diff --git a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCache.Collection.cs b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCache.Collection.cs
index c68ce45..9b8e456 100644
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCache.Collection.cs
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCache.Collection.cs
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Images;
 // Garbage collection by recency and memory pressure, and the scheduled readback flush.
 public sealed partial class GuestImageCache
 {
-    public void RunGarbageCollector()
+    public void RunGarbageCollector() => RunGarbageCollector(endsFrame: true);
+
+    // Image ages are counted in frames. Collection also runs after guest submissions, so memory
+    // pressure is relieved during long stretches without a flip, but only a frame advances the
+    // age: a title submits dozens of command buffers per frame, and counting those made every
+    // texture it samples once per frame look stale, so it was deleted and uploaded again.
+    public void RunGarbageCollector(bool endsFrame)
     {
         using var held = _lock.Hold();
-        var tick = _collectionTick++;
+        var tick = endsFrame ? _collectionTick++ : _collectionTick;
         if (_totalUsedMemory < _collectionStartBytes)
         {
             return;
diff --git a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.CommandStream.cs b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.CommandStream.cs
index e366a3f..1d74473 100644
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.CommandStream.cs
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.CommandStream.cs
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ internal static unsafe partial class VulkanVideoPresenter
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
         }
 
-        public void RunGarbageCollector() => RunGuestCacheCollection();
+        public void RunGarbageCollector() => RunGuestCacheCollection(endsFrame: false);
 
         public void EmitGlobalBarrier()
         {
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ internal static unsafe partial class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
 
             FlushBatchedGuestCommands();
-            RunGuestCacheCollection();
+            RunGuestCacheCollection(endsFrame: true);
             EnsureGuestSubmissionCapacity();
             long version;
             lock (_gate)
diff --git a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.RenderLoop.cs b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.RenderLoop.cs
index fdc9d67..307d6f9 100644
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.RenderLoop.cs
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.RenderLoop.cs
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ internal static unsafe partial class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
-        private void RunGuestCacheCollection()
+        private void RunGuestCacheCollection(bool endsFrame)
         {
             ProcessGuestCacheReadbacks();
 
             using (RenderPhaseProfile.Measure(RenderPhaseProfile.Phase.ImageCollect))
             {
-                _imageCache.RunGarbageCollector();
+                _imageCache.RunGarbageCollector(endsFrame);
             }
 
             using (RenderPhaseProfile.Measure(RenderPhaseProfile.Phase.BufferCollect))
diff --git a/tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCacheTests.Readback.cs b/tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCacheTests.Readback.cs
index ca38dc7..5e7baf3 100644
--- a/tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCacheTests.Readback.cs
+++ b/tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Gpu/Images/GuestImageCacheTests.Readback.cs
@@ -93,6 +93,38 @@ public sealed partial class GuestImageCacheTests
         harness.Shutdown();
     }
 
+    // A title submits many command buffers per frame; collection after each of them must not age
+    // the textures it samples once a frame, or they are deleted and uploaded again every frame.
+    [Fact]
+    public void GarbageCollector_AgesImagesByFrameNotBySubmission()
+    {
+        if (!GatePrerequisites.Ready(_vulkan)) return;
+        using var harness = new CacheHarness(_vulkan);
+        var address = harness.MapBacked(0x400000, ReadWrite);
+        var request = Color32(address + 0x330000);
+        ResourceSlotIdentifier[] images = [harness.Find(ref request)];
+        harness.Worker.Run(() =>
+        {
+            harness.Images.SetCollectionThresholds(0, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, 1);
+            harness.Images.ResetRecency(images, 1);
+            for (var submission = 0; submission < 64; submission++)
+            {
+                harness.Images.RunGarbageCollector(endsFrame: false);
+            }
+        });
+        Assert.True(harness.Images.Contains(images[0]));
+
+        harness.Worker.Run(() =>
+        {
+            for (var frame = 0; frame < 64; frame++)
+            {
+                harness.Images.RunGarbageCollector(endsFrame: true);
+            }
+        });
+        Assert.False(harness.Images.Contains(images[0]));
+        harness.Shutdown();
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public void ScheduledReadback_PublishesAfterTheTickAndKeepsTheImage()
     {