypeRange => {
const methods = layout.table(6);
const fields = layout.table(4);
const cursor = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 2, row);
cursor.readUInt32();
const name = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const namespace = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("TypeDefOrRef"));
const fieldStart = cursor.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(4));
const methodStart = cursor.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(6));
let nextField = (fields?.rowCount ?? 0) + 1;
let nextMethod = (methods?.rowCount ?? 0) + 1;
const typeTable = layout.table(2);
if (typeTable !== undefined && row < typeTable.rowCount) {
const next = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 2, row + 1);
next.readUInt32();
next.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
next.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
next.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("TypeDefOrRef"));
nextField = next.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(4));
nextMethod = next.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(6));
}
return {
token: metadataToken(2, row),
fullName: fullName(namespace, name),
fieldStart,
fieldEnd: nextField,
methodStart,
methodEnd: nextMethod,
};
};
const typeRanges = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
maxBytes: number,
): readonly TypeRange[] => {
const typeTable = layout.table(2);
const ranges: TypeRange[] = [];
for (let row = 1; row <= (typeTable?.rowCount ?? 0); row += 1)
ranges.push(readTypeRange(bytes, layout, row, maxBytes));
return ranges;
};
const declaringType = (
ranges: readonly TypeRange[],
table: "field" | "method",
row: number,
): { readonly token: string; readonly fullName: string } | null => {
for (const range of ranges) {
const start = table === "field" ? range.fieldStart : range.methodStart;
const end = table === "field" ? range.fieldEnd : range.methodEnd;
if (row >= start && row < end)
return { token: range.token, fullName: range.fullName };
}
return null;
};
const parseTypes = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
ranges: readonly TypeRange[],
maxBytes: number,
): readonly ManagedType[] => {
const typeTable = layout.table(2);
const fields = layout.table(4);
const methods = layout.table(6);
const items: ManagedType[] = [];
for (let row = 1; row <= (typeTable?.rowCount ?? 0); row += 1) {
const cursor = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 2, row);
const flags = cursor.readUInt32();
const name = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const namespace = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const extendsRaw = cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("TypeDefOrRef"));
const fieldStart = cursor.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(4));
const methodStart = cursor.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(6));
const nextRange = ranges[row] ?? null;
const fieldRange = rowRange(fields, fieldStart, nextRange?.fieldStart ?? 0);
const methodRange = rowRange(
methods,
methodStart,
nextRange?.methodStart ?? 0,
);
items.push({
token: metadataToken(2, row),
row_offset: cursor.start,
namespace,
name,
full_name: fullName(namespace, name),
flags,
extends_token: codedToken(extendsRaw, 2, [2, 1, 27]),
field_list: {
first_row: fieldRange.first,
last_row: fieldRange.last,
count: fieldRange.count,
},
method_list: {
first_row: methodRange.first,
last_row: methodRange.last,
count: methodRange.count,
},
});
}
return items;
};
const readCompressed = (
bytes: Buffer,
offset: number,
): { readonly value: number; readonly next: number } => {
const first = bytes[offset];
if (first === undefined) throw new RangeError("truncated compressed integer");
if ((first & 0x80) === 0) return { value: first, next: offset + 1 };
const second = bytes[offset + 1];
if ((first & 0xc0) === 0x80 && second !== undefined)
return { value: ((first & 0x3f) << 8) | second, next: offset + 2 };
const b1 = bytes[offset + 1];
const b2 = bytes[offset + 2];
const b3 = bytes[offset + 3];
if (
(first & 0xe0) === 0xc0 &&
b1 !== undefined &&
b2 !== undefined &&
b3 !== undefined
)
return {
value:
(first & 0x1f) * 0x01_00_00_00 + b1 * 0x01_00_00 + b2 * 0x0100 + b3,
next: offset + 4,
};
throw new RangeError("reserved compressed integer");
};
const ELEMENT_TYPES = new Map<number, string>([
[0x01, "void"],
[0x02, "bool"],
[0x03, "char"],
[0x04, "i1"],
[0x05, "u1"],
[0x06, "i2"],
[0x07, "u2"],
[0x08, "i4"],
[0x09, "u4"],
[0x0a, "i8"],
[0x0b, "u8"],
[0x0c, "r4"],
[0x0d, "r8"],
[0x0e, "string"],
[0x18, "native-int"],
[0x19, "native-uint"],
[0x1c, "object"],
]);
const ELEMENT_TYPE_SUFFIXES = new Map<number, string>([
[0x0f, "*"],
[0x10, "&"],
]);
const readTypeSignature = (
blob: Buffer,
offset: number,
): { readonly value: string; readonly next: number } => {
const kind = blob[offset];
if (kind === undefined) throw new RangeError("truncated type signature");
const named = ELEMENT_TYPES.get(kind);
if (named !== undefined) return { value: named, next: offset + 1 };
const suffix = ELEMENT_TYPE_SUFFIXES.get(kind);
