diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index 7a5a1b14..23a8c946 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
   - Hint bar, contextual task bar, 19 dock panels with ≡ menus.
   - Tool flyouts tear off: dragging or clicking the tear-off bar on a flyout's right side (or releasing the long press over it) floats its group as a strip of tool buttons, moved by the same bar and put back in the toolbar by the × at its top (`window.floatTools`). While a group floats, the presses that would open its flyout raise the strip instead. Floating strips are kept with the preferences and in user workspaces. Not done: turning a strip vertical, docking it.
   - The dock's double arrow collapses Properties, Layers and Libraries to icons at the top of the icon column, popping out like the other icon panels, and expands them again (`window.collapseDock`, kept with the preferences and in saved workspaces). The icon column's own arrow (expanding the icon panels into a full column) is not done.
-  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Simplified Chinese (mainland), Japanese and Spanish ship complete, and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese cover every menu label (and more), with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows and Linux, a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
+  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Simplified Chinese (mainland), Japanese and Spanish ship complete, and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese cover every menu label (and more), with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows, Linux and the web (the browser's languages, or `?lang=`), a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
   - Native macOS menu bar, vector tool cursors, a ⌘K command palette, middle-button panning with any tool.
   - macOS: Finder opens every format File › Open reads with VectorCraft (double-click, Open With, a drop on the Dock icon, `open -a`), at launch or while it runs; the release and `cargo xtask bundle` apps share one `Info.plist` that declares those document types, owning only VectorCraft's own formats.
   - A canvas context menu: right-click selects the object under the pointer and lists what applies to the selection (Undo/Redo, clipboard, group, isolation, join, Remove Anchor Points when anchors are selected, masks, compound paths, guides, Transform, Arrange, Select, Export Selection), or the view commands on empty canvas.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
   - Pathfinder (10 exact curve booleans), Offset, Outline Stroke, Simplify, Clean Up, Split Into Grid, Divide Objects Below. Object › Path › Remove Anchor Points (`path.removeAnchors`) removes the direct-selected anchors without opening their paths (the Delete key still deletes them with their segments): the neighbours keep their handle directions and their facing handles are refitted so one cubic follows the two old segments, and straight sides stay straight. The Delete Anchor Point tool uses the same refit. The Control bar, the contextual task bar, the Properties quick actions and the canvas context menu offer it when anchors are selected.
   - Live effects with previewing dialogs: Distort & Transform, Path, Convert to Shape, 15 Warp styles, Round Corners, Scribble, Effect → Pathfinder (all 10 operations, live on groups; several loose objects are grouped first, in one undo step), Color Adjustments (Brightness/Contrast, Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation, Shift to Color, Temperature/Tint, on vectors, live type and embedded images), and raster drop shadow, glows and feather. SVG and PDF export keep live effects (geometry baked; SVG raster effects as filters).
 - **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity) and Options (Flip, Align to Path, Spacing; OK keeps the type where it is), type on a path's start, centre and end brackets (Selection and Direct Selection drag them to set where the type runs, slide it along its path and, across the path, flip it: #429), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline. Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done. Hebrew and Arabic are laid out right to left with the Unicode bidirectional algorithm (embedded Latin and numbers keep their direction, lines put in visual order after wrapping) in point, area and path type, with caret, selection and arrow keys in visual order; each paragraph's direction comes from its first strong character unless Paragraph Direction sets it (Paragraph panel with Show Indic Options, `text.setFormat {direction}`), and new type aligns to the start of its direction. SVG export outlines right-to-left text.
-- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese and Spanish (neutral international Spanish, for every `es-*` locale) cover the whole interface, Czech and Brazilian Portuguese every menu label, Brazilian Portuguese the shell's `tl!` literals too (tested); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech and Spanish ones from the bundled UI fonts. The Basic toolbar's Type button holds Vertical Type in its flyout. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese, and justified Japanese lines spread their room between characters (not inside Latin words); Paragraph panel › Mojikumi Set (shown with Preferences › Type › Show East Asian Options, `text.setFormat {mojikumi}`): None or Line-end Punctuation Half Width (new type's default, as in Illustrator; older documents and imported text keep None) shares one half-em space between consecutive punctuation, sets a closing mark ending a line half width and an opening bracket starting a wrapped line flush with its start, and puts a quarter em between Japanese and Latin letters or digits; Paragraph panel menu › Top-to-Top / Bottom-to-Bottom Leading measures leading from em box top to top (area type's first line touches the frame) or from baseline to baseline; Character panel menu › Character Alignment (with the East Asian options; `text.setFormat` or `text.setRangeStyle {charAlign}`) lines characters smaller than the largest on their line up on the Roman baseline or the em box top/right, centre or bottom/left (ICF top and bottom not yet); Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
+- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese and Spanish (neutral international Spanish, for every `es-*` locale) cover the whole interface, Czech and Brazilian Portuguese every menu label, Brazilian Portuguese the shell's `tl!` literals too (tested); Spanish also translates status-bar and error messages as they are shown (`@msg` templates, every message literal tested; the messages themselves stay English for agents); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech and Spanish ones from the bundled UI fonts. The web app follows the browser's languages (or `?lang=`). The Basic toolbar's Type button holds Vertical Type in its flyout. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese, and justified Japanese lines spread their room between characters (not inside Latin words); Paragraph panel › Mojikumi Set (shown with Preferences › Type › Show East Asian Options, `text.setFormat {mojikumi}`): None or Line-end Punctuation Half Width (new type's default, as in Illustrator; older documents and imported text keep None) shares one half-em space between consecutive punctuation, sets a closing mark ending a line half width and an opening bracket starting a wrapped line flush with its start, and puts a quarter em between Japanese and Latin letters or digits; Paragraph panel menu › Top-to-Top / Bottom-to-Bottom Leading measures leading from em box top to top (area type's first line touches the frame) or from baseline to baseline; Character panel menu › Character Alignment (with the East Asian options; `text.setFormat` or `text.setRangeStyle {charAlign}`) lines characters smaller than the largest on their line up on the Roman baseline or the em box top/right, centre or bottom/left (ICF top and bottom not yet); Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
 - **Transparency:** opacity masks (clip/invert/disable/link), exported as SVG `<mask>` and PDF soft masks.
 - **Advanced art:** live Blends (steps/distance/smooth colour, editable spine, anchor-targeted Blend tool, faithful interpolation, knockout), Envelope Distort (warp/mesh/top object, Reset, full Envelope Options, mesh handles, Edit Contents; type, images, symbols, gradients, patterns and appearance distorted everywhere), Liquify tools with options and pen pressure, Puppet Warp with rotating pins, Perspective Grid with presets, movable planes and projected type (choosing a perspective tool shows the grid; Hide Grid hides it with the tool still chosen), Gradient Mesh, Shape Builder (stroke-only open paths and lines cut the regions they cross and enclose regions of their own; filled open paths count as closed; erase mode while Alt/Option is held: a minus pointer, red highlights of what will go, a click or drag deletes the regions touched, the pieces of open lines and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet, opening their paths there) it passes over, one undo step, `shapeBuilder.merge {erase}` and `shapeBuilder.regions` edges over MCP), Live Paint (every path an edge, open lines included), Image Trace (12 presets), pattern swatches with pattern editing mode, live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror).
 - **Paint and appearance (M3):**
diff --git a/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/main.rs b/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/main.rs
index 5d4a1869..ca7ef832 100644
--- a/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/main.rs
+++ b/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/main.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 //! - Save / Export trigger a browser download;
 //! - dropped files are read asynchronously by `web::WebShell` and delivered through the inbox.
 //!
-//! URL query flag: `?webgl` forces the WebGL2 backend instead of WebGPU.
+//! URL query flags: `?webgl` forces the WebGL2 backend instead of WebGPU; `?lang=es` (any
+//! language code) stands in for the browser's languages when the interface language is Automatic.
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 mod locks;
diff --git a/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs b/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs
index e3abd72c..a701e744 100644
--- a/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs
+++ b/apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::recovery::{self, Hold, RecoveryStore};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::graphics::GraphicsLoss;
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::i18n;
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::place::{DropTarget, PlaceArrival, PlaceInbox};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::print::{PrintJob, PrintService, Printer};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::{Services, VectorcraftApp};
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ pub fn start() {
         log::error!("missing <canvas id=\"{CANVAS_ID}\">");
         return;
     };
+    detect_language();
     wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
         // Before the first frame, which looks for copies a crash left behind.
         let locks = WebLocks::start(RECOVERY_PREFIX).await;
@@ -131,6 +133,27 @@ fn web_options() -> eframe::WebOptions {
     options
 }
 
+/// Tell the UI the browser's languages (`?lang=es` in the address first, as `VECTORCRAFT_LOCALE`
+/// does on the desktop) before the first frame, so the Automatic interface language follows the
+/// browser; and show the loading text in that language.
+fn detect_language() {
+    let mut tags: Vec<String> = query_param("lang").into_iter().collect();
+    if let Some(navigator) = web_sys::window().map(|w| w.navigator()) {
+        tags.extend(navigator.languages().iter().filter_map(|v| v.as_string()));
+        tags.extend(navigator.language());
+    }
+    i18n::set_system_locales(tags.as_slice());
+    if let Some(el) = element(LOADING_ID) {
+        el.set_text_content(Some(i18n::message(i18n::system_lang(), "Loading VectorCraft…").as_str()));
+    }
+}
+
+/// The value of `name=` in the address's query, if given.
