Merge pull request #1516 from storytold/u/trace-photo

Image Trace: photos trace into smooth tones (smoothing first, stacked layers by lightness)

crates/trace/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 //!    colours: the blends that anti-aliasing and blur leave along edges take none of it, colours that
 //!    noise made of one colour are merged, and a blend pixel goes to one of the two colours it lies
 //!    between (see `quantize`).
+//!    A continuous-tone image (a photo) is first smoothed within its tones, edges kept (see
+//!    `smooth`): otherwise its noise decides, pixel by pixel, which of two neighbouring tones a
+//!    pixel gets, and every such pixel is a speck.
 //! 2. **Remove noise**: 4-connected same-colour components smaller than `noise` pixels are merged
 //!    into their most common neighbouring colour.
 //! 3. **Follow boundaries**: for each colour layer, the pixel-crack edges between inside and
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@ mod fit;
 mod logo;
 mod mosaic;
 mod quantize;
+mod smooth;
 mod subpixel;
 
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
@@ -457,6 +461,9 @@ pub fn trace_within(img: &Raster, params: &TraceParams, max_anchors: usize) -> R
     if params.mode == Mode::Logo {
         return logo::trace_logo(img, params, max_anchors);
     }
+    // A photo is traced from a copy with its noise smoothed away (see `smooth`).
+    let smoothed = (params.mode != Mode::BlackAndWhite && quantize::continuous_tone(img)).then(|| smooth::smoothed(img));
+    let img = smoothed.as_ref().unwrap_or(img);
     let mut q = quantize(img, params);
     denoise(&mut q.labels, w, h, params.noise as usize);
     // Pixel count per palette entry.
@@ -469,6 +476,19 @@ pub fn trace_within(img: &Raster, params: &TraceParams, max_anchors: usize) -> R
     // Layers bottom → top: largest area first.
     let mut order: Vec<usize> = (0..q.palette.len()).filter(|&i| counts[i] > 0).collect();
     order.sort_by(|a, b| counts[*b].cmp(&counts[*a]).then(a.cmp(b)));
+    if params.method == Method::Overlapping {
+        // Stacked layers go by lightness instead, from the largest colour's end of the scale: each
+        // layer reaches under all those above it, so where two colours meet, every layer between
+        // them in the stack ends on that same edge and shows through its anti-aliasing. Neighbours
+        // in a picture are mostly neighbours in tone, and in this order they are neighbours in the
+        // stack too (by area, an unrelated colour's edge would shine through as a hairline).
+        let light = |i: usize| q.palette.get(i).map_or(0, |c| u32::from(c[0]) * 299 + u32::from(c[1]) * 587 + u32::from(c[2]) * 114);
+        let first = order.first().copied();
+        order.sort_by(|a, b| light(*a).cmp(&light(*b)).then(a.cmp(b)));
+        if first.is_some_and(|f| order.iter().position(|&i| i == f).is_some_and(|at| at * 2 >= order.len())) {
+            order.reverse();
+        }
+    }
     let mut rank = vec![usize::MAX; q.palette.len()];
     for (r, &i) in order.iter().enumerate() {
         rank[i] = r;
@@ -538,6 +558,11 @@ struct Layers<'a> {
 }
 
 impl Layers<'_> {
+    /// Ignore White: white is no part of any layer (stacked layers reach under the layers above
+    /// them, and must not reach under white that is left out).
+    fn ignored(&self, label: u16) -> bool {
+        self.params.ignore_white && self.q.palette.get(label as usize).is_some_and(|c| is_white(*c))
+    }
     /// How far the edge lies from a crack between two pixels, towards the outside one (−0.5 to 0.5).
     ///
     /// Each pixel of the column across the crack is read as a blend of the tones on its two sides
@@ -649,7 +674,7 @@ impl Layers<'_> {
             .map(|(i, &l)| {
                 l != TRANSPARENT
                     && !thin.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(false)
-                    && if overlapping { self.rank.get(l as usize).is_some_and(|&lr| lr >= r) } else { l as usize == ci }
+                    && if overlapping { self.rank.get(l as usize).is_some_and(|&lr| lr >= r) && !self.ignored(l) } else { l as usize == ci }
             })
             .collect();
         // Without Fills, areas are outlined with a 1 px stroke.

crates/trace/src/quantize.rs

@@ -305,6 +305,35 @@ fn settled(mut q: Quantized, img: &Raster, own: &[bool]) -> Quantized {
     if changed { compact(q.labels, q.palette) } else { q }
 }
 
+/// Whether `img` is continuous tone (a photo, a gradient) rather than flat art, however noisy
+/// or unevenly lit (a scan): whether eight colours leave much of it unsaid. Flat art is a few
+/// colours and what noise and lighting make of them, and eight colours come within a few levels
+/// of every pixel; a photo's tones spread all through its range, and eight colours stay far from
+/// most of them (more than 6 levels, and more than a tenth of how far a single colour stays).
+pub(crate) fn continuous_tone(img: &Raster) -> bool {
+    let hk = HistKey::new(img);
+    let mut bins = vec![Bin::default(); 1 << 15];
+    for p in img.rgba.as_chunks::<4>().0 {
+        if p[3] >= 128 {
+            bins[hk.key(p[0], p[1], p[2])].add(p);
+        }
+    }
+    let used: Vec<Used> = bins.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, b)| b.n > 0).map(|(i, b)| (i, b.mean(), b.n as f64)).collect();
+    // The root-mean-square distance (levels) from the pixels to the nearest of `k` colours.
+    let unsaid = |k: usize| {
+        let colors = centers(&median_cut(&used, k, 0.0));
+        let (mut sum, mut n) = (0.0, 0.0);
+        for (_, c, weight) in &used {
+            let d2 = colors.iter().map(|m| (0..3).map(|ch| (m[ch] - c[ch]).powi(2)).sum::<f64>()).fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
+            sum += d2 * weight;
+            n += weight;
+        }
+        if n > 0.0 { (sum / n).sqrt() } else { 0.0 }
+    };
+    let eight = unsaid(8);
+    eight > 6.0 && eight > 0.1 * unsaid(1)
+}
+
 /// Drop unused palette entries and merge duplicates.
 fn compact(mut labels: Vec<u16>, palette: Vec<[u8; 3]>) -> Quantized {
     let mut used = vec![false; palette.len()];