if (suffix !== undefined) {
const inner = readTypeSignature(blob, offset + 1);
return { value: `${inner.value}${suffix}`, next: inner.next };
}
if (kind === 0x11 || kind === 0x12) {
const token = readCompressed(blob, offset + 1);
return {
value: `${kind === 0x11 ? "valuetype" : "class"}:${String(token.value)}`,
next: token.next,
};
}
if (kind === 0x1d) {
const inner = readTypeSignature(blob, offset + 1);
return { value: `${inner.value}[]`, next: inner.next };
}
if (kind === 0x1e) {
const variable = readCompressed(blob, offset + 1);
return { value: `mvar:${String(variable.value)}`, next: variable.next };
}
if (kind === 0x13) {
const variable = readCompressed(blob, offset + 1);
return { value: `var:${String(variable.value)}`, next: variable.next };
}
throw new RangeError(`unsupported element type 0x${kind.toString(16)}`);
};
const callingConvention = (value: number): string => {
const base = value & 0x0f;
const flags = [
(value & 0x20) === 0 ? null : "has-this",
(value & 0x40) === 0 ? null : "explicit-this",
(value & 0x10) === 0 ? null : "generic",
].filter((flag) => flag !== null);
const name =
base === 0
? "default"
: base === 5
? "vararg"
: base === 6
? "field"
: `unknown:${String(base)}`;
return flags.length === 0 ? name : `${name} ${flags.join(" ")}`;
};
const signature = (blob: Buffer): ManagedSignature => {
const raw = {
raw_length: blob.length,
raw_sha256: sha256Bytes(blob),
};
try {
if (blob.length === 0) throw new RangeError("empty signature");
const first = blob[0] ?? 0;
if ((first & 0x0f) === 6) {
const fieldType = readTypeSignature(blob, 1);
return {
...raw,
kind: "field",
parse_status: fieldType.next === blob.length ? "decoded" : "partial",
calling_convention: callingConvention(first),
generic_parameter_count: null,
parameter_count: null,
return_type: null,
parameter_types: [],
field_type: fieldType.value,
issue:
fieldType.next === blob.length ? null : "Trailing signature data",
};
}
let offset = 1;
let genericParameterCount: number | null = null;
if ((first & 0x10) !== 0) {
const generic = readCompressed(blob, offset);
genericParameterCount = generic.value;
offset = generic.next;
}
const parameterCount = readCompressed(blob, offset);
offset = parameterCount.next;
const returnType = readTypeSignature(blob, offset);
offset = returnType.next;
const parameters: string[] = [];
for (let index = 0; index < parameterCount.value; index += 1) {
const parameter = readTypeSignature(blob, offset);
parameters.push(parameter.value);
offset = parameter.next;
}
return {
...raw,
kind: "method",
parse_status: offset === blob.length ? "decoded" : "partial",
calling_convention: callingConvention(first),
generic_parameter_count: genericParameterCount,
parameter_count: parameterCount.value,
return_type: returnType.value,
parameter_types: parameters,
field_type: null,
issue: offset === blob.length ? null : "Trailing signature data",
};
} catch (cause: unknown) {
return {
...raw,
kind: "unknown",
parse_status: cause instanceof RangeError ? "unsupported" : "malformed",
calling_convention: null,
generic_parameter_count: null,
parameter_count: null,
return_type: null,
parameter_types: [],
field_type: null,
issue: cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : "Signature parse failed",
};
}
};
const opcode = (
code: number,
): { readonly name: string; readonly operand: string } | undefined =>
OPCODES.get(code);
const OPCODES = new Map<
number,
{ readonly name: string; readonly operand: string }
>([
[0x00, { name: "nop", operand: "none" }],
[0x01, { name: "break", operand: "none" }],
[0x02, { name: "ldarg.0", operand: "none" }],
[0x03, { name: "ldarg.1", operand: "none" }],
[0x04, { name: "ldarg.2", operand: "none" }],
[0x05, { name: "ldarg.3", operand: "none" }],
[0x06, { name: "ldloc.0", operand: "none" }],
[0x07, { name: "ldloc.1", operand: "none" }],
[0x08, { name: "ldloc.2", operand: "none" }],
[0x09, { name: "ldloc.3", operand: "none" }],
[0x0a, { name: "stloc.0", operand: "none" }],
[0x0b, { name: "stloc.1", operand: "none" }],
[0x0c, { name: "stloc.2", operand: "none" }],
[0x0d, { name: "stloc.3", operand: "none" }],
[0x0e, { name: "ldarg.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x0f, { name: "ldarga.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x10, { name: "starg.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x11, { name: "ldloc.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x12, { name: "ldloca.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x13, { name: "stloc.s", operand: "short-var" }],
[0x14, { name: "ldnull", operand: "none" }],
[0x15, { name: "ldc.i4.m1", operand: "none" }],
[0x16, { name: "ldc.i4.0", operand: "none" }],
[0x17, { name: "ldc.i4.1", operand: "none" }],
[0x18, { name: "ldc.i4.2", operand: "none" }],
[0x19, { name: "ldc.i4.3", operand: "none" }],
[0x1a, { name: "ldc.i4.4", operand: "none" }],
[0x1b, { name: "ldc.i4.5", operand: "none" }],
[0x1c, { name: "ldc.i4.6", operand: "none" }],
[0x1d, { name: "ldc.i4.7", operand: "none" }],
[0x1e, { name: "ldc.i4.8", operand: "none" }],
[0x1f, { name: "ldc.i4.s", operand: "short-i" }],