+fn query_param(name: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let query = query();
+    query.trim_start_matches('?').split('&').find_map(|kv| kv.strip_prefix(name)?.strip_prefix('=').map(str::to_string)).filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
+}
+
 fn query() -> String {
     web_sys::window().and_then(|w| w.location().search().ok()).unwrap_or_default()
 }
@@ -215,7 +238,7 @@ fn notice(lines: &[&str]) {
     el.set_text_content(None);
     for line in lines {
         if let Ok(p) = document.create_element("p") {
-            p.set_text_content(Some(line));
+            p.set_text_content(Some(i18n::message(i18n::system_lang(), line).as_str()));
             // Best effort: the log has the message too.
             el.append_child(&p).ok();
         }
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/chrome.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/chrome.rs
index 5081e080..c487f4ce 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/chrome.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/chrome.rs
@@ -422,11 +422,13 @@ pub fn status_bar(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
                     // Background saves and exports in progress, else the last message.
                     if let Some(job) = app.background.jobs.first() {
                         let more = app.background.jobs.len() - 1;
-                        let text = if more > 0 { format!("{}… (+{more})", job.label) } else { format!("{}…", job.label) };
+                        let label = crate::i18n::msg(&job.label);
+                        let text = if more > 0 { format!("{label}… (+{more})") } else { format!("{label}…") };
                         ui.label(egui::RichText::new(text).size(11.0).color(t.text));
                         ui.add(egui::Spinner::new().size(12.0).color(t.accent));
                     } else if !app.ui.status.is_empty() {
-                        ui.label(egui::RichText::new(&app.ui.status).size(11.0).color(t.text));
+                        // The message stays English in `ui.status` (agents and tests read it).
+                        ui.label(egui::RichText::new(crate::i18n::msg(&app.ui.status)).size(11.0).color(t.text));
                     }
                 });
             });
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/catalog.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/catalog.rs
index 48d833a4..a79ce351 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/catalog.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/catalog.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,92 @@ pub struct Catalog {
     ids: HashMap<String, String>,
     /// plural messages: `one|other` → forms
     plurals: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
+    /// status and error messages without placeholders (`@msg`): English → translation
+    messages: HashMap<String, String>,
+    /// status and error messages with `{name}` placeholders (`@msg`), most specific first
+    templates: Vec<Template>,
+}
+
+/// A piece of a message template: literal text or a `{name}` placeholder.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Piece {
+    Text(String),
+    Hole(String),
+}
+
+/// A message template (`Couldn't open {name}: {e}`) and its translation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Template {
+    pieces: Vec<Piece>,
+    /// Bytes of literal text: a template with more of it is the more specific match.
+    literal: usize,
+    translation: String,
+}
+
+/// Messages longer than this are shown as they are (template matching backtracks).
+const MAX_MESSAGE_LEN: usize = 2000;
+
+impl Template {
+    /// `None` for a template that can't be matched reliably: no literal text, or two placeholders
+    /// in a row (where one ends and the next begins is unknowable).
+    fn parse(source: &str, translation: String) -> Option<Template> {
+        let mut pieces = Vec::new();
+        let mut rest = source;
+        while let Some(a) = rest.find('{') {
+            let after = rest.get(a + 1..)?;
+            let b = after.find('}')?;
+            if a > 0 {
+                pieces.push(Piece::Text(rest.get(..a)?.to_string()));
+            } else if matches!(pieces.last(), Some(Piece::Hole(_))) {
+                return None;
+            }
+            pieces.push(Piece::Hole(after.get(..b)?.to_string()));
+            rest = after.get(b + 1..)?;
+        }
+        if !rest.is_empty() {
+            pieces.push(Piece::Text(rest.to_string()));
+        }
+        let literal = pieces.iter().map(|p| if let Piece::Text(t) = p { t.len() } else { 0 }).sum();
+        (literal > 0).then_some(Template { pieces, literal, translation })
+    }
+
+    /// The placeholder values if `s` is an instance of this template.
+    fn captures<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> Option<Vec<(&str, &'a str)>> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        match_pieces(&self.pieces, s, &mut out).then_some(out)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Match `s` against `pieces`, a placeholder taking the shortest non-empty text that lets the
+/// rest match (the last one takes what remains).
+fn match_pieces<'p, 'a>(pieces: &'p [Piece], s: &'a str, out: &mut Vec<(&'p str, &'a str)>) -> bool {
+    let Some((first, rest)) = pieces.split_first() else { return s.is_empty() };
+    match first {
+        Piece::Text(t) => s.strip_prefix(t.as_str()).is_some_and(|tail| match_pieces(rest, tail, out)),
+        Piece::Hole(name) => {
+            let Some((next, after)) = rest.split_first() else {
+                if s.is_empty() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                out.push((name.as_str(), s));
+                return true;
+            };
+            let Piece::Text(next) = next else { return false };
+            // Every place the next literal occurs, nearest first (the hole is never empty).
+            let mut from = s.chars().next().map_or(1, char::len_utf8);
+            while let Some(at) = s.get(from..).and_then(|tail| tail.find(next.as_str())).map(|i| i + from) {
+                let (Some(value), Some(tail)) = (s.get(..at), s.get(at + next.len()..)) else { return false };
+                let mark = out.len();
+                out.push((name.as_str(), value));
+                if match_pieces(after, tail, out) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                out.truncate(mark);
+                from = at + next.chars().next().map_or(1, char::len_utf8);
+            }
+            false
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// A catalog entry as read from the file: (context, source, translation).
@@ -74,11 +160,20 @@ impl Catalog {
                 "@plural" => {
                     c.plurals.insert(src, tr.split('|').map(str::to_string).collect());
                 }
+                "@msg" => {
+                    if src.contains('{') {
+                        c.templates.extend(Template::parse(&src, tr));
+                    } else {
+                        c.messages.insert(src, tr);
+                    }
+                }
                 _ => {
                     c.contextual.insert(format!("{ctx}\u{1}{src}"), tr);
                 }
             }
         }
+        // Most literal text first, so `Couldn't open {name}: {e}` wins over `{path}: {e}`.
+        c.templates.sort_by_key(|t| std::cmp::Reverse(t.literal));
         c
     }
 
@@ -94,6 +189,19 @@ impl Catalog {
         self.ids.get(id).map(String::as_str)
     }
 
+    /// A status or error message: an exact `@msg` entry, else the first template it is an instance
+    /// of, with the placeholder values filled in. The values are returned for the caller to
+    /// translate (a reason after `…: {e}` is often a message of its own).
+    pub fn message<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> Option<(&str, Vec<(&str, &'a str)>)> {
+        if let Some(tr) = self.messages.get(s) {
+            return Some((tr.as_str(), Vec::new()));
+        }
+        if s.len() > MAX_MESSAGE_LEN {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.templates.iter().find_map(|t| t.captures(s).map(|caps| (t.translation.as_str(), caps)))
+    }
+
     /// The plural form `index` of the message whose English forms are `one|other`.
     pub fn plural(&self, one: &str, other: &str, index: usize) -> Option<&str> {
         let forms = self.plurals.get(&format!("{one}|{other}"))?;
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
index 767e2bd2..e55d4529 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 # Coverage: the whole interface — every menu string and every `tl!` literal (`complete_menus`,
 # tested). Left in English on purpose (`MENU_KEEP_AS_IS` in the tests): the product name, language
 # names, OpenType, the built-in workspace names and the bracketed perspective grid preset names.
+# Status and error messages too (`@msg` rows at the end, `COMPLETE_MESSAGES` in the tests).
 # A native speaker's review is welcome: keep the placeholders ({name}), the trailing "…" and the
 # leading/trailing spaces of fragments exactly as they are.
 
@@ -3033,3 +3034,506 @@ axis	Both	Ambos
 	Drag to float as a toolbar	Arrastrar para flotar como barra de herramientas
 	Put back in the toolbar	Devolver a la barra de herramientas
 	Float Tool Group	Hacer flotar el grupo de herramientas
+
+# Status and error messages (`@msg`), translated where the status bar shows them; the message itself
+# stays English for agents and tests. `{_1}`, `{_2}` … stand for the `{}` of the format string, in order
+# (`complete_languages_translate_every_message` lists any that are missing). Command ids, parameter
+# names and values in backticks or code (`colorModel rgb`, `document.export`) stay as they are.