crates/trace/src/smooth.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//! Edge-preserving smoothing of continuous-tone images before they are quantised.
+//!
+//! A photo's tones run into each other, and its noise is as large as the step from one palette
+//! colour to the next: quantised as it is, noise decides pixel by pixel which of two neighbouring
+//! colours a pixel gets, and the trace is tens of thousands of specks. Each pixel is averaged with
+//! its neighbours instead, each weighted by how alike it is (a bilateral filter: C. Tomasi and
+//! R. Manduchi, "Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images", 1998), so that noise within a tone
+//! is averaged away while an edge between two tones stays where and as sharp as it was. Three
+//! rounds, each along rows and then along columns, three pixels at a time.
+
+use crate::{Raster, parallel_map};
+
+/// Colours this far apart (levels, all channels together) count half as much as equal ones.
+const ALIKE: f64 = 20.0;
+
+/// One pass along rows (`dx = 1`) or columns (`dx = 0`).
+fn pass(src: &[u8], w: usize, h: usize, along_rows: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let rows: Vec<usize> = (0..h).collect();
+    let px = |x: usize, y: usize| src.get((y * w + x) * 4..(y * w + x) * 4 + 4);
+    let done = parallel_map(&rows, |&y| {
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(w * 4);
+        for x in 0..w {
+            let Some(p) = px(x, y) else { continue };
+            if p[3] < 128 {
+                out.extend_from_slice(p);
+                continue;
+            }
+            let near = if along_rows {
+                [(x > 0).then(|| (x - 1, y)), (x + 1 < w).then(|| (x + 1, y))]
+            } else {
+                [(y > 0).then(|| (x, y - 1)), (y + 1 < h).then(|| (x, y + 1))]
+            };
+            let (mut sum, mut weight) = ([f64::from(p[0]), f64::from(p[1]), f64::from(p[2])], 1.0);
+            for q in near.into_iter().flatten().filter_map(|(x, y)| px(x, y)).filter(|q| q[3] >= 128) {
+                let d2: f64 = (0..3).map(|k| (f64::from(q[k]) - f64::from(p[k])).powi(2)).sum();
+                let wt = 1.0 / (1.0 + d2 / (ALIKE * ALIKE)).powi(2);
+                for k in 0..3 {
+                    sum[k] += wt * f64::from(q[k]);
+                }
+                weight += wt;
+            }
+            out.extend(sum.map(|v| (v / weight).round() as u8));
+            out.push(p[3]);
+        }
+        out
+    });
+    done.concat()
+}
+
+/// `img` with the noise within its tones smoothed away and its edges kept.
+pub(crate) fn smoothed(img: &Raster) -> Raster {
+    let (w, h) = (img.width as usize, img.height as usize);
+    let mut rgba = img.rgba.clone();
+    if rgba.len() == w * h * 4 {
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            rgba = pass(&pass(&rgba, w, h, true), w, h, false);
+        }
+    }
+    Raster { width: img.width, height: img.height, rgba }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn noise_goes_and_an_edge_stays() {
+        // Left half about 60, right half about 160, with noise of ±6 on both.
+        let img = Raster::from_fn(40, 20, |x, y| {
+            let mut n = x.wrapping_mul(0x9E37_79B1) ^ y.wrapping_mul(0x85EB_CA77);
+            n ^= n >> 15;
+            n = n.wrapping_mul(0x2C1B_3C6D);
+            let n = ((n >> 12) % 13) as u8;
+            let v = if x < 20 { 54 + n } else { 154 + n };
+            [v, v, v, 255]
+        });
+        let out = smoothed(&img);
+        let spread = |r: &Raster, x0: u32, x1: u32| {
+            let v: Vec<u8> = (0..20).flat_map(|y| (x0..x1).map(move |x| (x, y))).map(|(x, y)| r.pixel(x, y)[0]).collect();
+            v.iter().max().unwrap() - v.iter().min().unwrap()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(spread(&img, 0, 20), 12);
+        assert!(spread(&out, 0, 20) <= 6 && spread(&out, 20, 40) <= 6, "{} {}", spread(&out, 0, 20), spread(&out, 20, 40));
+        // The edge is still one pixel sharp, where it was.
+        assert!(out.pixel(19, 10)[0] < 70 && out.pixel(20, 10)[0] > 150);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transparent_pixels_and_odd_sizes_pass_through() {
+        let img = Raster::from_fn(3, 1, |x, _| [10 * x as u8, 0, 0, if x == 1 { 0 } else { 255 }]);
+        let out = smoothed(&img);
+        assert_eq!(out.pixel(1, 0), [10, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!((out.width, out.height, out.rgba.len()), (3, 1, 12));
+        let broken = Raster { width: 4, height: 4, rgba: vec![0; 7] };
+        assert_eq!(smoothed(&broken).rgba.len(), 7);
+    }
+}