[0x20, { name: "ldc.i4", operand: "i" }],
[0x21, { name: "ldc.i8", operand: "i8" }],
[0x22, { name: "ldc.r4", operand: "r4" }],
[0x23, { name: "ldc.r8", operand: "r8" }],
[0x25, { name: "dup", operand: "none" }],
[0x26, { name: "pop", operand: "none" }],
[0x27, { name: "jmp", operand: "method" }],
[0x28, { name: "call", operand: "method" }],
[0x29, { name: "calli", operand: "signature" }],
[0x2a, { name: "ret", operand: "none" }],
[0x2b, { name: "br.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x2c, { name: "brfalse.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x2d, { name: "brtrue.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x2e, { name: "beq.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x2f, { name: "bge.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x30, { name: "bgt.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x31, { name: "ble.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x32, { name: "blt.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x33, { name: "bne.un.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x34, { name: "bge.un.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x35, { name: "bgt.un.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x36, { name: "ble.un.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x37, { name: "blt.un.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0x38, { name: "br", operand: "branch" }],
[0x39, { name: "brfalse", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3a, { name: "brtrue", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3b, { name: "beq", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3c, { name: "bge", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3d, { name: "bgt", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3e, { name: "ble", operand: "branch" }],
[0x3f, { name: "blt", operand: "branch" }],
[0x40, { name: "bne.un", operand: "branch" }],
[0x41, { name: "bge.un", operand: "branch" }],
[0x42, { name: "bgt.un", operand: "branch" }],
[0x43, { name: "ble.un", operand: "branch" }],
[0x44, { name: "blt.un", operand: "branch" }],
[0x45, { name: "switch", operand: "switch" }],
[0x46, { name: "ldind.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0x47, { name: "ldind.u1", operand: "none" }],
[0x48, { name: "ldind.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0x49, { name: "ldind.u2", operand: "none" }],
[0x4a, { name: "ldind.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0x4b, { name: "ldind.u4", operand: "none" }],
[0x4c, { name: "ldind.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0x4d, { name: "ldind.i", operand: "none" }],
[0x4e, { name: "ldind.r4", operand: "none" }],
[0x4f, { name: "ldind.r8", operand: "none" }],
[0x50, { name: "ldind.ref", operand: "none" }],
[0x51, { name: "stind.ref", operand: "none" }],
[0x52, { name: "stind.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0x53, { name: "stind.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0x54, { name: "stind.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0x55, { name: "stind.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0x56, { name: "stind.r4", operand: "none" }],
[0x57, { name: "stind.r8", operand: "none" }],
[0x58, { name: "add", operand: "none" }],
[0x59, { name: "sub", operand: "none" }],
[0x5a, { name: "mul", operand: "none" }],
[0x5b, { name: "div", operand: "none" }],
[0x5c, { name: "div.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x5d, { name: "rem", operand: "none" }],
[0x5e, { name: "rem.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x5f, { name: "and", operand: "none" }],
[0x60, { name: "or", operand: "none" }],
[0x61, { name: "xor", operand: "none" }],
[0x62, { name: "shl", operand: "none" }],
[0x63, { name: "shr", operand: "none" }],
[0x64, { name: "shr.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x65, { name: "neg", operand: "none" }],
[0x66, { name: "not", operand: "none" }],
[0x67, { name: "conv.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0x68, { name: "conv.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0x69, { name: "conv.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0x6a, { name: "conv.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0x6b, { name: "conv.r4", operand: "none" }],
[0x6c, { name: "conv.r8", operand: "none" }],
[0x6d, { name: "conv.u4", operand: "none" }],
[0x6e, { name: "conv.u8", operand: "none" }],
[0x6f, { name: "callvirt", operand: "method" }],
[0x70, { name: "cpobj", operand: "type" }],
[0x71, { name: "ldobj", operand: "type" }],
[0x72, { name: "ldstr", operand: "string" }],
[0x73, { name: "newobj", operand: "method" }],
[0x74, { name: "castclass", operand: "type" }],
[0x75, { name: "isinst", operand: "type" }],
[0x76, { name: "conv.r.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x79, { name: "unbox", operand: "type" }],
[0x7a, { name: "throw", operand: "none" }],
[0x7b, { name: "ldfld", operand: "field" }],
[0x7c, { name: "ldflda", operand: "field" }],
[0x7d, { name: "stfld", operand: "field" }],
[0x7e, { name: "ldsfld", operand: "field" }],
