diff --git a/crates/svg/src/import.rs b/crates/svg/src/import.rs
index 289693e8..231963e3 100644
--- a/crates/svg/src/import.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/src/import.rs
@@ -476,6 +476,9 @@ pub(super) struct Edits {
     list: Vec<(std::ops::Range<usize>, String)>,
     /// The ids made up so far, by element.
     ids: HashMap<roxmltree::NodeId, String>,
+    /// Declarations added to elements' `style`s, by element: (where they go, whether the element
+    /// has a `style` attribute, the declarations, XML-escaped).
+    styles: HashMap<roxmltree::NodeId, (usize, bool, String)>,
 }
 
 impl Edits {
@@ -505,9 +508,24 @@ impl Edits {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Add the declaration `decl` (XML-escaped already) to the `style` of element `n` (in `svg`),
+    /// after the ones already there (so it wins over them and over style sheet rules).
+    fn style(&mut self, svg: &str, n: XNode, decl: &str) {
+        let (_, _, decls) =
+            self.styles.entry(n.id()).or_insert_with(|| match n.attributes().find(|a| a.name() == "style" && a.namespace().is_none()) {
+                Some(a) => (a.range_value().end, true, String::new()),
+                None => (tag_name_end(svg, n), false, String::new()),
+            });
+        decls.push(';');
+        decls.push_str(decl);
+    }
+
     /// `svg` with the edits made; overlapping ones and ranges off character boundaries are
     /// skipped.
     fn apply(mut self, svg: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+        for (at, has_style, decls) in std::mem::take(&mut self.styles).into_values() {
+            self.insert(at, if has_style { decls } else { format!(" style=\"{}\"", &decls[1..]) });
+        }
         if self.list.is_empty() {
             return svg.into();
         }
@@ -534,12 +552,15 @@ impl Edits {
 ///   to come back hidden; one something links to (a `<use>` template) stays as it is;
 /// * shapes with a non-scaling stroke get an id when they have none, recorded ([`vector_effect`]);
 /// * linked files are read ([`files`]);
-/// * percentage lengths in a `<symbol>` with a `viewBox` become numbers ([`symbol_units`]).
+/// * percentage lengths in a `<symbol>` with a `viewBox` become numbers ([`symbol_units`]);
+/// * what style sheet rules with a `:not()` set goes in `style` attributes ([`not_rules`]).
 fn prepass<'s>(svg: &'s str, opts: &ImportOptions) -> (Cow<'s, str>, Found) {
     let mut found = Found::default();
     // (`:` for prefixed elements such as `<svg:image>`.)
     let css_transform = has_css_transform(svg);
+    let not = svg.contains(":not(");
     if !css_transform
+        && !not
         && !["<a", "display", "<use", ":use", "<image", ":image", vector_effect::NON_SCALING, "data-", "groupmode"].iter().any(|t| svg.contains(t))
     {
         return (svg.into(), found);
@@ -570,8 +591,12 @@ fn prepass<'s>(svg: &'s str, opts: &ImportOptions) -> (Cow<'s, str>, Found) {
         }
     }
     let (display, non_scaling) = (svg.contains("display"), svg.contains(vector_effect::NON_SCALING));
-    if display || non_scaling {
+    if display || non_scaling || not {
         let css = css::Styles::new(&xml);
+        // First: an undisplayed object shown for usvg is shown after these.
+        if not && css.has_not_rules() {
+            not_rules(svg, &xml, &css, &mut edits);
+        }
         if display {
             hidden_objects(svg, &xml, &css, &mut edits, &mut found.hidden);
         }
@@ -594,6 +619,18 @@ fn has_css_transform(svg: &str) -> bool {
     svg.match_indices("transform").any(|(i, t)| svg.get(i + t.len()..).is_some_and(|s| s.trim_start().starts_with(':')))
 }
 