crates/trace/src/tests.rs

@@ -944,3 +944,45 @@ fn the_bands_of_a_gradient_stay_apart() {
     });
     assert!(quantize(&noisy, &sixteen_colors()).palette.len() >= 12);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn a_noisy_gradient_keeps_its_tones_without_specks() {
+    // Tones 0–255 across with noise larger than High Fidelity Photo's 64 steps are apart.
+    let img = Raster::from_fn(256, 96, |x, y| {
+        let c = |k: u32| (f64::from(x) + 5.0 * jitter(x, y, k)).round().clamp(0.0, 255.0) as u8;
+        [c(0), c(1), c(2), 255]
+    });
+    let params = preset("High Fidelity Photo").unwrap();
+    let res = trace(&img, &params);
+    // Smoothed first, the noise mixes fewer neighbouring tones into one (`quantize` alone works
+    // on the picture as it is), and leaves no specks.
+    let unsmoothed = quantize(&img, &params).palette.len();
+    assert!(res.palette.len() > unsmoothed && res.palette.len() >= 24, "{} colours, {unsmoothed} unsmoothed", res.palette.len());
+    assert!(res.paths.len() <= 2 * res.palette.len(), "{} paths of {} colours", res.paths.len(), res.palette.len());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn stacked_layers_go_by_lightness_and_leave_ignored_white_alone() {
+    // Stripes: black, white, mid gray, light gray (the widest).
+    let img = Raster::from_fn(100, 20, |x, _| {
+        let v = match x {
+            0..20 => 0,
+            20..40 => 255,
+            40..60 => 120,
+            _ => 200,
+        };
+        [v, v, v, 255]
+    });
+    let params = TraceParams { mode: Mode::Grayscale, colors: 4, noise: 0, method: Method::Overlapping, ..TraceParams::default() };
+    let tones = |res: &TraceResult| res.paths.iter().map(|p| p.color[0]).collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+    // The largest colour is light, so the stack starts at the light end.
+    // (Each layer reaches under those above it: under the black stripe too, a part of its own.)
+    assert_eq!(tones(&trace(&img, &params)), [255, 200, 200, 120, 120, 0]);
+    // Without white, no layer reaches under where it was.
+    let res = trace(&img, &TraceParams { ignore_white: true, ..params });
+    assert_eq!(tones(&res), [200, 200, 120, 120, 0]);
+    for p in &res.paths {
+        let b = p.path.bounds().unwrap();
+        assert!(b.x1 <= 20.5 || b.x0 >= 39.5, "a {} layer covers the white stripe: {b:?}", p.color[0]);
+    }
+}

docs/image-trace-quality.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Image Trace quality
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-13 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-13 · **Change:** minor (the palette: 16 Colors on flat art 70 to 4.2 paths, High Fidelity Photo 3,636 to 639)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-13 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-13 · **Change:** minor (photos: High Fidelity Photo 3,653 paths to 121 with its colour error down from 2.30 to 1.75)
 
 What Image Trace (`crates/trace`) makes of images whose right answer is known, measured by a harness and
 compared with the numbers before each change. Nothing here is a judgement by eye, and nothing is compared
@@ -72,17 +72,17 @@ Each preset on the inputs it is meant for, all sizes and variants.
 | Technical Drawing | polygons, star, letter A, lines | 2.66 | 13.45 | 0.201 | 1.37 | 105.76 | 4.8 | 32 | 2.23 | 100 | 85 | 5.9 | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | 0.0 |
 | Flat Logo | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.43 | 3.53 | 3.106 | 88.50 | 0.78 | 69.9 | 352 | 38.92 | 38 | 80 | 237.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 13.8 | – | 59.1 | 0.2 |
 
-### Now (sub-pixel edges and the palette)
+### Now (sub-pixel edges, the palette, photo smoothing)
 
 | preset | inputs | ΔE | edge ΔE | off mean | off max | missed max | paths | anchors | × art | lines % | corners % | kinks | odd colours | odd px | gap px | overlap px | specks | outside px |
 |:--|:--|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|
 | Default | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, polygons, star, letter A | 2.60 | 10.12 | 0.091 | 1.02 | 2.17 | 1.9 | 18 | 1.81 | 29 | 68 | 0.4 | – | – | 22.2 | 22.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.37 | 2.59 | – | – | – | 638.7 | 25604 | – | 29 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 151.5 | 0.5 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.67 | 2.93 | – | – | – | 55.3 | 5019 | – | 36 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 1.75 | 1.98 | – | – | – | 120.7 | 9818 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 10.3 | 0.1 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.45 | 2.69 | – | – | – | 37.1 | 2132 | – | 44 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 3 Colors | two touching halves | 0.43 | 4.32 | 0.087 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 2.0 | 9 | 1.57 | 39 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 48.6 | 29.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 6 Colors | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.56 | 5.01 | 0.137 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 4.0 | 50 | 3.15 | 40 | 88 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 39.0 | 35.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.55 | 4.89 | 0.133 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 4.2 | 66 | 3.97 | 41 | 88 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 34.5 | 26.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo-like | 9.33 | 9.15 | – | – | – | 72.8 | 2681 | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 1.9 | 0.8 |
+| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo-like | 9.26 | 9.06 | – | – | – | 16.5 | 879 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.4 | 0.8 |
 | Black and White Logo | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, polygons, star, letter A | 2.58 | 9.39 | 0.064 | 1.00 | 2.18 | 1.4 | 27 | 2.73 | 40 | 67 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Sketched Art | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, lines | 2.71 | 12.11 | 0.195 | 1.00 | 105.54 | 1.8 | 17 | 1.49 | 16 | 86 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Silhouettes | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D | 2.98 | 19.28 | 0.532 | 2.24 | 2.24 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.65 | 12 | 79 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Each preset on the inputs it is meant for, all sizes and variants.
 | Technical Drawing | polygons, star, letter A, lines | 2.53 | 9.47 | 0.086 | 0.99 | 105.85 | 4.8 | 57 | 3.73 | 69 | 74 | 0.7 | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | 0.0 |
 | Flat Logo | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.43 | 3.53 | 3.106 | 88.50 | 0.78 | 69.9 | 352 | 38.92 | 38 | 80 | 237.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 13.8 | – | 59.1 | 0.2 |
 
-The sections below are the numbers now (sub-pixel edges and the palette).
+The sections below are the numbers now (sub-pixel edges, the palette, photo smoothing).
 