[0x7f, { name: "ldsflda", operand: "field" }],
[0x80, { name: "stsfld", operand: "field" }],
[0x81, { name: "stobj", operand: "type" }],
[0x82, { name: "conv.ovf.i1.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x83, { name: "conv.ovf.i2.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x84, { name: "conv.ovf.i4.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x85, { name: "conv.ovf.i8.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x86, { name: "conv.ovf.u1.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x87, { name: "conv.ovf.u2.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x88, { name: "conv.ovf.u4.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x89, { name: "conv.ovf.u8.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x8a, { name: "conv.ovf.i.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x8b, { name: "conv.ovf.u.un", operand: "none" }],
[0x8c, { name: "box", operand: "type" }],
[0x8d, { name: "newarr", operand: "type" }],
[0x8e, { name: "ldlen", operand: "none" }],
[0x8f, { name: "ldelema", operand: "type" }],
[0x90, { name: "ldelem.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0x91, { name: "ldelem.u1", operand: "none" }],
[0x92, { name: "ldelem.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0x93, { name: "ldelem.u2", operand: "none" }],
[0x94, { name: "ldelem.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0x95, { name: "ldelem.u4", operand: "none" }],
[0x96, { name: "ldelem.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0x97, { name: "ldelem.i", operand: "none" }],
[0x98, { name: "ldelem.r4", operand: "none" }],
[0x99, { name: "ldelem.r8", operand: "none" }],
[0x9a, { name: "ldelem.ref", operand: "none" }],
[0x9b, { name: "stelem.i", operand: "none" }],
[0x9c, { name: "stelem.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0x9d, { name: "stelem.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0x9e, { name: "stelem.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0x9f, { name: "stelem.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0xa0, { name: "stelem.r4", operand: "none" }],
[0xa1, { name: "stelem.r8", operand: "none" }],
[0xa2, { name: "stelem.ref", operand: "none" }],
[0xa3, { name: "ldelem", operand: "type" }],
[0xa4, { name: "stelem", operand: "type" }],
[0xa5, { name: "unbox.any", operand: "type" }],
[0xb3, { name: "conv.ovf.i1", operand: "none" }],
[0xb4, { name: "conv.ovf.u1", operand: "none" }],
[0xb5, { name: "conv.ovf.i2", operand: "none" }],
[0xb6, { name: "conv.ovf.u2", operand: "none" }],
[0xb7, { name: "conv.ovf.i4", operand: "none" }],
[0xb8, { name: "conv.ovf.u4", operand: "none" }],
[0xb9, { name: "conv.ovf.i8", operand: "none" }],
[0xba, { name: "conv.ovf.u8", operand: "none" }],
[0xc2, { name: "refanyval", operand: "type" }],
[0xc3, { name: "ckfinite", operand: "none" }],
[0xc6, { name: "mkrefany", operand: "type" }],
[0xd0, { name: "ldtoken", operand: "token" }],
[0xd1, { name: "conv.u2", operand: "none" }],
[0xd2, { name: "conv.u1", operand: "none" }],
[0xd3, { name: "conv.i", operand: "none" }],
[0xd4, { name: "conv.ovf.i", operand: "none" }],
[0xd5, { name: "conv.ovf.u", operand: "none" }],
[0xd6, { name: "add.ovf", operand: "none" }],
[0xd7, { name: "add.ovf.un", operand: "none" }],
[0xd8, { name: "mul.ovf", operand: "none" }],
[0xd9, { name: "mul.ovf.un", operand: "none" }],
[0xda, { name: "sub.ovf", operand: "none" }],
[0xdb, { name: "sub.ovf.un", operand: "none" }],
[0xdc, { name: "endfinally", operand: "none" }],
[0xdd, { name: "leave", operand: "branch" }],
[0xde, { name: "leave.s", operand: "short-branch" }],
[0xdf, { name: "stind.i", operand: "none" }],
[0xe0, { name: "conv.u", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe00, { name: "arglist", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe01, { name: "ceq", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe02, { name: "cgt", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe03, { name: "cgt.un", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe04, { name: "clt", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe05, { name: "clt.un", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe06, { name: "ldftn", operand: "method" }],
[0xfe07, { name: "ldvirtftn", operand: "method" }],
[0xfe09, { name: "ldarg", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0a, { name: "ldarga", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0b, { name: "starg", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0c, { name: "ldloc", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0d, { name: "ldloca", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0e, { name: "stloc", operand: "var" }],
[0xfe0f, { name: "localloc", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe11, { name: "endfilter", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe12, { name: "unaligned.", operand: "short-i" }],
[0xfe13, { name: "volatile.", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe14, { name: "tail.", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe15, { name: "initobj", operand: "type" }],