+/// usvg's style sheets drop rules with a `:not()` selector (#1557). The properties such rules set
+/// on an element go in its `style` attribute, with the value that wins the cascade there (which
+/// can be another rule's or the attribute's own), so usvg reads what CSS would.
+fn not_rules(svg: &str, xml: &roxmltree::Document, css: &css::Styles, edits: &mut Edits) {
+    for n in xml.descendants().filter(XNode::is_element) {
+        for (name, value) in css.set_by_not_rules(n) {
+            let value = if name == "transform" { css_transform::to_svg(&value).unwrap_or(value) } else { value };
+            edits.style(svg, n, &crate::xml_escape(&format!("{name}:{value}")));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The elements that are objects (what [`hidden_objects`] shows).
 const OBJECTS: &[&str] = &["g", "a", "path", "rect", "circle", "ellipse", "line", "polyline", "polygon", "image", "text", "use"];
 
@@ -615,10 +652,7 @@ fn hidden_objects(svg: &str, xml: &roxmltree::Document, css: &css::Styles, edits
         }
         ids.insert(edits.id(svg, n));
         // A `style` declaration wins over the attribute and style sheet rules.
-        match n.attributes().find(|a| a.name() == "style" && a.namespace().is_none()) {
-            Some(a) => edits.insert(a.range_value().end, ";display:inline".to_string()),
-            None => edits.insert(tag_name_end(svg, n), " style=\"display:inline\"".to_string()),
-        }
+        edits.style(svg, n, "display:inline");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/svg/src/import/css.rs b/crates/svg/src/import/css.rs
index 172e93b1..5c87742e 100644
--- a/crates/svg/src/import/css.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/src/import/css.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! The style cascade for the `<text>` pre-pass: `<style>` rules, the `style` attribute and
 //! presentation attributes.
 //!
-//! Selectors: type, `*`, `#id`, any number of `.class`es and `[attr]` / `[attr=value]`, combined by
-//! descendant (space) and child (`>`) combinators. Rules with other selectors (pseudo-classes,
-//! sibling combinators, namespaces) never match, and at-rule blocks (`@media`, `@font-face`…) are
+//! Selectors: type, `*`, `#id`, any number of `.class`es, `[attr]` / `[attr=value]` and `:not()` of a
+//! list of those, combined by descendant (space) and child (`>`) combinators. Rules with other
+//! selectors (other pseudo-classes, sibling combinators, namespaces) never match, and at-rule blocks (`@media`, `@font-face`…) are
 //! skipped. Precedence: `!important`, then the `style` attribute, then specificity, then source
 //! order; a presentation attribute applies only when no rule sets the property.
 
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ struct Compound {
     id: Option<String>,
     classes: Vec<String>,
     attrs: Vec<(String, Option<String>)>,
+    /// The compounds of `:not()`s: the element must match none of them.
+    nots: Vec<Compound>,
 }
 
 impl Compound {
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ impl Compound {
             && self.id.as_deref().is_none_or(|id| n.attribute("id") == Some(id))
             && (self.classes.is_empty() || n.attribute("class").is_some_and(|c| self.classes.iter().all(|k| c.split_whitespace().any(|x| x == k))))
             && self.attrs.iter().all(|(a, v)| n.attribute(a.as_str()).is_some_and(|x| v.as_deref().is_none_or(|v| x == v)))
+            && !self.nots.iter().any(|c| c.matches(n))
     }
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +100,8 @@ impl Selector {
         let mut links: Vec<bool> = vec![];
         let mut cur: Option<Compound> = None;
         let mut link: Option<bool> = None;
+        // What the `:not()`s add: the specificity of each one's most specific argument.
+        let mut not_specificity = (0, 0, 0);
         let mut chars = s.trim().chars().peekable();
         while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
             if c.is_whitespace() || c == '>' {
@@ -141,6 +146,37 @@ impl Selector {
                     }
                     comp.attrs.push((name.to_string(), value));
                 }
+                ':' => {
+                    chars.next();
+                    if !ident(&mut chars)?.eq_ignore_ascii_case("not") || chars.next() != Some('(') {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    let mut depth = 1;
+                    let mut arg = String::new();
+                    for c in chars.by_ref() {
+                        match c {
+                            '(' => depth += 1,
+                            ')' => depth -= 1,
+                            _ => {}
+                        }
+                        if depth == 0 {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        arg.push(c);
+                    }
+                    if depth != 0 {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    // A list of compound selectors (each may hold a `:not()` of its own).
+                    let mut most = (0, 0, 0);
+                    for a in top_level_commas(&arg) {
+                        let s = Self::parse(a)?;
+                        let [(c, _)]: [(Compound, bool); 1] = s.parts.try_into().ok()?;
+                        most = most.max(s.specificity);
+                        comp.nots.push(c);
+                    }
+                    not_specificity = (not_specificity.0 + most.0, not_specificity.1 + most.1, not_specificity.2 + most.2);
+                }
                 c if is_ident(c) => comp.tag = Some(ident(&mut chars)?),
                 _ => return None,
             }
@@ -153,7 +189,7 @@ impl Selector {
         if comps.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
-        let mut specificity = (0, 0, 0);
+        let mut specificity = not_specificity;
         for c in &comps {
             specificity.0 += c.id.is_some() as u32;
             specificity.1 += (c.classes.len() + c.attrs.len()) as u32;
@@ -164,6 +200,10 @@ impl Selector {
         Some(Self { parts, specificity })
     }
 