+@msg	BMP files are RGB or grayscale: colorModel rgb or gray	los archivos BMP son RGB o en escala de grises: colorModel rgb o gray
+@msg	Blend colors: select at least three objects with filled colours	Fusionar colores: selecciona al menos tres objetos con relleno de color
+@msg	Combine Slices: the slices have no bounds	Combinar sectores: los sectores no tienen límites
+@msg	Convert to Artboards: selection has no area	Convertir en mesas de trabajo: la selección no tiene área
+@msg	Convert to Shape: no rectangles or ellipses selected	Convertir en forma: no hay rectángulos ni elipses seleccionados
+@msg	Copied the CSS of {rules} object(s)	Se copió el CSS de {rules} objeto(s)
+@msg	Corners edits a live rectangle	Esquinas edita un rectángulo interactivo
+@msg	Couldn't copy to the system clipboard: {e}	No se pudo copiar al portapapeles del sistema: {e}
+@msg	Couldn't open {name}: {e}	No se pudo abrir {name}: {e}
+@msg	Couldn't place {_1}: the document it was dropped on was closed	No se pudo colocar {_1}: se cerró el documento en el que se soltó
+@msg	Couldn't read {name}: {e}	No se pudo leer {name}: {e}
+@msg	Couldn't save recovery data: {e}	No se pudieron guardar los datos de recuperación: {e}
+@msg	Create Outlines: select text objects	Crear contornos: selecciona objetos de texto
+@msg	Create from Guides: the document has no artboard	Crear a partir de guías: el documento no tiene mesa de trabajo
+@msg	Create from Guides: the guides make more than {MAX_PIECES} slices	Crear a partir de guías: las guías forman más de {MAX_PIECES} sectores
+@msg	Create from Selection: the selection has no area	Crear a partir de la selección: la selección no tiene área
+@msg	Data Recovery has nowhere to keep copies: set Preferences → File Handling → Data Recovery → Folder (recoveryFolder)	Recuperación de datos no tiene dónde guardar copias: configura Preferencias → Manejo de archivos → Recuperación de datos → Carpeta (recoveryFolder)
+@msg	Divide Objects Below: select a path	Dividir objetos inferiores: selecciona un trazado
+@msg	Divide Objects Below: select exactly one path	Dividir objetos inferiores: selecciona exactamente un trazado
+@msg	Downloaded {_1} file(s)	Se descargaron {_1} archivo(s)
+@msg	Downloaded {what}	Se descargó {what}
+@msg	Expand Appearance: the selection has a basic appearance	Expandir apariencia: la selección tiene una apariencia básica
+@msg	Expand: no brush strokes selected	Expandir: no hay trazos de pincel seleccionados
+@msg	Expand: no gradient fills	Expandir: no hay rellenos de degradado
+@msg	Expand: nothing to expand	Expandir: no hay nada que expandir
+@msg	Exported {count} file(s) to {folder}	Se exportaron {count} archivo(s) a {folder}
+@msg	Exported {path}	Se exportó {path}
+@msg	Flatten Transparency: select objects to flatten	Acoplar transparencia: selecciona los objetos que quieres acoplar
+@msg	Flatten Transparency: {e}	Acoplar transparencia: {e}
+@msg	Image Trace: the traced image is missing	Calco de imagen: falta la imagen calcada
+@msg	Imported {what}: {_1}	Se importó {what}: {_1}
+@msg	Installed plug-in {_1}	Se instaló el plugin {_1}
+@msg	Internal error: {msg} (please report this bug)	Error interno: {msg} (por favor, informa de este error)
+@msg	Live Paint Merge: select a Live Paint group and the paths to add	Combinar pintura interactiva: selecciona un grupo de pintura interactiva y los trazados que quieres agregar
+@msg	Live Paint: select paths or compound paths	Pintura interactiva: selecciona trazados o trazados compuestos
+@msg	Live Paint: these paths are too degenerate to paint	Pintura interactiva: estos trazados están demasiado degenerados para pintarlos
+@msg	Make Guides: select paths	Crear guías: selecciona trazados
+@msg	No saved selections (Select → Save Selection…)	No hay selecciones guardadas (Selección → Guardar selección…)
+@msg	No saved views (View → New View…)	No hay vistas guardadas (Ver → Nueva vista…)
+@msg	Offset Path: select paths	Desplazar trazado: selecciona trazados
+@msg	Opened with {_1} note(s): {_2}	Se abrió con {_1} nota(s): {_2}
+@msg	Opened {url}	Se abrió {url}
+@msg	Outline Stroke: no stroked paths selected	Contornear trazo: no hay trazados con trazo seleccionados
+@msg	PDF settings are not an object	los ajustes de PDF no son un objeto
+@msg	PDF writer error: {0}	error del escritor de PDF: {0}
+@msg	Packaged {n} file(s) in {folder}{note}	Se empaquetaron {n} archivo(s) en {folder}{note}
+@msg	Packaged {n} file(s){note}	Se empaquetaron {n} archivo(s){note}
+@msg	Preview in Browser needs the desktop app (the web downloads files instead)	Previsualizar en el navegador requiere la app de escritorio (en la web, los archivos se descargan)
+@msg	Release Guides: no guides	Soltar guías: no hay guías
+@msg	Release: no layer to put the rectangle in	Soltar: no hay ninguna capa donde poner el rectángulo
+@msg	Replace Spine: select a blend and a path	Reemplazar eje: selecciona una fusión y un trazado
+@msg	SVG parse error: {0}	error al analizar el SVG: {0}
+@msg	Save for Web: the image is empty	Guardar para web: la imagen está vacía
+@msg	Save writes {_1}, not {_2}: use document.export for other formats	Guardar escribe {_1}, no {_2}: usa document.export para otros formatos
+@msg	Saved recovery data for {title}	Se guardaron los datos de recuperación de {title}
+@msg	Saved to User Defined: {_1}	Se guardó en Definido por el usuario: {_1}
+@msg	Saved {path}	Se guardó {path}
+@msg	Select text or click into text with the Type tool to insert glyphs	Selecciona texto o haz clic dentro de un texto con la herramienta Texto para insertar glifos
+@msg	Shape Builder: no region under the pointer	Generador de formas: no hay ninguna región bajo el puntero
+@msg	Shape Builder: select paths or compound paths	Generador de formas: selecciona trazados o trazados compuestos
+@msg	Show All Hidden Attributes: nothing is hidden	Mostrar todos los atributos ocultos: no hay nada oculto
+@msg	Split Into Grid: select paths large enough for the grid	Dividir en cuadrícula: selecciona trazados lo bastante grandes para la cuadrícula
+@msg	Targa files are RGB: colorModel rgb	los archivos Targa son RGB: colorModel rgb
+@msg	Text Wrap: select a wrap object	Ceñir texto: selecciona un objeto para ceñir
+@msg	`aspect` must be a number (%)	`aspect` debe ser un número (%)
+@msg	`at` must be [x, y]	`at` debe ser [x, y]
+@msg	`color` must be a colour	`color` debe ser un color
+@msg	`command` must be a command whose menu item opens a dialog (see ui.menuDialog)	`command` debe ser un comando cuyo elemento de menú abra un cuadro de diálogo (consulta ui.menuDialog)
+@msg	`freeform.points` must be an array	`freeform.points` debe ser una lista
+@msg	`gradient` must be an object	`gradient` debe ser un objeto
+@msg	`library` is a library id or name (see {list})	`library` es el id o el nombre de una biblioteca (consulta {list})
+@msg	`mode` applies to freeform gradients	`mode` se aplica a los degradados de forma libre
+@msg	`sampleSize` must be 1, 3 or 5	`sampleSize` debe ser 1, 3 o 5
+@msg	`stops` must be an array	`stops` debe ser una lista
+@msg	`svg` must be an object of SVG options (see document.formats)	`svg` debe ser un objeto con opciones de SVG (consulta document.formats)
+@msg	`{_1}` is no save command	`{_1}` no es un comando de guardado
+@msg	`{area}` is no recovery area name	`{area}` no es el nombre de un área de recuperación
+@msg	`{color}` is not a colour (#rrggbb or a preset name)	`{color}` no es un color (#rrggbb o el nombre de un preajuste)
+@msg	`{id}` has no envelope dialog	`{id}` no tiene cuadro de diálogo de envolvente
+@msg	`{keep}` is not a side of this axis	`{keep}` no es un lado de este eje
+@msg	`{key}` must be `auto` or a language code such as `en` or `zh-hant`	`{key}` debe ser `auto` o un código de idioma como `en` o `zh-hant`
+@msg	`{key}` must be a #rrggbb colour	`{key}` debe ser un color #rrggbb
+@msg	`{key}` must be a number	`{key}` debe ser un número
+@msg	`{key}` must be a string	`{key}` debe ser un texto
+@msg	`{key}` must be a whole number	`{key}` debe ser un número entero
+@msg	`{key}` must be a whole number between {min} and {max} (got {x})	`{key}` debe ser un número entero entre {min} y {max} (se recibió {x})
+@msg	`{key}` must be between {min} and {max} (got {x})	`{key}` debe estar entre {min} y {max} (se recibió {x})
+@msg	`{key}` must be one of {_1}	`{key}` debe ser uno de estos: {_1}
+@msg	`{key}` must be true or false	`{key}` debe ser true o false
+@msg	`{k}` must be [x, y]	`{k}` debe ser [x, y]
+@msg	`{name}` has no options	`{name}` no tiene opciones
+@msg	`{name}` is a built-in workspace; choose another name	`{name}` es un espacio de trabajo integrado; elige otro nombre
+@msg	`{name}` is a process colour: tints apply to global and spot colours	`{name}` es un color de cuatricromía: los matices se aplican a colores globales y planos
+@msg	`{name}` is no recovery entry name	`{name}` no es el nombre de una entrada de recuperación
+@msg	`{name}` isn't a colour swatch	`{name}` no es una muestra de color
+@msg	`{path}` must be a bool or an object of bools	`{path}` debe ser un booleano o un objeto de booleanos
+@msg	`{s}` is not a colour (#rrggbb or a preset name)	`{s}` no es un color (#rrggbb o el nombre de un preajuste)
+@msg	`{tool}` isn't a Liquify tool	`{tool}` no es una herramienta de Licuar
+@msg	`{tool}` isn't a freehand tool	`{tool}` no es una herramienta de dibujo a mano alzada
+@msg	`{to}` is not an available name	`{to}` no es un nombre disponible