[0xfe16, { name: "constrained.", operand: "type" }],
[0xfe17, { name: "cpblk", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe18, { name: "initblk", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe1a, { name: "rethrow", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe1c, { name: "sizeof", operand: "type" }],
[0xfe1d, { name: "refanytype", operand: "none" }],
[0xfe1e, { name: "readonly.", operand: "none" }],
]);
const tokenKind = (token: string): ManagedInstructionAnchor["operand_kind"] => {
if (
token.startsWith("0x06") ||
token.startsWith("0x0a") ||
token.startsWith("0x2b")
)
return "method";
if (token.startsWith("0x04")) return "field";
if (token.startsWith("0x70")) return "string";
if (token.startsWith("0x11")) return "signature";
if (
token.startsWith("0x01") ||
token.startsWith("0x02") ||
token.startsWith("0x1b")
)
return "type";
return "token";
};
type OperandResult = {
readonly next: number;
readonly anchorKind: ManagedInstructionAnchor["operand_kind"];
readonly value: string | null;
};
type OperandReader = (il: Buffer, offset: number) => OperandResult;
const FIXED_OPERAND_READERS = new Map<string, OperandReader>([
[
"none",
(_il, offset) => ({ next: offset, anchorKind: "none", value: null }),
],
[
"short-var",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 1,
anchorKind: "variable",
value: String(il.readUInt8(offset)),
}),
],
[
"var",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 2,
anchorKind: "variable",
value: String(il.readUInt16LE(offset)),
}),
],
[
"short-i",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 1,
anchorKind: "constant",
value: String(il.readInt8(offset)),
}),
],
[
"i",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 4,
anchorKind: "constant",
value: String(il.readInt32LE(offset)),
}),
],
[
"i8",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 8,
anchorKind: "constant",
value: il.readBigInt64LE(offset).toString(),
}),
],
[
"r4",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 4,
anchorKind: "constant",
value: String(il.readFloatLE(offset)),
}),
],
[
"r8",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 8,
anchorKind: "constant",
value: String(il.readDoubleLE(offset)),
}),
],
[
"short-branch",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 1,
anchorKind: "branch",
value: String(offset + 1 + il.readInt8(offset)),
}),
],
[
"branch",
(il, offset) => ({
next: offset + 4,
anchorKind: "branch",
value: String(offset + 4 + il.readInt32LE(offset)),
}),
],
]);
const TOKEN_OPERAND_KINDS = new Map<
string,
ManagedInstructionAnchor["operand_kind"]
>([
["method", "method"],
["field", "field"],
["type", "type"],
["string", "string"],
["signature", "signature"],
]);
const readOperand = (
il: Buffer,
offset: number,
kind: string,
): OperandResult => {
const fixed = FIXED_OPERAND_READERS.get(kind);
if (fixed !== undefined) return fixed(il, offset);
if (kind === "switch") {
const count = il.readUInt32LE(offset);
return {
next: offset + 4 + count * 4,
anchorKind: "switch",
value: String(count),
};
}
const raw = il.readUInt32LE(offset);
const token = `0x${raw.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}`;
const tokenOperandKind = TOKEN_OPERAND_KINDS.get(kind);
if (tokenOperandKind !== undefined)
return { next: offset + 4, anchorKind: tokenOperandKind, value: token };
if (kind === "token")
return { next: offset + 4, anchorKind: tokenKind(token), value: token };
return { next: offset, anchorKind: "unknown", value: null };
};
const decodeInstructions = (
il: Buffer,
limit: number,
): {
readonly parsed: readonly ParsedInstruction[];
readonly count: number;
readonly truncated: number;
readonly issue: string | null;
} => {
const parsed: ParsedInstruction[] = [];
let offset = 0;
let issue: string | null = null;
try {
while (offset < il.length && parsed.length < limit) {
const start = offset;
const first = il.readUInt8(offset);
offset += 1;
const code = first === 0xfe ? 0xfe00 + il.readUInt8(offset++) : first;
const descriptor = opcode(code);
if (descriptor === undefined) {
issue = `Unsupported CIL opcode 0x${code.toString(16)} at IL offset ${String(start)}`;
break;
}
const operand = readOperand(il, offset, descriptor.operand);
if (operand.next < offset || operand.next > il.length) {
issue = `Instruction ${descriptor.name} at IL offset ${String(start)} leaves method body`;
break;
}
offset = operand.next;
parsed.push({
offset: start,
opcode: descriptor.name,
operandKind: operand.anchorKind,
operand: operand.value,
});
}
} catch (cause: unknown) {
issue =
cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : "Instruction decode failed";
}
const truncated = offset < il.length && issue === null ? 1 : 0;
return { parsed, count: parsed.length, truncated, issue };
};
const parseExceptionRegions = (
bytes: Buffer,
offset: number,
methodEnd: number,
): ManagedExceptionRegion[] => {
if (offset >= methodEnd) return [];
const kind = bytes.readUInt8(offset);
if ((kind & 0x3f) !== 1) return [];
const fat = (kind & 0x40) !== 0;
const size = fat
? bytes.readUInt32LE(offset) >>> 8