+    fn has_not(&self) -> bool {
+        self.parts.iter().any(|(c, _)| !c.nots.is_empty())
+    }
+
     fn matches(&self, n: XNode) -> bool {
         fn go(parts: &[(Compound, bool)], n: XNode) -> bool {
             let Some(((c, child), rest)) = parts.split_first() else { return true };
@@ -233,6 +273,19 @@ impl Index {
     }
 }
 
+/// `list` split at the commas outside parentheses (those in a `:not()` stay).
+fn top_level_commas(list: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
+    let mut depth = 0usize;
+    list.split(move |c| {
+        match c {
+            '(' => depth += 1,
+            ')' => depth = depth.saturating_sub(1),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        c == ',' && depth == 0
+    })
+}
+
 /// Rules from every `<style>` element, in source order.
 fn parse_sheet(css: &str, out: &mut Vec<Rule>) {
     // Drop comments.
@@ -278,7 +331,7 @@ fn parse_sheet(css: &str, out: &mut Vec<Rule>) {
         }
         let close = s[open..].find('}').map_or(s.len(), |i| open + i);
         let decls = Rc::new(parse_decls(&s[open + 1..close]));
-        for sel in head.split(',') {
+        for sel in top_level_commas(head) {
             if let Some(selector) = Selector::parse(sel) {
                 out.push(Rule { selector, decls: decls.clone() });
             }
@@ -340,6 +393,27 @@ impl Styles {
         m
     }
 
+    /// Are there rules with a `:not()` (which usvg's style sheets drop)?
+    pub(super) fn has_not_rules(&self) -> bool {
+        self.rules.iter().any(|r| r.selector.has_not())
+    }
+
+    /// The properties rules with a `:not()` set on `n`, each with its value after the cascade.
+    pub(super) fn set_by_not_rules(&self, n: XNode) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+        let declared = self.declared(n);
+        let mut out: Vec<(String, String)> = Vec::new();
+        for r in self.rules.iter().filter(|r| r.selector.has_not() && r.selector.matches(n)) {
+            for (k, ..) in r.decls.iter() {
+                if !out.iter().any(|(o, _)| o == k)
+                    && let Some(v) = declared.get(k)
+                {
+                    out.push((k.clone(), v.clone()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
     /// A property specified on this element (rules and `style` beat the presentation attribute).
     pub(super) fn own(&self, n: XNode, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
         self.declared(n).get(name).cloned().or_else(|| n.attribute(name).map(|v| v.trim().to_string()))
@@ -591,7 +665,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn unsupported_selectors_are_dropped() {
-        for s in ["a + b", "a ~ b", "a:hover", "svg|text", "> a", "a >", ""] {
+        for s in ["a + b", "a ~ b", "a:hover", "svg|text", "> a", "a >", "", "a:not(b c)", "a:not(.x", "a:not(b > c)", "a:not(:hover)"] {
             assert!(Selector::parse(s).is_none(), "{s}");
         }
         let s = Selector::parse("g  >  text.x#y").unwrap();
@@ -599,4 +673,35 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(s.parts.len(), 2);
         assert!(s.parts[0].1, "text must be a child of g");
     }
+
+    /// #1557: `:not()` of a list of compound selectors; it counts as its most specific argument.
+    #[test]
+    fn not_selectors() {
+        assert_eq!(Selector::parse("rect:not(.keep)").unwrap().specificity, (0, 1, 1));
+        assert_eq!(Selector::parse("g :not(#a, .b.c, text)").unwrap().specificity, (1, 0, 1));
+        assert_eq!(Selector::parse(":not(rect):not([x])").unwrap().specificity, (0, 1, 1));
+        with_doc(
+            r#"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><style>
+            rect:not(.keep) { fill: green }
+            g > :not(rect, #t1) { stroke: blue }
+            :not(:not(.both)) { opacity: 0.5 }
+            .keep { fill: red }
+            </style>
+            <rect id="r0" fill="red"/><rect id="r1" class="keep"/>
+            <g><text id="t0">x</text><text id="t1">x</text><rect id="r2" class="both"/></g>
+            </svg>"#,
+            |doc, st| {
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "r0"), "fill").as_deref(), Some("green"));
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "r1"), "fill").as_deref(), Some("red"));
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "t0"), "stroke").as_deref(), Some("blue"));
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "t1"), "stroke"), None);
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "r2"), "stroke"), None);
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "r2"), "opacity").as_deref(), Some("0.5"));
+                assert_eq!(st.own(by_id(doc, "r0"), "opacity"), None);
+                assert!(st.has_not_rules());
+                assert_eq!(st.set_by_not_rules(by_id(doc, "r0")), [("fill".to_string(), "green".to_string())]);
+                assert!(st.set_by_not_rules(by_id(doc, "r1")).is_empty());
+            },
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/svg/tests/import_details.rs b/crates/svg/tests/import_details.rs
index 9929aff9..abd21972 100644
--- a/crates/svg/tests/import_details.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/tests/import_details.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,50 @@ fn css_transforms_move_objects() {
     assert!(near(b[2], -20.0, 0.0, 0.0, 50.0), "{:?}", b[2]);
 }
 