+@msg	a bitmap is empty	un mapa de bits está vacío
+@msg	a bitmap is too large to read	un mapa de bits es demasiado grande para leerlo
+@msg	a colour index is 0 to {_1}, not {n}	un índice de color va de 0 a {_1}, no {n}
+@msg	a colour is an index, #rrggbb or a preset name, not {v}	un color es un índice, #rrggbb o el nombre de un preajuste, no {v}
+@msg	a document needs at least one artboard	un documento necesita al menos una mesa de trabajo
+@msg	a document needs at least one layer	un documento necesita al menos una capa
+@msg	a freeform gradient keeps at least one point	un degradado de forma libre conserva al menos un punto
+@msg	a gradient needs at least two stops	un degradado necesita al menos dos paradas
+@msg	a graphic style named `{to}` already exists	ya existe un estilo gráfico llamado `{to}`
+@msg	a page is missing	falta una página
+@msg	a page out of range	una página fuera de rango
+@msg	a page tree kid isn't a reference	un hijo del árbol de páginas no es una referencia
+@msg	a page tree node has no kids	un nodo del árbol de páginas no tiene hijos
+@msg	a page's placement is not finite	la posición de una página no es finita
+@msg	a preset named `{_1}` exists	ya existe un preajuste llamado `{_1}`
+@msg	a slice size must be a positive number of points	el tamaño de un sector debe ser un número positivo de puntos
+@msg	a stream runs past the end	un flujo se extiende más allá del final
+@msg	a stream's length is wrong	la longitud de un flujo es incorrecta
+@msg	a stream's length isn't a number	la longitud de un flujo no es un número
+@msg	add a format to export	agrega un formato para exportar
+@msg	already editing a pattern	ya se está editando un motivo
+@msg	an object can't be read	no se puede leer un objeto
+@msg	an object in perspective would leave the edited grid	un objeto en perspectiva saldría de la cuadrícula editada
+@msg	antiAlias `{id}`: none, art or type	antiAlias `{id}`: none, art o type
+@msg	artboard {0} does not exist	la mesa de trabajo {0} no existe
+@msg	at this scale the drawing is {w} × {h} pt, more than the canvas holds: choose a smaller scale or fit it to the artboard	a esta escala el dibujo mide {w} × {h} pt, más de lo que cabe en el lienzo: elige una escala menor o ajústalo a la mesa de trabajo
+@msg	background {other}: transparent, white, black or a colour such as "#ff8800"	fondo {other}: transparent, white, black o un color como "#ff8800"
+@msg	bad color {v}	color no válido {v}
+@msg	bad colour `{hex}` (#rrggbb)	color no válido `{hex}` (#rrggbb)
+@msg	bad page tree	árbol de páginas no válido
+@msg	bad shortcut	atajo no válido
+@msg	bad stream length	longitud de flujo no válida
+@msg	bad trailer	trailer no válido
+@msg	balance must be between 0 and 100	el equilibrio debe estar entre 0 y 100
+@msg	batch step {_1} (`{id}`) failed: {e}	falló el paso {_1} del lote (`{id}`): {e}
+@msg	brightness must be dark|mediumDark|mediumLight|light	el brillo debe ser dark|mediumDark|mediumLight|light
+@msg	can't encode the document: {0}	no se puede codificar el documento: {0}
+@msg	can't parse shortcut `{c}`	no se puede interpretar el atajo `{c}`
+@msg	can't parse shortcut `{s}` for `{k}`	no se puede interpretar el atajo `{s}` de `{k}`
+@msg	can't save version {0}: VectorCraft writes versions {MIN_VERSION} to {VERSION}	no se puede guardar la versión {0}: VectorCraft escribe las versiones {MIN_VERSION} a {VERSION}
+@msg	can't write .{ext} images	no se pueden escribir imágenes .{ext}
+@msg	cannot distort a zero-size bounding box	no se puede distorsionar un cuadro delimitador de tamaño cero
+@msg	cannot read PDF: {0}	no se puede leer el PDF: {0}
+@msg	cannot split an open path at its end point	no se puede dividir un trazado abierto en su punto final
+@msg	check an asset to export	marca un recurso para exportar
+@msg	choice must be "merge" or "add", not `{choice}`	choice debe ser "merge" o "add", no `{choice}`
+@msg	choose a direction to divide in	elige una dirección en la que dividir
+@msg	choose a folder to export to	elige una carpeta a la que exportar
+@msg	choose a location for the package	elige una ubicación para el paquete
+@msg	clipboard is empty	el portapapeles está vacío
+@msg	collapsed must be true or false	collapsed debe ser true o false
+@msg	colorTable.{what}: `{h}` is not a colour such as "#ff8800"	colorTable.{what}: `{h}` no es un color como "#ff8800"
+@msg	colorTable.{what}: at most {MAX_TABLE} colours	colorTable.{what}: como máximo {MAX_TABLE} colores
+@msg	command `{0}` is not available right now: {1}	el comando `{0}` no está disponible ahora: {1}
+@msg	compound paths can only contain paths	los trazados compuestos solo pueden contener trazados
+@msg	compressed (RLE) bitmaps can't be read yet	todavía no se pueden leer mapas de bits comprimidos (RLE)
+@msg	damaged	dañado
+@msg	decimals must be {_1}–{_2} (got {_3})	los decimales deben ser {_1}–{_2} (se recibió {_3})
+@msg	divide into 1 to {MAX_PIECES} slices	divide en 1 a {MAX_PIECES} sectores
+@msg	effect {k} is `{_1}`, not `{id}`	el efecto {k} es `{_1}`, no `{id}`
+@msg	empty brush stroke	trazo de pincel vacío
+@msg	empty cutter	cortador vacío
+@msg	empty path	trazado vacío
+@msg	file version {0} is newer than this VectorCraft supports ({VERSION})	la versión de archivo {0} es más reciente de lo que admite este VectorCraft ({VERSION})
+@msg	freeform point {i} needs `at` [x, y] and a valid `color`	el punto de forma libre {i} necesita `at` [x, y] y un `color` válido
+@msg	give both `start` and `end` [x, y] (or neither)	indica `start` y `end` [x, y] (o ninguno de los dos)
+@msg	give corners 0–3	indica esquinas de 0 a 3
+@msg	give the path `id` and the width point `index`	indica el `id` del trazado y el `index` del punto de anchura
+@msg	guides are locked	las guías están bloqueadas
+@msg	image '{key}' has no pixels and was left out	la imagen '{key}' no tiene píxeles y se omitió
+@msg	image data `{_1}` is missing	faltan los datos de imagen `{_1}`
+@msg	image would be too large; lower the resolution	la imagen sería demasiado grande; baja la resolución
+@msg	index must be a number or first, previous, next or last	index debe ser un número o first, previous, next o last
+@msg	index must be a number or first, previous, next or last, not `{other}`	index debe ser un número o first, previous, next o last, no `{other}`
+@msg	installing from a path is not available on the web; pass the module as `dataBase64`	en la web no se puede instalar desde una ruta; pasa el módulo como `dataBase64`
+@msg	internal error in `{cmd}`: {msg} (the document was left as it was before; please report this bug)	error interno en `{cmd}`: {msg} (el documento quedó como estaba; por favor, informa de este error)
+@msg	internal error: {msg} (please report this bug)	error interno: {msg} (por favor, informa de este error)
+@msg	invalid PDF setting: {0}	ajuste de PDF no válido: {0}
+@msg	invalid image data for `{0}`	datos de imagen no válidos para `{0}`
+@msg	invalid parameters for `{cmd}`: {msg}	parámetros no válidos para `{cmd}`: {msg}
+@msg	is not an image VectorCraft reads	no es una imagen que VectorCraft pueda leer
+@msg	join needs open paths	unir necesita trazados abiertos
+@msg	lang must be one of {_1}	lang debe ser uno de estos: {_1}
+@msg	layers can't be wrap objects	las capas no pueden ser objetos para ceñir
+@msg	missing `folder`	falta `folder`
+@msg	missing `id` (see plugin.list)	falta `id` (consulta plugin.list)
+@msg	missing `name`	falta `name`
+@msg	missing `tool`	falta `tool`
+@msg	missing index	falta index
+@msg	multiple windows land with M11.5	las ventanas múltiples llegan con M11.5
+@msg	name the file	ponle nombre al archivo
+@msg	no CSS to copy: select objects with CSS of their own	no hay CSS que copiar: selecciona objetos con CSS propio
+@msg	no Live Paint edge near that point	no hay ningún borde de pintura interactiva cerca de ese punto
+@msg	no Live Paint face at that point	no hay ninguna cara de pintura interactiva en ese punto
+@msg	no PNG encoder	no hay codificador PNG
+@msg	no active document	no hay ningún documento activo
+@msg	no active perspective plane	no hay ningún plano de perspectiva activo
+@msg	no anchor points selected	no hay puntos de ancla seleccionados
+@msg	no app to open files here	aquí no hay ninguna app para abrir archivos
+@msg	no artboard	no hay mesa de trabajo
+@msg	no artboard {i} (0-based; the document has {_1})	no existe la mesa de trabajo {i} (contando desde 0; el documento tiene {_1})
+@msg	no artboard {i} (0-based; the document has {count})	no existe la mesa de trabajo {i} (contando desde 0; el documento tiene {count})
+@msg	no artboards named	no se indicaron mesas de trabajo
+@msg	no artwork	no hay ilustración
+@msg	no blend options	no hay opciones de fusión
+@msg	no bounds	sin límites
+@msg	no brush named `{name}`	no hay ningún pincel llamado `{name}`
+@msg	no catalog	no hay catálogo
+@msg	no changes since the last save	no hay cambios desde la última vez que se guardó
+@msg	no clock to keep a heartbeat by	no hay reloj para mantener la señal de actividad
+@msg	no colour group `{g}`	no existe el grupo de colores `{g}`
+@msg	no cross-reference table	no hay tabla de referencias cruzadas
+@msg	no current layer	no hay capa actual
+@msg	no data	no hay datos
+@msg	no dialog open	no hay ningún cuadro de diálogo abierto
+@msg	no document	no hay documento
+@msg	no document open	no hay ningún documento abierto
+@msg	no effect applied yet	todavía no se aplicó ningún efecto