 ## 1. Each preset on the inputs it is meant for
 
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ All sizes and variants (clean, aliased, blurred, noisy, scanned) of those inputs
 | preset | inputs | ΔE | edge ΔE | off mean | off max | missed max | paths | anchors | × art | lines % | corners % | kinks | odd colours | odd px | gap px | overlap px | specks | outside px |
 |:--|:--|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|
 | Default | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, polygons, star, letter A | 2.60 | 10.12 | 0.091 | 1.02 | 2.17 | 1.9 | 18 | 1.81 | 29 | 68 | 0.4 | – | – | 22.2 | 22.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.37 | 2.59 | – | – | – | 638.7 | 25604 | – | 29 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 151.5 | 0.5 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.67 | 2.93 | – | – | – | 55.3 | 5019 | – | 36 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 1.75 | 1.98 | – | – | – | 120.7 | 9818 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 10.3 | 0.1 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo-like | 2.45 | 2.69 | – | – | – | 37.1 | 2132 | – | 44 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 3 Colors | two touching halves | 0.43 | 4.32 | 0.087 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 2.0 | 9 | 1.57 | 39 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 48.6 | 29.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 6 Colors | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.56 | 5.01 | 0.137 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 4.0 | 50 | 3.15 | 40 | 88 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 39.0 | 35.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | two touching halves, four-colour badge | 0.55 | 4.89 | 0.133 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 4.2 | 66 | 3.97 | 41 | 88 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 34.5 | 26.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo-like | 9.33 | 9.15 | – | – | – | 72.8 | 2681 | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 1.9 | 0.8 |
+| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo-like | 9.26 | 9.06 | – | – | – | 16.5 | 879 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.4 | 0.8 |
 | Black and White Logo | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, polygons, star, letter A | 2.58 | 9.39 | 0.064 | 1.00 | 2.18 | 1.4 | 27 | 2.73 | 40 | 67 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Sketched Art | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D, lines | 2.71 | 12.11 | 0.195 | 1.00 | 105.54 | 1.8 | 17 | 1.49 | 16 | 86 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Silhouettes | circle, ellipses, badge with a hole, letter D | 2.98 | 19.28 | 0.532 | 2.24 | 2.24 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.65 | 12 | 79 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
@@ -123,34 +123,34 @@ All sizes and variants (clean, aliased, blurred, noisy, scanned) of those inputs
 | Default | gradient, photo | 39.13 | 38.78 | – | – | – | 3.2 | 698 | – | 57 | – | – | – | – | 31.2 | 40.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
 | High Fidelity Photo | curved shapes | 0.04 | 1.74 | 0.026 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 1.2 | 20 | 2.17 | 21 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | High Fidelity Photo | polygons | 0.05 | 1.92 | 0.031 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 1.7 | 17 | 1.50 | 87 | 88 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | thin lines | 0.17 | 2.58 | 0.135 | 0.85 | 4.31 | 33.3 | 264 | 13.20 | 46 | – | – | 20.7 | 425 | 0.0 | – | 3.3 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | flat colour art | 0.08 | 2.31 | 0.033 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 4.0 | 31 | 2.50 | 38 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo | 2.46 | 2.67 | – | – | – | 428.3 | 22245 | – | 30 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 54.5 | 0.3 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | thin lines | 0.34 | 6.00 | 0.076 | 0.85 | 4.31 | 40.3 | 333 | 16.67 | 37 | – | – | 27.3 | 4489 | 0.0 | – | 19.0 | 0.0 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | flat colour art | 0.14 | 4.17 | 0.028 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 3.5 | 71 | 4.44 | 35 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo | 1.80 | 2.05 | – | – | – | 134.7 | 11186 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 7.7 | 0.1 |
 | Low Fidelity Photo | curved shapes | 0.06 | 2.65 | 0.045 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.53 | 19 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Low Fidelity Photo | polygons | 0.06 | 2.25 | 0.037 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 1.7 | 14 | 1.25 | 86 | 88 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | thin lines | 0.47 | 4.44 | 0.140 | 0.86 | 45.38 | 5.0 | 37 | 1.85 | 61 | – | – | 1.0 | 265 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | flat colour art | 0.09 | 2.61 | 0.048 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 4.0 | 25 | 1.88 | 36 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo | 2.77 | 3.04 | – | – | – | 52.7 | 5273 | – | 35 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | thin lines | 0.51 | 5.73 | 0.081 | 0.86 | 45.38 | 7.0 | 56 | 2.80 | 47 | – | – | 4.0 | 3974 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | flat colour art | 0.15 | 4.33 | 0.046 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 3.5 | 55 | 3.38 | 32 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | gradient, photo | 2.53 | 2.80 | – | – | – | 42.7 | 2289 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 3 Colors | curved shapes | 0.06 | 2.65 | 0.046 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 1.8 | 16 | 1.77 | 16 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 3 Colors | polygons | 0.06 | 2.25 | 0.037 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 2.0 | 15 | 1.35 | 86 | 88 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 3 Colors | thin lines | 0.44 | 4.40 | 0.107 | 0.90 | 45.38 | 5.0 | 44 | 2.22 | 49 | – | – | 2.0 | 290 | 23.8 | 27.