+/// #1557: style sheet rules with a `:not()` selector apply, with CSS precedence: against other
+/// rules, the `style` attribute, `!important`, and for a shape, a group (inherited) and a hidden
+/// object.
+#[test]
+fn not_selectors_apply() {
+    let d = import_with(
+        &svg(r##"<style>
+            rect:not(.keep) { fill: #00ff00 }
+            #b { fill: #0000ff }
+            g:not(.x) { fill: #00ffff }
+            .s:not(#z) { fill: #ff00ff }
+            .h:not(.shown) { display: none }
+            .t:not(.u) { transform: translate(100px, 0) }
+            .i:not(.u) { fill: #00ff00 !important }
+            </style>
+            <rect id="a" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="#ff0000"/>
+            <rect id="b" x="20" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="#ff0000"/>
+            <rect class="keep" x="40" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="#ff0000"/>
+            <g><circle cx="70" cy="10" r="10"/></g>
+            <rect class="s" x="80" y="0" width="20" height="20" style="fill:#ff0000"/>
+            <rect class="i" x="100" y="0" width="20" height="20" style="fill:#ff0000"/>
+            <rect class="h" x="0" y="40" width="20" height="20" fill="#000000"/>
+            <rect class="t" x="0" y="80" width="20" height="20" fill="#000000"/>"##),
+        &ImportOptions::default(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+    .0;
+    let im = render_artboard(&d);
+    let rgb = |x: u32, y: u32| {
+        let p = im.pixel(x, y);
+        [p[0], p[1], p[2]]
+    };
+    assert_eq!(rgb(10, 10), [0, 255, 0], "rect:not(.keep) beats the fill attribute");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(30, 10), [0, 0, 255], "#b is more specific");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(50, 10), [255, 0, 0], ".keep is left alone");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(70, 10), [0, 255, 255], "inherited from the group");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(90, 10), [255, 0, 0], "the style attribute wins");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(110, 10), [0, 255, 0], "!important beats the style attribute");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(10, 90), [255, 255, 255], "moved by the CSS transform");
+    assert_eq!(rgb(110, 90), [0, 255, 0]);
+    let hidden: Vec<&Node> = art(&d).into_iter().filter(|n| !n.visible).collect();
+    assert_eq!(hidden.len(), 1, "display: none from a :not() rule comes in as a hidden object");
+}
+
 /// #1561: percentages in a `<symbol>` with a `viewBox` are of the `viewBox`, so the symbol draws as
 /// the same one written with numbers.
 #[test]