+@msg	no effect at index {k}	no hay ningún efecto en el índice {k}
+@msg	no end record	no hay registro final
+@msg	no file manager here	aquí no hay administrador de archivos
+@msg	no file reader	no hay lector de archivos
+@msg	no file system here	aquí no hay sistema de archivos
+@msg	no file writer	no hay escritor de archivos
+@msg	no files to place	no hay archivos para colocar
+@msg	no format to export to	no hay formato al que exportar
+@msg	no free recovery area	no hay ningún área de recuperación libre
+@msg	no gradient stop or freeform point is selected	no hay ninguna parada de degradado ni punto de forma libre seleccionado
+@msg	no graphic style `{name}`	no existe el estilo gráfico `{name}`
+@msg	no graphic style `{n}`	no existe el estilo gráfico `{n}`
+@msg	no interaction in progress	no hay ninguna interacción en curso
+@msg	no key object	no hay objeto clave
+@msg	no library `{key}` (see {list})	no existe la biblioteca `{key}` (consulta {list})
+@msg	no native format	no hay formato nativo
+@msg	no pages	no hay páginas
+@msg	no pattern `{name}`	no existe el motivo `{name}`
+@msg	no perspective grid preset named `{name}`	no hay ningún preajuste de cuadrícula de perspectiva llamado `{name}`
+@msg	no plug-in {0} is installed	no hay ningún plugin {0} instalado
+@msg	no plug-in {id} is installed	no hay ningún plugin {id} instalado
+@msg	no point {i} (the gradient has {_1})	no existe el punto {i} (el degradado tiene {_1})
+@msg	no preset editor	no hay editor de preajustes
+@msg	no previous transform	no hay transformación anterior
+@msg	no print preset named `{base}`	no hay ningún preajuste de impresión llamado `{base}`
+@msg	no print preset named `{name}`	no hay ningún preajuste de impresión llamado `{name}`
+@msg	no print service	no hay servicio de impresión
+@msg	no revert command	no hay comando para volver a la versión guardada
+@msg	no saved PDF preset named `{name}` (built-in presets are read-only: start a new one from them)	no hay ningún preajuste de PDF guardado llamado `{name}` (los preajustes integrados son de solo lectura: crea uno nuevo a partir de ellos)
+@msg	no saved presets	no hay preajustes guardados
+@msg	no saved print preset named `{name}` ({DEFAULT_PRESET} is protected: start a new one from it)	no hay ningún preajuste de impresión guardado llamado `{name}` ({DEFAULT_PRESET} está protegido: crea uno nuevo a partir de él)
+@msg	no saved profiles	no hay perfiles guardados
+@msg	no saved selections	no hay selecciones guardadas
+@msg	no saved themes	no hay temas guardados
+@msg	no segment {segment} on line {line}	no existe el segmento {segment} en la línea {line}
+@msg	no selected slice in the image: select slices, or save all of them	no hay ningún sector seleccionado en la imagen: selecciona sectores o guárdalos todos
+@msg	no selection bounds	la selección no tiene límites
+@msg	no slice selected	no hay ningún sector seleccionado
+@msg	no such action	no existe esa acción
+@msg	no such anchor	no existe ese punto de ancla
+@msg	no such artboard	no existe esa mesa de trabajo
+@msg	no such document	no existe ese documento
+@msg	no such layer or object	no existe esa capa u objeto
+@msg	no such object {0}	no existe el objeto {0}
+@msg	no such perspective grid preset	no existe ese preajuste de cuadrícula de perspectiva
+@msg	no such recent file	no existe ese archivo reciente
+@msg	no such recent font	no existe esa fuente reciente
+@msg	no such saved selection	no existe esa selección guardada
+@msg	no such segment	no existe ese segmento
+@msg	no such subpath	no existe ese subtrazado
+@msg	no such user library	no existe esa biblioteca de usuario
+@msg	no such view	no existe esa vista
+@msg	no such width point	no existe ese punto de anchura
+@msg	no swatch `{name}`	no existe la muestra `{name}`
+@msg	no swatch library `{l}` (see swatch.library.list)	no existe la biblioteca de muestras `{l}` (consulta swatch.library.list)
+@msg	no symbol instances selected	no hay instancias de símbolo seleccionadas
+@msg	no target object has an opacity mask: select one or give `id`	ningún objeto de destino tiene máscara de opacidad: selecciona uno o indica `id`
+@msg	no threaded text selected	no hay texto enlazado seleccionado
+@msg	no user workspace `{from}`	no existe el espacio de trabajo de usuario `{from}`
+@msg	node {_1} is not text	el nodo {_1} no es texto
+@msg	not a DXF drawing	no es un dibujo DXF
+@msg	not a VectorCraft file: {0}	no es un archivo de VectorCraft: {0}
+@msg	not a VectorCraft shortcut set (missing `overrides`)	no es un conjunto de atajos de VectorCraft (falta `overrides`)
+@msg	not a graphic style library (format `{_1}`)	no es una biblioteca de estilos gráficos (formato `{_1}`)
+@msg	not a stored central record	no es un registro central almacenado
+@msg	not a valid plug-in module: {0}	no es un módulo de plugin válido: {0}
+@msg	not an EMF or WMF file	no es un archivo EMF ni WMF
+@msg	not found	no se encontró
+@msg	not in pattern editing mode	no está en el modo de edición de motivos
+@msg	nothing encoded	no se codificó nada
+@msg	nothing selected	no hay nada seleccionado
+@msg	nothing to align	no hay nada que alinear
+@msg	nothing to distort	no hay nada que distorsionar
+@msg	nothing to export: the document has no visible art (or turn on Use Artboards)	no hay nada que exportar: el documento no tiene ilustración visible (o activa Usar mesas de trabajo)
+@msg	nothing to preview	no hay nada que previsualizar
+@msg	nothing to print	no hay nada que imprimir
+@msg	nothing to redo	no hay nada que rehacer
+@msg	nothing to save: the document has no visible art	no hay nada que guardar: el documento no tiene ilustración visible
+@msg	nothing to undo	no hay nada que deshacer
+@msg	nothing to warp	no hay nada que deformar
+@msg	nothing to wrap	no hay nada que envolver
+@msg	object {0} cannot have children	el objeto {0} no puede tener hijos
+@msg	object {id} is not a path	el objeto {id} no es un trazado
+@msg	page size {w} × {h}	tamaño de página {w} × {h}
+@msg	page {0} does not exist (the PDF has {1})	la página {0} no existe (el PDF tiene {1})
+@msg	paste unavailable	pegar no está disponible
+@msg	path is already closed	el trazado ya está cerrado
+@msg	paths contain invalid coordinates	los trazados contienen coordenadas no válidas
+@msg	paths: give at least one file	paths: indica al menos un archivo
+@msg	pattern missing	falta el motivo
+@msg	percent must be above 0 and at most 6400, not {p}	el porcentaje debe ser mayor que 0 y como máximo 6400, no {p}
+@msg	pick a colour, gradient or pattern to save as a swatch	elige un color, degradado o motivo para guardarlo como muestra
+@msg	plane must be left, right or ground	plane debe ser left, right o ground
+@msg	plug-in ABI: {0}	ABI del plugin: {0}
+@msg	plug-in exceeded its {0}	el plugin superó su {0}
+@msg	plug-in failed: {0}	el plugin falló: {0}
+@msg	plug-in manifest: {0}	manifiesto del plugin: {0}
+@msg	plug-in output: {0}	salida del plugin: {0}
+@msg	plug-in parameters: {0}	parámetros del plugin: {0}
+@msg	plug-in trapped: {0}	el plugin se detuvo con un error: {0}
+@msg	print settings are not an object	los ajustes de impresión no son un objeto
+@msg	printing isn't available here	aquí no se puede imprimir
+@msg	range `{s}` is empty	el rango `{s}` está vacío
+@msg	range `{s}`: `{part}` names no number	rango `{s}`: `{part}` no indica ningún número
+@msg	range `{s}`: `{part}` runs backwards	rango `{s}`: `{part}` va hacia atrás
+@msg	range `{s}`: `{t}` is not a number from 1 to {count}	rango `{s}`: `{t}` no es un número de 1 a {count}
+@msg	recovery copy `{file}`: {e}	copia de recuperación `{file}`: {e}
+@msg	resolutions must be between 1 and 2400 ppi	las resoluciones deben estar entre 1 y 2400 ppi
+@msg	result would exceed the canvas (coordinates out of range)	el resultado excedería el lienzo (coordenadas fuera de rango)
+@msg	scale must be a number from {_1} to {_2}, not {_3}	la escala debe ser un número de {_1} a {_2}, no {_3}
+@msg	scale must be a number from {_1} to {_2}, not {s}	la escala debe ser un número de {_1} a {_2}, no {s}
+@msg	select (or target) objects whose appearance isn't basic	selecciona (o apunta a) objetos cuya apariencia no sea básica
+@msg	select a Live Paint group	selecciona un grupo de pintura interactiva
+@msg	select a blend	selecciona una fusión
+@msg	select a clip group	selecciona un grupo de recorte
+@msg	select a gradient mesh	selecciona una malla de degradado
+@msg	select a linked image: an embedded one has no file	selecciona una imagen vinculada: una incrustada no tiene archivo
+@msg	select a repeat	selecciona una repetición
+@msg	select a stroke with a variable width	selecciona un trazo con anchura variable
+@msg	select a symbol instance	selecciona una instancia de símbolo
+@msg	select an Image Trace object	selecciona un objeto de calco de imagen
+@msg	select an envelope	selecciona una envolvente
+@msg	select an image	selecciona una imagen
+@msg	select an object in perspective	selecciona un objeto en perspectiva
+@msg	select artwork (or a colour group) to recolor	selecciona la ilustración (o un grupo de colores) que quieres volver a colorear
+@msg	select at least two objects	selecciona al menos dos objetos
+@msg	select objects, not layers	selecciona objetos, no capas
+@msg	select one live rectangle, or give its `id`	selecciona un rectángulo interactivo o indica su `id`
+@msg	select paths to join	selecciona los trazados que quieres unir
+@msg	select the art to repeat	selecciona la ilustración que quieres repetir