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 3 Colors | flat colour art | 1.32 | 3.85 | 0.113 | 0.90 | 60.22 | 2.5 | 24 | 1.77 | 46 | 100 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 9919 | 30.3 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| 3 Colors | gradient, photo | 7.49 | 7.60 | – | – | – | 5.0 | 801 | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | 30.2 | 45.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| 3 Colors | gradient, photo | 7.49 | 7.60 | – | – | – | 5.7 | 532 | – | 48 | – | – | – | – | 25.5 | 26.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 6 Colors | curved shapes | 0.06 | 2.38 | 0.042 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 1.8 | 17 | 1.86 | 17 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 17.9 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 6 Colors | polygons | 0.05 | 2.07 | 0.034 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 2.0 | 16 | 1.42 | 86 | 88 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 6 Colors | thin lines | 0.50 | 4.54 | 0.096 | 0.86 | 45.38 | 4.0 | 32 | 1.60 | 53 | – | – | 1.7 | 398 | 18.5 | 22.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 6 Colors | flat colour art | 0.12 | 2.66 | 0.044 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 3.0 | 28 | 2.00 | 43 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| 6 Colors | gradient, photo | 5.03 | 5.30 | – | – | – | 20.7 | 1735 | – | 40 | – | – | – | – | 61.6 | 102.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| 6 Colors | gradient, photo | 5.01 | 5.30 | – | – | – | 13.0 | 833 | – | 36 | – | – | – | – | 42.6 | 37.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 16 Colors | curved shapes | 0.05 | 2.26 | 0.038 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 1.8 | 18 | 1.93 | 17 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | polygons | 0.05 | 2.02 | 0.034 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 2.0 | 16 | 1.44 | 86 | 88 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | thin lines | 0.41 | 3.87 | 0.103 | 0.86 | 23.65 | 8.7 | 50 | 2.52 | 51 | – | – | 5.7 | 305 | 18.4 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | flat colour art | 0.12 | 2.53 | 0.041 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 3.0 | 28 | 2.07 | 44 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 19.8 | 19.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| 16 Colors | gradient, photo | 3.12 | 3.44 | – | – | – | 50.7 | 3313 | – | 34 | – | – | – | – | 121.9 | 183.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| 16 Colors | gradient, photo | 3.02 | 3.33 | – | – | – | 47.2 | 2154 | – | 29 | – | – | – | – | 89.7 | 80.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
 | Shades of Gray | curved shapes | 0.06 | 2.72 | 0.046 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.56 | 18 | 92 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Shades of Gray | polygons | 0.05 | 1.97 | 0.033 | 0.42 | 1.26 | 1.7 | 14 | 1.21 | 89 | 91 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | thin lines | 0.49 | 4.80 | 0.142 | 0.86 | 45.38 | 9.0 | 54 | 2.70 | 63 | – | – | 6.0 | 472 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | flat colour art | 7.34 | 10.80 | 0.384 | 1.40 | 179.38 | 12.5 | 108 | 9.54 | 43 | 50 | 30.0 | 11.2 | 39147 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo | 9.73 | 9.61 | – | – | – | 81.8 | 3187 | – | 51 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 2.2 | 0.8 |
+| Shades of Gray | thin lines | 0.56 | 6.69 | 0.078 | 0.86 | 45.38 | 10.3 | 71 | 3.57 | 49 | – | – | 8.0 | 4283 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
+| Shades of Gray | flat colour art | 7.33 | 11.25 | 0.264 | 1.47 | 179.38 | 4.7 | 214 | 19.86 | 24 | 50 | 0.3 | 3.7 | 173356 | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
+| Shades of Gray | gradient, photo | 9.71 | 9.55 | – | – | – | 18.2 | 955 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.8 |
 | Black and White Logo | curved shapes | 0.04 | 1.52 | 0.024 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 1.2 | 21 | 2.25 | 21 | 75 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Black and White Logo | polygons | 0.04 | 1.83 | 0.030 | 0.45 | 1.23 | 1.7 | 15 | 1.34 | 89 | 90 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Black and White Logo | thin lines | 0.50 | 4.22 | 0.065 | 0.50 | 77.21 | 10.3 | 66 | 3.30 | 65 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
@@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ All sizes and variants (clean, aliased, blurred, noisy, scanned) of those inputs
 | Default | blurred | 0.82 | 16.65 | 0.078 | 0.86 | 2.17 | 1.9 | 26 | 2.50 | 7 | 19 | 1.6 | – | – | 23.0 | 23.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Default | noisy | 1.74 | 4.55 | 0.052 | 0.57 | 1.23 | 1.9 | 16 | 1.64 | 38 | 67 | 0.0 | – | – | 16.2 | 15.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Default | scanned | 15.06 | 20.24 | 0.134 | 0.87 | 2.17 | 1.9 | 26 | 2.53 | 0 | 25 | 1.0 | – | – | 20.8 | 24.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | clean | 2.46 | 2.67 | – | – | – | 428.3 | 22245 | – | 30 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 54.5 | 0.3 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | aliased | 2.32 | 2.54 | – | – | – | 239.0 | 15797 | – | 28 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 25.5 | 0.3 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | blurred | 1.84 | 2.29 | – | – | – | 406.0 | 23561 | – | 24 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 39.0 | 0.1 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | noisy | 2.84 | 3.01 | – | – | – | 1455.0 | 39709 | – | 20 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 479.0 | 0.5 |