: bytes.readUInt8(offset + 1);
const start = fat ? offset + 4 : offset + 4;
const clauseSize = fat ? 24 : 12;
if (size < 4 || offset > methodEnd - size) return [];
const count = Math.floor((size - 4) / clauseSize);
const regions: ManagedExceptionRegion[] = [];
for (let index = 0; index < count; index += 1) {
const clause = start + index * clauseSize;
if (fat) {
const flags = bytes.readUInt32LE(clause);
const extra = bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 20);
regions.push({
flags,
try_offset: bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 4),
try_length: bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 8),
handler_offset: bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 12),
handler_length: bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 16),
class_token:
flags === 0 ? `0x${extra.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}` : null,
filter_offset: flags === 1 ? extra : null,
});
} else {
const flags = bytes.readUInt16LE(clause);
const extra = bytes.readUInt32LE(clause + 8);
regions.push({
flags,
try_offset: bytes.readUInt16LE(clause + 2),
try_length: bytes.readUInt8(clause + 4),
handler_offset: bytes.readUInt16LE(clause + 5),
handler_length: bytes.readUInt8(clause + 7),
class_token:
flags === 0 ? `0x${extra.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}` : null,
filter_offset: flags === 1 ? extra : null,
});
}
}
return regions;
};
interface MethodBodyHeader {
readonly format: "tiny" | "fat";
readonly size: number;
readonly flags: number;
readonly maxStack: number;
readonly ilSize: number;
readonly localSig: number;
}
const readMethodBodyHeader = (
bytes: Buffer,
offset: number,
): MethodBodyHeader => {
const first = bytes.readUInt8(offset);
if ((first & 3) === 2)
return {
format: "tiny",
size: 1,
flags: 0,
maxStack: 8,
ilSize: first >> 2,
localSig: 0,
};
if ((first & 3) !== 3) throw new RangeError("Unsupported method body header");
if (offset > bytes.length - 12)
throw new RangeError("Fat method body header leaves artifact");
const flagsAndSize = bytes.readUInt16LE(offset);
const headerDwords = flagsAndSize >>> 12;
if (headerDwords < 3)
throw new RangeError("Fat method body header is smaller than 12 bytes");
const size = headerDwords * 4;
if (offset > bytes.length - size)
throw new RangeError("Method body header leaves artifact");
return {
format: "fat",
size,
flags: flagsAndSize & 0x0fff,
maxStack: bytes.readUInt16LE(offset + 2),
ilSize: bytes.readUInt32LE(offset + 4),
localSig: bytes.readUInt32LE(offset + 8),
};
};
const methodBody = (
bytes: Buffer,
pe: ManagedPeLayout,
rva: number,
limits: ManagedMemberInspectionLimits,
): ManagedMethodBody => {
if (rva === 0)
return {
status: "absent",
header_format: "none",
rva,
file_offset: null,
max_stack: null,
init_locals: null,
local_var_sig_token: null,
il_size: 0,
il_sha256: null,
normalized_il_sha256: null,
instruction_count: 0,
decoded_instruction_count: 0,
truncated_instructions: 0,
opcode_counts: {},
anchors: [],
exception_regions: [],
issue: null,
};
try {
const offset = pe.rvaToOffset(rva, 1, "method.body");
const header = readMethodBodyHeader(bytes, offset);
if (header.ilSize > limits.maxMethodBodyBytes)
return {
status: "too-large",
header_format: header.format,
rva,
file_offset: offset,
max_stack: header.maxStack,
init_locals: (header.flags & 0x10) !== 0,
local_var_sig_token:
header.localSig === 0
? null
: `0x${header.localSig.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}`,
il_size: header.ilSize,
il_sha256: null,
normalized_il_sha256: null,
instruction_count: 0,
decoded_instruction_count: 0,
truncated_instructions: 0,
opcode_counts: {},
anchors: [],
exception_regions: [],
issue: `Method body exceeds max_method_body_bytes ${String(limits.maxMethodBodyBytes)}`,
};
const ilOffset = offset + header.size;
if (ilOffset > bytes.length - header.ilSize)
throw new RangeError("Method IL bytes leave artifact");
const il = bytes.subarray(ilOffset, ilOffset + header.ilSize);
const decoded = decodeInstructions(il, limits.maxMethodInstructions);
const opcodeCounts: Record<string, number> = {};
for (const instruction of decoded.parsed)
opcodeCounts[instruction.opcode] =
(opcodeCounts[instruction.opcode] ?? 0) + 1;
const anchors = decoded.parsed
.map((instruction, index) => ({ instruction, index }))
.filter(({ instruction }) => instruction.operandKind !== "none")
.slice(0, limits.instructionAnchorLimit)
.map(({ instruction }) => ({
il_offset: instruction.offset,
opcode: instruction.opcode,
operand_kind: instruction.operandKind,
operand: instruction.operand,
}));
const normalized = Buffer.from(
JSON.stringify(
decoded.parsed.map(({ opcode, operandKind, operand }) => [
opcode,
operandKind,
operand,
]),
),
"utf8",
);
const methodEnd = ilOffset + header.ilSize;
const sectionOffset = (methodEnd + 3) & ~3;
return {
status: decoded.issue === null ? "present" : "malformed",
header_format: header.format,
rva,
file_offset: offset,
max_stack: header.maxStack,
init_locals: (header.flags & 0x10) !== 0,
local_var_sig_token:
header.localSig === 0
? null
: `0x${header.localSig.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}`,