+@msg	select the artwork to warp	selecciona la ilustración que quieres deformar
+@msg	select the objects to transform in perspective	selecciona los objetos que quieres transformar en perspectiva
+@msg	select two or more graphic styles to merge	selecciona dos o más estilos gráficos para combinarlos
+@msg	select type in perspective	selecciona texto en perspectiva
+@msg	selection has no bounds	la selección no tiene límites
+@msg	shortcut for `{k}` must be a string	el atajo de `{k}` debe ser un texto
+@msg	stop {i} needs `offset`	la parada {i} necesita `offset`
+@msg	stop {i} needs a valid `color`	la parada {i} necesita un `color` válido
+@msg	stop {i}: `{k}` must be a number	parada {i}: `{k}` debe ser un número
+@msg	the EMF header is damaged	el encabezado EMF está dañado
+@msg	the PDF has no pages	el PDF no tiene páginas
+@msg	the PDF is no longer loaded	el PDF ya no está cargado
+@msg	the PDF is password-protected: give its password	el PDF está protegido con contraseña: indica su contraseña
+@msg	the PDF password is wrong	la contraseña del PDF es incorrecta
+@msg	the Save PDF dialog didn't open	el cuadro de diálogo Guardar PDF no se abrió
+@msg	the WMF header is damaged	el encabezado WMF está dañado
+@msg	the art could not be sampled	no se pudo muestrear la ilustración
+@msg	the art has no bounds	la ilustración no tiene límites
+@msg	the art is too light for any dots	la ilustración es demasiado clara para generar puntos
+@msg	the artboard to fit must be a positive size up to {_1} pt	la mesa de trabajo a la que ajustar debe tener un tamaño positivo de hasta {_1} pt
+@msg	the background worker stopped	el proceso en segundo plano se detuvo
+@msg	the compressed file unpacks to more than {_1} MB	el archivo comprimido ocupa más de {_1} MB al descomprimirse
+@msg	the document has never been saved	el documento nunca se guardó
+@msg	the document has no artboard	el documento no tiene mesa de trabajo
+@msg	the document has no artboards	el documento no tiene mesas de trabajo
+@msg	the document has no patterns	el documento no tiene motivos
+@msg	the document has no slices	el documento no tiene sectores
+@msg	the document has no symbols	el documento no tiene símbolos
+@msg	the drawing has no layout `{_1}` (it has {_2})	el dibujo no tiene la presentación `{_1}` (tiene {_2})
+@msg	the drawing is no longer loaded	el dibujo ya no está cargado
+@msg	the drawing is too large to open	el dibujo es demasiado grande para abrirlo
+@msg	the export region is empty	la región de exportación está vacía
+@msg	the export region is not finite	la región de exportación no es finita
+@msg	the export returned unreadable data	la exportación devolvió datos ilegibles
+@msg	the export wrote no file	la exportación no escribió ningún archivo
+@msg	the file holds only a placeholder page, not its art (it was saved without PDF compatibility): save it again with PDF compatibility on, or as PDF or SVG	el archivo solo contiene una página provisional, no su ilustración (se guardó sin compatibilidad con PDF): vuelve a guardarlo con la compatibilidad con PDF activada, o como PDF o SVG
+@msg	the file's preview header points outside the file	el encabezado de previsualización del archivo apunta fuera del archivo
+@msg	the image's pixels don't match its size	los píxeles de la imagen no coinciden con su tamaño
+@msg	the layer has no objects to clip by	la capa no tiene objetos con los que recortar
+@msg	the layer or group is locked	la capa o el grupo está bloqueado
+@msg	the layer to flatten into is hidden	la capa en la que acoplar está oculta
+@msg	the object already has an opacity mask	el objeto ya tiene una máscara de opacidad
+@msg	the object has no geometry	el objeto no tiene geometría
+@msg	the object has no opacity mask	el objeto no tiene máscara de opacidad
+@msg	the object has no stroke	el objeto no tiene trazo
+@msg	the object is beyond the plane's horizon	el objeto está más allá del horizonte del plano
+@msg	the object isn't in perspective	el objeto no está en perspectiva
+@msg	the object isn't on a perspective plane	el objeto no está en un plano de perspectiva
+@msg	the object would cross the horizon of the perspective plane	el objeto cruzaría el horizonte del plano de perspectiva
+@msg	the objects would leave the grid	los objetos saldrían de la cuadrícula
+@msg	the package came back damaged	el paquete llegó dañado
+@msg	the pointer is beyond the plane's horizon	el puntero está más allá del horizonte del plano
+@msg	the preview image is empty	la imagen de previsualización está vacía
+@msg	the print job has no data	el trabajo de impresión no tiene datos
+@msg	the scale is not a usable number	la escala no es un número utilizable
+@msg	the selected stroke's profile is already listed as {_1}	el perfil del trazo seleccionado ya figura como {_1}
+@msg	the selection has no URL (or they differ)	la selección no tiene URL (o son distintas)
+@msg	the selection isn't in perspective	la selección no está en perspectiva
+@msg	the stroke has no weight	el trazo no tiene grosor
+@msg	the thumbnail image is malformed	la miniatura está mal formada
+@msg	the top object must be a path, compound path or text object to use as a clipping mask	el objeto superior debe ser un trazado, un trazado compuesto o un objeto de texto para usarlo como máscara de recorte
+@msg	the {tool} tool has no options	la herramienta {tool} no tiene opciones
+@msg	there are no objects to release	no hay objetos que soltar
+@msg	there are no printer settings to open here	aquí no hay ajustes de impresora que abrir
+@msg	this PostScript file can't be read ({_1}): save it as PDF or SVG in the app that made it	no se puede leer este archivo PostScript ({_1}): guárdalo como PDF o SVG en la app que lo creó
+@msg	this format holds one artboard: export several as PDF or with document.exportForScreens	este formato admite una sola mesa de trabajo: exporta varias como PDF o con document.exportForScreens
+@msg	this is a DWG drawing, which can't be read: save it from the CAD app as an ASCII DXF and open that	este es un dibujo DWG, que no se puede leer: guárdalo desde la app de CAD como DXF ASCII y abre ese archivo
+@msg	this is a PostScript file (an .ai saved in an older format or without PDF compatibility, or an EPS file), which can't be opened yet: save it as PDF, PDF-compatible .ai or SVG	este es un archivo PostScript (un .ai guardado en un formato antiguo o sin compatibilidad con PDF, o un archivo EPS), que todavía no se puede abrir: guárdalo como PDF, .ai compatible con PDF o SVG
+@msg	this is not a PostScript file	este no es un archivo PostScript
+@msg	tool shortcuts must be a single key (optionally with Shift)	los atajos de herramientas deben ser una sola tecla (opcionalmente con Shift)
+@msg	truncated	truncado
+@msg	unknown command `{0}`	comando desconocido `{0}`
+@msg	unknown effect `{id}`	efecto desconocido `{id}`
+@msg	unknown format	formato desconocido
+@msg	unknown format `{f}` (Save writes {_1})	formato desconocido `{f}` (Guardar escribe {_1})
+@msg	unknown freeform mode `{m}` (points, lines)	modo de forma libre desconocido `{m}` (points, lines)
+@msg	unknown gradient kind `{k}` (linear, radial, freeform)	tipo de degradado desconocido `{k}` (linear, radial, freeform)
+@msg	unknown highlight `{h}`	resaltado desconocido `{h}`
+@msg	unknown option `{path}.{k}`	opción desconocida `{path}.{k}`
+@msg	unknown overprints `{o}` (preserve, simulate or discard)	sobreimpresiones desconocidas `{o}` (preserve, simulate o discard)
+@msg	unknown panel `{raw}`	panel desconocido `{raw}`
+@msg	unknown preference `{key}`	preferencia desconocida `{key}`
+@msg	unknown preset (one of {_1})	preajuste desconocido (uno de estos: {_1})
+@msg	unknown preset `{name}` (high, medium, low or a saved one: see flattener.presets.list)	preajuste desconocido `{name}` (high, medium, low o uno guardado: consulta flattener.presets.list)
+@msg	unknown preset `{name}` (see flattener.presets.list)	preajuste desconocido `{name}` (consulta flattener.presets.list)
+@msg	unknown preset `{name}` (see webExport.presets.list)	preajuste desconocido `{name}` (consulta webExport.presets.list)
+@msg	unknown side `{other}` (left|right|top|bottom)	lado desconocido `{other}` (left|right|top|bottom)
+@msg	unknown tool `{tool}`	herramienta desconocida `{tool}`
+@msg	unknown tool `{t}`	herramienta desconocida `{t}`
+@msg	unknown tool or command `{key}`	herramienta o comando desconocido `{key}`
+@msg	unknown workspace (one of {_1})	espacio de trabajo desconocido (uno de estos: {_1})
+@msg	unsupported: {0}	no compatible: {0}
+@msg	version {0} files can't be compressed: only version {COMPRESSED_SINCE} and later open compressed files	los archivos de la versión {0} no se pueden comprimir: solo la versión {COMPRESSED_SINCE} y posteriores abren archivos comprimidos
+@msg	width and height are at least 1 pixel	el ancho y el alto son de al menos 1 píxel
+@msg	workspace name can't be empty	el nombre del espacio de trabajo no puede estar vacío
+@msg	{C}: no effect at index {from}	{C}: no hay ningún efecto en el índice {from}
+@msg	{_1} failed: {e}	{_1} falló: {e}
+@msg	{_1} files can be opened but not written (see document.formats)	los archivos {_1} se pueden abrir pero no escribir (consulta document.formats)
+@msg	{_1} font families available	{_1} familias de fuentes disponibles
+@msg	{_1} is a live effect (Effect › Plug-ins)	{_1} es un efecto interactivo (Efecto › Plugins)
+@msg	{_1} is already used by {_2}	{_1} ya lo usa {_2}