-| High Fidelity Photo | scanned | 2.19 | 2.29 | – | – | – | 1086.0 | 33427 | – | 38 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 353.5 | 0.3 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | clean | 2.77 | 3.04 | – | – | – | 52.7 | 5273 | – | 35 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | aliased | 2.83 | 3.08 | – | – | – | 64.0 | 3798 | – | 36 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | blurred | 2.47 | 2.92 | – | – | – | 40.5 | 3229 | – | 31 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | noisy | 2.99 | 3.17 | – | – | – | 72.5 | 6536 | – | 38 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | scanned | 2.09 | 2.19 | – | – | – | 52.0 | 5754 | – | 41 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | clean | 1.80 | 2.05 | – | – | – | 134.7 | 11186 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 7.7 | 0.1 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | aliased | 1.78 | 2.01 | – | – | – | 73.0 | 7695 | – | 45 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 5.5 | 0.1 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | blurred | 1.59 | 1.95 | – | – | – | 72.0 | 7184 | – | 45 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.1 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | noisy | 2.02 | 2.19 | – | – | – | 155.5 | 10562 | – | 38 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 18.5 | 0.1 |
+| High Fidelity Photo | scanned | 1.45 | 1.55 | – | – | – | 140.5 | 9726 | – | 41 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 24.5 | 0.1 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | clean | 2.53 | 2.80 | – | – | – | 42.7 | 2289 | – | 43 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | aliased | 2.53 | 2.78 | – | – | – | 36.5 | 1504 | – | 46 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | blurred | 2.35 | 2.75 | – | – | – | 29.0 | 2004 | – | 45 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | noisy | 2.70 | 2.85 | – | – | – | 32.0 | 1960 | – | 46 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | scanned | 1.95 | 2.05 | – | – | – | 34.5 | 2588 | – | 42 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
 | 3 Colors | clean | 0.07 | 2.53 | 0.051 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 2.0 | 10 | 1.61 | 39 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 40.0 | 25.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 3 Colors | aliased | 0.18 | 9.81 | 0.236 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 2.0 | 7 | 1.17 | 39 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 123.2 | 82.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 3 Colors | blurred | 0.33 | 7.80 | 0.088 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 2.0 | 10 | 1.67 | 39 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 29.7 | 18.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ All sizes and variants (clean, aliased, blurred, noisy, scanned) of those inputs
 | 16 Colors | blurred | 0.62 | 9.37 | 0.250 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 7.0 | 157 | 8.43 | 44 | 50 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 27.8 | 38.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | noisy | 0.85 | 2.34 | 0.042 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 3.0 | 32 | 2.27 | 34 | 100 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 23.4 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | 16 Colors | scanned | 1.74 | 4.56 | 0.243 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 7.5 | 156 | 8.53 | 32 | 62 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 53.3 | 20.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-| Shades of Gray | clean | 9.73 | 9.61 | – | – | – | 81.8 | 3187 | – | 51 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 2.2 | 0.8 |
-| Shades of Gray | aliased | 9.73 | 9.58 | – | – | – | 80.0 | 2429 | – | 54 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 3.0 | 0.8 |
-| Shades of Gray | blurred | 9.69 | 9.39 | – | – | – | 62.0 | 1644 | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 1.0 | 0.7 |
-| Shades of Gray | noisy | 9.79 | 9.50 | – | – | – | 72.5 | 2703 | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 2.0 | 0.2 |
-| Shades of Gray | scanned | 6.87 | 6.77 | – | – | – | 49.5 | 2430 | – | 44 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 1.0 | 0.2 |
+| Shades of Gray | clean | 9.71 | 9.55 | – | – | – | 18.2 | 955 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.8 |
+| Shades of Gray | aliased | 9.70 | 9.52 | – | – | – | 11.0 | 788 | – | 58 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.7 |
+| Shades of Gray | blurred | 9.66 | 9.32 | – | – | – | 11.5 | 729 | – | 56 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.7 |
+| Shades of Gray | noisy | 9.74 | 9.44 | – | – | – | 19.5 | 823 | – | 47 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | 0.2 |
+| Shades of Gray | scanned | 6.58 | 6.46 | – | – | – | 19.0 | 947 | – | 49 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | – | 0.5 | 0.2 |
 | Black and White Logo | clean | 0.04 | 1.65 | 0.027 | 0.50 | 1.23 | 1.4 | 18 | 1.86 | 50 | 86 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Black and White Logo | aliased | 0.39 | 20.41 | 0.176 | 1.00 | 1.34 | 1.4 | 24 | 2.47 | 53 | 98 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 | Black and White Logo | blurred | 0.81 | 16.37 | 0.047 | 0.80 | 2.18 | 1.4 | 39 | 3.78 | 23 | 19 | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 |
@@ -284,18 +284,18 @@ One trace at a time on this machine (all cores); memory is the peak allocated ab
 |:--|:--|--:|:--|
 | Default | photo-like | 1 | 0.05 s, 29 paths, 7947 anchors, 15 MB |
 | Default | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.03 s, 3 paths, 106 anchors, 15 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 1 | 0.42 s, 4298 paths, 260070 anchors, 143 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 7 paths, 66 anchors, 34 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 1 | 0.14 s, 245 paths, 52047 anchors, 118 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 7 paths, 54 anchors, 34 MB |
-| 3 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.07 s, 11 paths, 7582 anchors, 22 MB |
-| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.04 s, 4 paths, 79 anchors, 21 MB |
-| 6 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.09 s, 143 paths, 20207 anchors, 38 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 1 | 0.25 s, 968 paths, 113205 anchors, 238 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.06 s, 6 paths, 192 anchors, 34 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 1 | 0.13 s, 129 paths, 22788 anchors, 141 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 6 paths, 144 anchors, 36 MB |