il_size: header.ilSize,
il_sha256: sha256Bytes(il),
normalized_il_sha256: sha256Bytes(normalized),
instruction_count: decoded.count,
decoded_instruction_count: decoded.parsed.length,
truncated_instructions: decoded.truncated,
opcode_counts: opcodeCounts,
anchors,
exception_regions:
header.format === "fat" && (header.flags & 8) !== 0
? parseExceptionRegions(bytes, sectionOffset, bytes.length)
: [],
issue: decoded.issue,
};
} catch (cause: unknown) {
return {
status: "malformed",
header_format: "unknown",
rva,
file_offset: null,
max_stack: null,
init_locals: null,
local_var_sig_token: null,
il_size: 0,
il_sha256: null,
normalized_il_sha256: null,
instruction_count: 0,
decoded_instruction_count: 0,
truncated_instructions: 0,
opcode_counts: {},
anchors: [],
exception_regions: [],
issue:
cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : "Method body parse failed",
};
}
};
const parseFields = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
ranges: readonly TypeRange[],
maxBytes: number,
): {
readonly fields: readonly ManagedField[];
readonly core: ReadonlyMap<string, FieldCore>;
} => {
const fields: ManagedField[] = [];
const core = new Map<string, FieldCore>();
const table = layout.table(4);
for (let row = 1; row <= (table?.rowCount ?? 0); row += 1) {
const cursor = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 4, row);
const flags = cursor.readUInt16();
const name = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const sig = readMetadataBlob(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.blobIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const declared = declaringType(ranges, "field", row);
const token = metadataToken(4, row);
fields.push({
token,
row_offset: cursor.start,
declaring_type_token: declared?.token ?? null,
declaring_type: declared?.fullName ?? null,
name,
flags,
signature: signature(sig),
});
core.set(token, { token, name });
}
return { fields, core };
};
const parseMemberRefs = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
maxBytes: number,
): {
readonly refs: readonly ManagedMemberRef[];
readonly core: ReadonlyMap<string, MemberRefCore>;
} => {
const refs: ManagedMemberRef[] = [];
const core = new Map<string, MemberRefCore>();
const table = layout.table(10);
for (let row = 1; row <= (table?.rowCount ?? 0); row += 1) {
const cursor = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 10, row);
const parentRaw = cursor.readIndex(
layout.codedIndexSize("MemberRefParent"),
);
const name = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const sig = readMetadataBlob(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.blobIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const token = metadataToken(10, row);
refs.push({
token,
row_offset: cursor.start,
parent_token: codedToken(parentRaw, 3, [2, 1, 26, 6, 27]),
name,
signature: signature(sig),
});
core.set(token, { token, name });
}
return { refs, core };
};
const parseMethods = (
bytes: Buffer,
layout: ManagedMetadataLayout,
pe: ManagedPeLayout,
ranges: readonly TypeRange[],
maxBytes: number,
limits: ManagedMemberInspectionLimits,
): {
readonly methods: readonly ManagedMethod[];
readonly core: ReadonlyMap<string, MethodCore>;
} => {
const methods: ManagedMethod[] = [];
const core = new Map<string, MethodCore>();
const table = layout.table(6);
for (let row = 1; row <= (table?.rowCount ?? 0); row += 1) {
const cursor = rowCursor(bytes, layout, 6, row);
const rva = cursor.readUInt32();
const implFlags = cursor.readUInt16();
const flags = cursor.readUInt16();
const name = readMetadataString(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
const sig = readMetadataBlob(
bytes,
layout,
cursor.readIndex(layout.blobIndexSize),
maxBytes,
);
cursor.readIndex(layout.tableIndexSize(8));
const declared = declaringType(ranges, "method", row);
const token = metadataToken(6, row);
methods.push({
token,
row_offset: cursor.start,
declaring_type_token: declared?.token ?? null,
declaring_type: declared?.fullName ?? null,
name,
rva,
impl_flags: implFlags,
flags,
signature: signature(sig),
body: methodBody(bytes, pe, rva, limits),
});
core.set(token, { token, name, declaringType: declared?.fullName ?? null });
}
return { methods, core };
};
const targetKind = (token: string): ManagedCallEdge["target_kind"] =>
token.startsWith("0x06")
? "method-def"
: token.startsWith("0x0a")
? "member-ref"
: token.startsWith("0x2b")
? "method-spec"
: "unknown";
const edges = (
methods: readonly ManagedMethod[],
methodCore: ReadonlyMap<string, MethodCore>,
fieldCore: ReadonlyMap<string, FieldCore>,
refCore: ReadonlyMap<string, MemberRefCore>,
): {
readonly callEdges: readonly ManagedCallEdge[];
readonly fieldAccesses: readonly ManagedFieldAccess[];
} => {
const callEdges: ManagedCallEdge[] = [];
const fieldAccesses: ManagedFieldAccess[] = [];
for (const method of methods) {
for (const anchor of method.body.anchors) {
if (anchor.operand_kind === "method" && anchor.operand !== null) {
const named =
methodCore.get(anchor.operand)?.name ??
refCore.get(anchor.operand)?.name ??