+@msg	{_1} linked file(s) can't be read here: their previews show	aquí no se pueden leer {_1} archivo(s) vinculado(s): se muestran sus previsualizaciones
+@msg	{_1} linked image(s) changed on disk: Update Links shows the new versions	{_1} imagen(es) vinculada(s) cambiaron en el disco: Actualizar vínculos muestra las versiones nuevas
+@msg	{_1}: not saved, so not closed	{_1}: no se guardó, así que no se cerró
+@msg	{bpp}-bit bitmaps can't be read	no se pueden leer mapas de bits de {bpp} bits
+@msg	{command} didn't create an object	{command} no creó ningún objeto
+@msg	{label} produced an empty result	{label} produjo un resultado vacío
+@msg	{label}: lost track of a shape's style	{label}: se perdió el estilo de una forma
+@msg	{label}: select paths	{label}: selecciona trazados
+@msg	{label}: select paths, compound paths, groups or text	{label}: selecciona trazados, trazados compuestos, grupos o texto
+@msg	{label}…	{label}…
+@msg	{name}: CRC mismatch	{name}: el CRC no coincide
+@msg	{name}: no local header	{name}: no hay encabezado local
+@msg	{name}: no such recovery entry	{name}: no existe esa entrada de recuperación
+@msg	{path} can't be found: relink it first	no se encuentra {path}: vuelve a vincularlo primero
+@msg	{path}: no file system here (pass dataBase64 to open; omit the path to get dataBase64)	{path}: aquí no hay sistema de archivos (pasa dataBase64 para abrir; omite la ruta para obtener dataBase64)
+@msg	{path}: {e}	{path}: {e}
+@msg	{status} ({e})	{status} ({e})
+@msg	Couldn't place {name}: {e}	No se pudo colocar {name}: {e}
+@msg	Couldn't paste from the clipboard: {e}	No se pudo pegar desde el portapapeles: {e}
+@msg	Saved {path} with {_1} note(s): {first}	Se guardó {path} con {_1} nota(s): {first}
+@msg	Exported {what} with {_1} note(s): {first}	Se exportó {what} con {_1} nota(s): {first}
+@msg	Exported {what}	Se exportó {what}
+@msg	Saved {n} files beside {path}	Se guardaron {n} archivos junto a {path}
+@msg	Saving	Guardando
+@msg	Saving {_1}	Guardando {_1}
+@msg	Exporting {_1}	Exportando {_1}
+@msg	Saving recovery data for {_1}	Guardando datos de recuperación de {_1}
+@msg	Discarded {_1} recovered document(s)	Se descartaron {_1} documento(s) recuperado(s)
+@msg	Restored {_1} recovered document(s): save them to keep them	Se restauraron {_1} documento(s) recuperado(s): guárdalos para conservarlos
+@msg	Embedded {n} image(s); {missing} missing: relink them first	Se incrustaron {n} imagen(es); faltan {missing}: vuelve a vincularlas primero
+@msg	Embedded {n} image(s)	Se incrustaron {n} imagen(es)
+@msg	Relinked {_1} image(s)	Se volvieron a vincular {_1} imagen(es)
+@msg	Relinked {n} image(s)	Se volvieron a vincular {n} imagen(es)
+@msg	Relinked {n} image(s); not in that folder: {_1}	Se volvieron a vincular {n} imagen(es); no están en esa carpeta: {_1}
+@msg	Updated {_1} image(s)	Se actualizaron {_1} imagen(es)
+@msg	Unembedded to {_1}	Se desincrustó en {_1}
+@msg	Reset {_1}	Se restableció {_1}
+@msg	Sent to {_1}	Se envió a {_1}
+@msg	{_1} files	{_1} archivos
+@msg	The graphics were lost and have been restarted	Se perdieron los gráficos y se reiniciaron
+@msg	Loading VectorCraft…	Cargando VectorCraft…
+@msg	VectorCraft failed to start: {e}	VectorCraft no pudo iniciarse: {e}
+@msg	A browser with WebGPU or WebGL2 is required.	Se necesita un navegador con WebGPU o WebGL2.
+@msg	The graphics were lost and couldn't be restarted.	Se perdieron los gráficos y no se pudieron reiniciar.
+@msg	Your unsaved changes are kept in this browser: reload the page to get them back.	Tus cambios sin guardar se conservan en este navegador: vuelve a cargar la página para recuperarlos.
+@msg	Reload the page to go on (changes not saved yet may be lost).	Vuelve a cargar la página para continuar (los cambios que aún no se guardaron podrían perderse).
+@msg	floating must be true or false	floating debe ser true o false
+@msg	tool (a tool id) is required	se requiere tool (un id de herramienta)
+@msg	{tool} isn't in a toolbar group of several tools	{tool} no está en un grupo de la barra de herramientas con varias herramientas
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/mod.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/mod.rs
index 808927d2..3ab62826 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 //!   translation survives rewording of the English text and can differ per command.
 //! - [`trn`]: plural-aware (`{n}` is filled in). [`fmt`]: fill `{name}` placeholders after [`tr`];
 //!   translators may reorder placeholders freely.
+//! - [`message`] / [`msg`]: a status or error message, translated only where it is shown. The
+//!   message itself stays English (the control channel, MCP and tests read it); `@msg` catalog
+//!   rows hold whole messages or templates such as `Couldn't open {name}: {e}`, and the values in
+//!   the placeholders are translated in turn (the reason after `: {e}` is often a message too).
 
 mod catalog;
 
@@ -212,16 +216,28 @@ pub fn detect_system_lang_in_background() {
     }
 }
 
+/// The system language, worked out once.
+static SYSTEM: OnceLock<Lang> = OnceLock::new();
+
 /// The system language (cached). English when it can't be determined.
 pub fn system_lang() -> Lang {
     // Tests drive the UI by its English labels whatever the developer's locale is.
     if cfg!(test) {
         return Lang::EN;
     }
-    static SYSTEM: OnceLock<Lang> = OnceLock::new();
     *SYSTEM.get_or_init(detect_system_lang)
 }
 
+/// Tell the UI the system's preferred languages, most preferred first, where it can't find them
+/// itself: the web shell passes the browser's (`navigator.languages`). The first supported one is
+/// the system language (English if none is); call it before the first frame. Has no effect once
+/// the system language is known.
+pub fn set_system_locales<S: AsRef<str>>(tags: &[S]) {
+    let lang = tags.iter().find_map(|t| lang_from_tag(t.as_ref())).unwrap_or(Lang::EN);
+    // Already set means already detected (or reported): the first answer stands.
+    let _ = SYSTEM.set(lang);
+}
+
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 fn detect_system_lang() -> Lang {
     // `VECTORCRAFT_LOCALE` overrides everything (also handy for screenshots); then the POSIX
@@ -277,6 +293,7 @@ fn registry_locale(text: &str) -> Option<String> {
     text.lines().find(|l| l.contains("LocaleName")).and_then(|l| l.split_whitespace().last()).map(str::to_string)
 }
 
+/// The browser's languages arrive through [`set_system_locales`]; without them, English.
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 fn detect_system_lang() -> Lang {
     Lang::EN
@@ -351,6 +368,40 @@ pub fn label_or_name(lang: Lang, s: &str, built_in: bool) -> &str {
     if built_in { tr(lang, s) } else { s }
 }
 
+/// How deep [`message`] translates placeholder values that are messages themselves.
+const MESSAGE_DEPTH: usize = 3;
+
+/// Translate a status or error message for display (see the module docs). Unknown messages, and
+/// parts of them (file names, numbers, a reason with no entry), stay as they are.
+pub fn message(lang: Lang, s: &str) -> String {
+    message_at(lang, s, MESSAGE_DEPTH)
+}
+
+fn message_at(lang: Lang, s: &str, depth: usize) -> String {
+    let Some((template, caps)) = lang.catalog().message(s) else { return s.to_string() };
+    let values: Vec<(&str, String)> =
+        caps.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k, if depth > 1 { message_at(lang, v, depth - 1) } else { v.to_string() })).collect();
+    let args: Vec<(&str, &str)> = values.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, v.as_str())).collect();
+    fmt(template, &args)
+}
+
+/// [`message`] in the current language, remembering the last answer: the status bar asks for the
+/// same message every frame.
+pub fn msg(s: &str) -> String {
+    static LAST: std::sync::Mutex<Option<(&'static str, String, String)>> = std::sync::Mutex::new(None);
+    let lang = current();
+    let mut last = LAST.lock().unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+    if let Some((code, src, out)) = last.as_ref()
+        && *code == lang.code()
+        && src == s
+    {
+        return out.clone();
+    }
+    let out = message(lang, s);
+    *last = Some((lang.code(), s.to_string(), out.clone()));
+    out
+}
+
 /// [`trn`] in the current language.
 pub fn tn(n: u64, one: &str, other: &str) -> String {
     trn(current(), n, one, other)
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
index 1e84d763..0184b4d2 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
@@ -601,3 +601,150 @@ fn a_language_saved_by_an_older_version_carries_over() {
     crate::prefs_dialog::restore(&mut app);
     assert_eq!(app.session.prefs.interface_language, "cs");
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn messages_translate_by_template_and_their_parts() {
+    let c = Catalog::parse(concat!(
+        "@msg\tnothing selected\tnada seleccionado\n",
+        "@msg\t{path}: {e}\t{path}: {e}\n",
+        "@msg\tCouldn't open {name}: {e}\tNo se pudo abrir {name}: {e}\n",
+        "@msg\tcommand `{0}` is not available right now: {1}\tel comando `{0}` no está disponible ahora: {1}\n",
+        "@msg\t{a}{b}\tnever\n",
+        "@msg\t{n} of {total}\t{total} contiene {n}\n",
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(c.message("nothing selected").map(|m| m.0), Some("nada seleccionado"));
+    // The template with the most literal text wins over the generic `{path}: {e}`.