+| 3 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.07 s, 9 paths, 3391 anchors, 26 MB |
+| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 4 paths, 79 anchors, 21 MB |
+| 6 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.08 s, 78 paths, 9239 anchors, 42 MB |
 | 6 Colors | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 5 paths, 89 anchors, 33 MB |
-| 16 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.12 s, 403 paths, 39143 anchors, 95 MB |
+| 16 Colors | photo-like | 1 | 0.11 s, 178 paths, 21069 anchors, 102 MB |
 | 16 Colors | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 5 paths, 92 anchors, 33 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 1 | 0.12 s, 447 paths, 31045 anchors, 53 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.05 s, 36 paths, 292 anchors, 51 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 1 | 0.09 s, 82 paths, 8511 anchors, 65 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.06 s, 10 paths, 780 anchors, 56 MB |
 | Black and White Logo | photo-like | 1 | 0.05 s, 71 paths, 9067 anchors, 9 MB |
 | Black and White Logo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.02 s, 1 paths, 58 anchors, 8 MB |
 | Sketched Art | photo-like | 1 | 0.05 s, 5 paths, 3207 anchors, 9 MB |
@@ -307,64 +307,65 @@ One trace at a time on this machine (all cores); memory is the peak allocated ab
 | Technical Drawing | photo-like | 1 | 0.06 s, 221 paths, 10646 anchors, 9 MB |
 | Technical Drawing | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.02 s, 1 paths, 58 anchors, 8 MB |
 | Flat Logo | photo-like | 1 | refused after 0.09 s (not flat art), 40 MB |
-| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.65 s, 5 paths, 78 anchors, 146 MB |
-| Default | photo-like | 4 | 0.21 s, 48 paths, 20717 anchors, 60 MB |
+| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 1 | 0.64 s, 5 paths, 78 anchors, 146 MB |
+| Default | photo-like | 4 | 0.19 s, 48 paths, 20717 anchors, 60 MB |
 | Default | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.10 s, 3 paths, 148 anchors, 64 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 4 | 1.75 s, 27583 paths, 1089750 anchors, 784 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.22 s, 7 paths, 93 anchors, 126 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 4 | 0.46 s, 764 paths, 138552 anchors, 469 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.22 s, 7 paths, 74 anchors, 126 MB |
-| 3 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.27 s, 22 paths, 16576 anchors, 88 MB |
-| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.17 s, 4 paths, 122 anchors, 84 MB |
-| 6 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.30 s, 358 paths, 54088 anchors, 153 MB |
-| 6 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.18 s, 5 paths, 116 anchors, 128 MB |
-| 16 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.41 s, 1475 paths, 113487 anchors, 393 MB |
-| 16 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.17 s, 5 paths, 124 anchors, 128 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 4 | 0.38 s, 1289 paths, 83191 anchors, 212 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.25 s, 37 paths, 428 anchors, 197 MB |
-| Black and White Logo | photo-like | 4 | 0.22 s, 208 paths, 25916 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Black and White Logo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.09 s, 1 paths, 64 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Sketched Art | photo-like | 4 | 0.22 s, 9 paths, 6875 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Sketched Art | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.09 s, 2 paths, 279 anchors, 36 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 4 | 0.88 s, 4475 paths, 344985 anchors, 964 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.22 s, 6 paths, 216 anchors, 152 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 4 | 0.38 s, 304 paths, 61608 anchors, 592 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.23 s, 6 paths, 169 anchors, 152 MB |
+| 3 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.28 s, 20 paths, 8647 anchors, 104 MB |
+| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.18 s, 4 paths, 122 anchors, 84 MB |
+| 6 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.27 s, 115 paths, 24075 anchors, 165 MB |
+| 6 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.19 s, 5 paths, 116 anchors, 128 MB |
+| 16 Colors | photo-like | 4 | 0.33 s, 353 paths, 54215 anchors, 380 MB |
+| 16 Colors | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.18 s, 5 paths, 124 anchors, 128 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 4 | 0.29 s, 137 paths, 22704 anchors, 232 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.27 s, 10 paths, 1234 anchors, 220 MB |
+| Black and White Logo | photo-like | 4 | 0.21 s, 208 paths, 25916 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Black and White Logo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.08 s, 1 paths, 64 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Sketched Art | photo-like | 4 | 0.21 s, 9 paths, 6875 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Sketched Art | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.08 s, 2 paths, 279 anchors, 36 MB |
 | Silhouettes | photo-like | 4 | 0.18 s, 2 paths, 2133 anchors, 44 MB |
-| Silhouettes | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.09 s, 1 paths, 32 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Silhouettes | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.10 s, 1 paths, 32 anchors, 36 MB |
 | Line Art | photo-like | 4 | 0.21 s, 127 paths, 12595 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Line Art | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.09 s, 1 paths, 465 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Technical Drawing | photo-like | 4 | 0.23 s, 931 paths, 33946 anchors, 36 MB |