null;
callEdges.push({
caller_token: method.token,
caller:
method.declaring_type === null
? method.name
: `${method.declaring_type}.${method.name}`,
opcode: anchor.opcode,
target_token: anchor.operand,
target_kind: targetKind(anchor.operand),
target_name: named,
});
}
if (anchor.operand_kind === "field" && anchor.operand !== null) {
fieldAccesses.push({
method_token: method.token,
method:
method.declaring_type === null
? method.name
: `${method.declaring_type}.${method.name}`,
opcode: anchor.opcode,
field_token: anchor.operand,
field_name: fieldCore.get(anchor.operand)?.name ?? null,
});
}
}
}
return { callEdges, fieldAccesses };
};
const unavailable = (
target: BinaryTarget,
bytes: Buffer,
limits: ManagedMemberInspectionLimits,
issue: ManagedParseIssue | null,
): ManagedMemberInspection =>
managedMemberInspectionSchema.parse({
schema_version: 1,
artifact: {
path: target.path,
sha256: target.sha256,
byte_length: bytes.length,
format: "pe",
},
module: null,
metadata: {
status: issue === null ? "absent" : "malformed",
version: null,
table_row_counts: {},
},
identity_scope: {
token_identity: "build-local",
requires_artifact_sha256: target.sha256,
requires_mvid: null,
},
types: emptyPage(limits.typeOffset, limits.typeLimit),
fields: emptyPage(limits.fieldOffset, limits.fieldLimit),
methods: emptyPage(limits.methodOffset, limits.methodLimit),
member_refs: emptyPage(limits.memberRefOffset, limits.memberRefLimit),
call_edges: emptyPage(limits.edgeOffset, limits.edgeLimit),
field_accesses: emptyPage(limits.edgeOffset, limits.edgeLimit),
coverage: {
state: "unavailable",
issues: issue === null ? [] : [issue],
},
limitations: [
issue === null
? "The PE has no admitted CLI metadata; managed member inspection is unavailable."
: "The CLI metadata could not be admitted; managed member inspection is unavailable.",
],
});
const resourceDirectory = (
pe: ManagedPeLayout,
): ManagedResourceDirectory | null => {
if (
pe.cli === null ||
pe.cli.resources.rva === 0 ||
pe.cli.resources.size === 0
)
return null;
return {
offset: pe.rvaToOffset(
pe.cli.resources.rva,
pe.cli.resources.size,
"cli.resources",
),
size: pe.cli.resources.size,
};
};
/** Inspect metadata members and method bodies without loading target code. */
export const inspectManagedMembersBytes = (
bytes: Buffer,
target: BinaryTarget,
limits: ManagedMemberInspectionLimits,
): ManagedMemberInspection => {
const pe = readManagedPeLayout(bytes);
if (pe.cli === null) return unavailable(target, bytes, limits, pe.cliIssue);
const issues: ManagedParseIssue[] = [];
try {
const rootOffset = pe.rvaToOffset(
pe.cli.metadata.rva,
pe.cli.metadata.size,
"cli.metadata",
);
if (pe.cli.metadata.size > limits.maxMetadataBytes)
throw managedFailure(
"limit-exceeded",
"metadata.root",
`CLI metadata size exceeds max_metadata_bytes ${String(limits.maxMetadataBytes)}`,
rootOffset,
);
const layout = readManagedMetadataLayout(
bytes,
rootOffset,
pe.cli.metadata.size,
limits.maxTableRows,
);
const inventory = readManagedMetadataInventory(
bytes,
layout,
{
referenceOffset: 0,
referenceLimit: 1,
resourceOffset: 0,
resourceLimit: 1,
attributeOffset: 0,
attributeLimit: 1,
maxHeapItemBytes: limits.maxHeapItemBytes,
},
resourceDirectory(pe),
);
issues.push(...inventory.issues);
const ranges = typeRanges(bytes, layout, limits.maxHeapItemBytes);
const types = parseTypes(bytes, layout, ranges, limits.maxHeapItemBytes);
const fields = parseFields(bytes, layout, ranges, limits.maxHeapItemBytes);
const memberRefs = parseMemberRefs(bytes, layout, limits.maxHeapItemBytes);
const methods = parseMethods(
bytes,
layout,
pe,
ranges,
limits.maxHeapItemBytes,
limits,
);
const related = edges(
methods.methods,
methods.core,
fields.core,
memberRefs.core,
);
return managedMemberInspectionSchema.parse({
schema_version: 1,
artifact: {
path: target.path,
sha256: target.sha256,
byte_length: bytes.length,
format: "pe",
},
module: inventory.module,
metadata: {
status: issues.length === 0 ? "complete" : "partial",
version: layout.version,
table_row_counts: managedTableRowCounts(layout),
},
identity_scope: {
token_identity: "build-local",
requires_artifact_sha256: target.sha256,
requires_mvid: inventory.module?.mvid ?? null,
},
types: page(types, limits.typeOffset, limits.typeLimit),
fields: page(fields.fields, limits.fieldOffset, limits.fieldLimit),
methods: page(methods.methods, limits.methodOffset, limits.methodLimit),
member_refs: page(
memberRefs.refs,
limits.memberRefOffset,
limits.memberRefLimit,
),
call_edges: page(related.callEdges, limits.edgeOffset, limits.edgeLimit),
field_accesses: page(
related.fieldAccesses,
limits.edgeOffset,
limits.edgeLimit,
),
coverage: {
state: issues.length === 0 ? "complete" : "partial",
issues,
},
limitations: [
"Metadata tokens are build-local coordinates and are only meaningful with the reported artifact SHA-256 and MVID.",
"CIL instruction anchors are decoded from file-backed method bodies only; no target assembly is loaded or executed.",
"Signatures are decoded for common ECMA-335 primitive, class, valuetype, pointer, byref, array, and generic variable forms; unsupported forms retain raw signature hashes.",
],
});
} catch (cause: unknown) {
if (cause instanceof ManagedReaderFailure)
return unavailable(target, bytes, limits, cause.issue);
throw cause;
}
};