-| Technical Drawing | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.09 s, 1 paths, 64 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Line Art | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.08 s, 1 paths, 465 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Technical Drawing | photo-like | 4 | 0.22 s, 931 paths, 33946 anchors, 36 MB |
+| Technical Drawing | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.08 s, 1 paths, 64 anchors, 36 MB |
 | Flat Logo | photo-like | 4 | refused after 0.10 s (not flat art), 40 MB |
-| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.65 s, 5 paths, 69 anchors, 146 MB |
-| Default | photo-like | 16 | 1.13 s, 127 paths, 46199 anchors, 256 MB |
-| Default | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.51 s, 3 paths, 284 anchors, 240 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 16 | refused after 5.01 s (over 2,000,000 anchors), 3055 MB |
-| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.00 s, 7 paths, 100 anchors, 504 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 16 | 1.60 s, 3759 paths, 363242 anchors, 1757 MB |
-| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.01 s, 7 paths, 79 anchors, 504 MB |
-| 3 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.30 s, 118 paths, 41993 anchors, 352 MB |
-| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.77 s, 4 paths, 179 anchors, 336 MB |
-| 6 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.34 s, 1677 paths, 155283 anchors, 601 MB |
-| 6 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.79 s, 5 paths, 118 anchors, 500 MB |
-| 16 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.73 s, 8717 paths, 394936 anchors, 1571 MB |
-| 16 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.82 s, 5 paths, 120 anchors, 512 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 16 | 1.50 s, 5996 paths, 256732 anchors, 789 MB |
-| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.26 s, 38 paths, 593 anchors, 692 MB |
-| Black and White Logo | photo-like | 16 | 1.16 s, 1128 paths, 77629 anchors, 144 MB |
-| Black and White Logo | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.42 s, 1 paths, 103 anchors, 128 MB |
-| Sketched Art | photo-like | 16 | 1.13 s, 15 paths, 17817 anchors, 144 MB |
-| Sketched Art | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.45 s, 2 paths, 478 anchors, 128 MB |
-| Silhouettes | photo-like | 16 | 1.37 s, 3 paths, 4891 anchors, 176 MB |
-| Silhouettes | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.54 s, 1 paths, 44 anchors, 144 MB |
-| Line Art | photo-like | 16 | 1.22 s, 713 paths, 64481 anchors, 144 MB |
+| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 4 | 0.66 s, 5 paths, 69 anchors, 146 MB |
+| Default | photo-like | 16 | 1.08 s, 127 paths, 46199 anchors, 256 MB |
+| Default | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.46 s, 3 paths, 284 anchors, 240 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 16 | 3.48 s, 31131 paths, 1254672 anchors, 3954 MB |
+| High Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.07 s, 6 paths, 248 anchors, 576 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | photo-like | 16 | 1.57 s, 2036 paths, 185091 anchors, 2050 MB |
+| Low Fidelity Photo | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.08 s, 6 paths, 188 anchors, 576 MB |
+| 3 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.27 s, 76 paths, 23365 anchors, 416 MB |
+| 3 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.80 s, 4 paths, 179 anchors, 336 MB |
+| 6 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.17 s, 470 paths, 63030 anchors, 673 MB |
+| 6 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.84 s, 5 paths, 118 anchors, 512 MB |
+| 16 Colors | photo-like | 16 | 1.30 s, 1973 paths, 149717 anchors, 1633 MB |
+| 16 Colors | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.84 s, 5 paths, 120 anchors, 504 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | photo-like | 16 | 1.32 s, 688 paths, 65052 anchors, 850 MB |
+| Shades of Gray | four-colour badge | 16 | 1.28 s, 9 paths, 2296 anchors, 800 MB |
+| Black and White Logo | photo-like | 16 | 1.04 s, 1128 paths, 77629 anchors, 144 MB |
+| Black and White Logo | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.45 s, 1 paths, 103 anchors, 128 MB |
+| Sketched Art | photo-like | 16 | 1.15 s, 15 paths, 17817 anchors, 144 MB |
+| Sketched Art | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.48 s, 2 paths, 478 anchors, 128 MB |
+| Silhouettes | photo-like | 16 | 1.40 s, 3 paths, 4891 anchors, 176 MB |
+| Silhouettes | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.55 s, 1 paths, 44 anchors, 144 MB |
+| Line Art | photo-like | 16 | 1.21 s, 713 paths, 64481 anchors, 144 MB |
 | Line Art | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.45 s, 1 paths, 786 anchors, 128 MB |
-| Technical Drawing | photo-like | 16 | 1.37 s, 4578 paths, 114292 anchors, 144 MB |
-| Technical Drawing | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.43 s, 1 paths, 103 anchors, 128 MB |
+| Technical Drawing | photo-like | 16 | 1.20 s, 4578 paths, 114292 anchors, 144 MB |
+| Technical Drawing | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.44 s, 1 paths, 103 anchors, 128 MB |
 | Flat Logo | photo-like | 16 | refused after 0.11 s (not flat art), 40 MB |
-| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.67 s, 5 paths, 67 anchors, 146 MB |
+| Flat Logo | four-colour badge | 16 | 0.66 s, 5 paths, 67 anchors, 146 MB |
 
 ## Revision history
 
 | date | change |
 |:--|:--|
+| 2026-10-13 | Photos: continuous-tone images are smoothed within their tones before quantising, and stacked layers go by lightness |
 | 2026-10-13 | The palette: made of the picture's own colours, noise-made colours merged, blend pixels settled, cuts where colours differ most, colours compared in Oklab |
 | 2026-10-13 | Sub-pixel edges and the outline fitter in Black and White, Grayscale and Color; the harness gains an aliased variant and an "outside px" column, so the baseline was measured again with it (same tracer, main at `baf9693f`) |
 | 2026-10-12 | The harness and the baseline: every preset measured before any change to the tracer |