+    let (tr, caps) = c.message("Couldn't open a: b.svg: damaged").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(tr, "No se pudo abrir {name}: {e}");
+    assert_eq!(caps, [("name", "a"), ("e", "b.svg: damaged")], "a placeholder takes the shortest text that lets the rest match");
+    assert_eq!(c.message("x of y").unwrap().1, [("n", "x"), ("total", "y")]);
+    assert!(c.message("of y").is_none(), "a placeholder is never empty");
+    assert!(c.message("something else").is_none());
+    assert!(c.message(&"x".repeat(5000)).is_none());
+
+    let es = Lang::from_code("es").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(message(es, "no such message"), "no such message");
+    // A reason inside a message is translated too, and parts without entries stay as they are.
+    let nested = "command `object.group` is not available right now: nothing selected";
+    let shown = message(es, nested);
+    assert!(shown.contains("`object.group`") && !shown.contains("nothing selected") && !shown.contains("not available"), "{shown}");
+    assert_eq!(message(Lang::EN, nested), nested);
+}
+
+/// Each language that translates status and error messages ([`COMPLETE_MESSAGES`]) has an `@msg`
+/// row for every message in the sources that reach the status bar, so a new one can't ship
+/// untranslated by accident (`VECTORCRAFT_I18N_DUMP_MESSAGES=<file>` lists them).
+#[test]
+fn complete_languages_translate_every_message() {
+    let messages = message_literals();
+    assert!(messages.len() > 300, "scan found only {} messages", messages.len());
+    if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("VECTORCRAFT_I18N_DUMP_MESSAGES") {
+        std::fs::write(path, messages.iter().map(|m| format!("{m}\n")).collect::<String>()).expect("write dump");
+    }
+    for code in COMPLETE_MESSAGES {
+        let lang = Lang::from_code(code).expect("registered");
+        let (entries, _) = parse_entries(lang.0.source);
+        let rows: std::collections::HashSet<&str> = entries.iter().filter(|(ctx, _, _)| ctx == "@msg").map(|(_, src, _)| src.as_str()).collect();
+        let missing: Vec<_> = messages.iter().filter(|m| !rows.contains(m.as_str())).collect();
+        assert!(missing.is_empty(), "{code}: {} untranslated messages: {missing:#?}", missing.len());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Languages whose catalogs cover every status and error message.
+const COMPLETE_MESSAGES: &[&str] = &["es"];
+
+/// Crates whose error and status messages reach the status bar.
+const MESSAGE_CRATES: &[&str] = &["ui-egui", "engine", "doc", "format", "svg", "pdf", "eps", "text", "plugins", "metafile", "cad"];
+
+/// Where a message literal starts: a status, an error value, a `thiserror` message.
+const MESSAGE_MARKERS: &[&str] = &[".status(", "ui.status = ", "status = ", "Other(", "Err(", "ok_or(", "ok_or_else(|| ", "#[error("];
+
+/// Messages that are signals, not text for people.
+const NOT_MESSAGES: &[&str] = &["quit", "cancelled"];
+
+/// Every status and error message literal in [`MESSAGE_CRATES`] (test modules aside), as catalog
+/// templates: `{}` becomes `{_1}`, `{_2}` … and format specs are dropped (`{n:?}` → `{n}`).
+pub fn message_literals() -> std::collections::BTreeSet<String> {
+    let crates = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("..");
+    let mut out = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut stack: Vec<_> = MESSAGE_CRATES.iter().map(|c| crates.join(c).join("src")).collect();
+    while let Some(d) = stack.pop() {
+        for entry in std::fs::read_dir(&d).into_iter().flatten().flatten() {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let name = path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()).unwrap_or("");
+            if path.is_dir() {
+                if name != "tests" {
+                    stack.push(path);
+                }
+            } else if name.ends_with(".rs") && !name.starts_with("tests") {
+                let text = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap_or_default();
+                let code = without_test_module(&text);
+                for marker in MESSAGE_MARKERS {
+                    for (at, _) in code.match_indices(marker) {
+                        let rest = code[at + marker.len()..].trim_start();
+                        let rest = rest.strip_prefix("format!(").map_or(rest, str::trim_start);
+                        let Some(lit) = rest.strip_prefix('"').and_then(string_literal) else { continue };
+                        let has_word = lit.as_bytes().windows(3).any(|w| w.iter().all(u8::is_ascii_lowercase));
+                        if has_word && !NOT_MESSAGES.contains(&lit.as_str()) {
+                            out.insert(as_template(&lit));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Source up to its inline test module (`#[cfg(test)] mod tests {`); declarations of test files
+/// (`#[cfg(test)] mod tests_x;`) don't end it.
+fn without_test_module(text: &str) -> &str {
+    for (at, m) in text.match_indices("#[cfg(test)]") {
+        let after = text[at + m.len()..].trim_start();
+        if let Some(rest) = after.strip_prefix("mod ")
+            && rest.trim_start_matches(|c: char| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_').trim_start().starts_with('{')
+        {
+            return &text[..at];
+        }
+    }
+    text
+}
+
+/// The text of a string literal whose opening quote was just read, escapes resolved.
+fn string_literal(s: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    let mut it = s.chars();
+    loop {
+        match it.next()? {
+            '"' => return Some(out),
+            '\\' => match it.next()? {
+                'n' => out.push('\n'),
+                't' => out.push('\t'),
+                c => out.push(c),
+            },
+            c => out.push(c),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A format string as a catalog template (see [`message_literals`]).
+fn as_template(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    let mut unnamed = 0;
+    let mut rest = s;
+    while let Some(a) = rest.find('{') {
+        out.push_str(&rest[..a]);
+        let after = &rest[a + 1..];
+        let Some(b) = after.find('}') else { break };
+        let name = after[..b].split(':').next().unwrap_or("");
+        if name.is_empty() {
+            unnamed += 1;
+            out.push_str(&format!("{{_{unnamed}}}"));
+        } else {
+            out.push_str(&format!("{{{name}}}"));
+        }
+        rest = &after[b + 1..];
+    }
+    out.push_str(rest);
+    out
+}
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/place.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/place.rs
index 127b269e..963eb146 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/place.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/place.rs
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ pub fn drop_files(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, files: Vec<(String, Option<String>,
             }),
         };
         if let Err(e) = r {
-            app.status(format!("Couldn't {} {name}: {e}", if target == DropTarget::Open { "open" } else { "place" }));
+            app.status(if target == DropTarget::Open { format!("Couldn't open {name}: {e}") } else { format!("Couldn't place {name}: {e}") });
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/docs/development.md b/docs/development.md
index ec0e512c..809e75a0 100644
--- a/docs/development.md
+++ b/docs/development.md
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ international Spanish; every `es-*` locale such as `es-ES`, `es-MX`, `es-AR` or
 - The language is VectorCraft › Language (the `app.language` UI command, `{lang: auto|<code>}`) or Edit ›
   Preferences › User Interface › Language; both set the `interfaceLanguage` preference (`auto` or a language
   code; `auto` follows the system locale: `VECTORCRAFT_LOCALE`, then `LC_ALL`/`LC_MESSAGES`/`LANG`/`LANGUAGE`,
-  the macOS preferred languages, the Windows user locale). The web build has no locale detection yet and
-  starts in English. The Preferences dialog previews the chosen language before OK.
+  the macOS preferred languages, the Windows user locale; on the web, `?lang=<code>` in the address, then
+  the browser's `navigator.languages`). The Preferences dialog previews the chosen language before OK.
 - To add a language: add `<code>.tsv` and one row in `i18n::LANGUAGES` (code, native name, catalog, plural
   rule). The Language menu, the dropdown, locale matching and the catalog tests (well-formed, no duplicates,
   placeholders and ellipses agree, command ids exist, every row of a partial catalog is a string the UI
@@ -119,9 +119,19 @@ international Spanish; every `es-*` locale such as `es-ES`, `es-MX`, `es-AR` or
   (`VECTORCRAFT_I18N_DUMP=strings.txt cargo test -p vectorcraft-ui-egui dump_source_strings` lists them).
 - Translations are clean-room: written from the meaning of the English text in ordinary vocabulary, never
   from another product's localisation resources. Product and technology names stay in Latin letters.
-- Not translated on purpose: status-bar messages and errors (agents and tests read them), names that are
-  user data (layers, swatches, fonts, documents), the tab title's colour mode. Not done yet: locale-aware
-  number and date formats, right-to-left layout, locale detection on the web. Chinese and Japanese UI text
+- Status-bar messages and errors stay English where they are made (`app.ui.status`, `EngineError`: the
+  control channel, MCP and tests read them) and are translated only where the status bar draws them
+  (`i18n::msg`). `@msg` catalog rows hold a whole message or a template such as
+  `Couldn't open {name}: {e}`; `{_1}`, `{_2}` … stand for the format string's `{}`, and the values in the
+  placeholders are translated in turn (the reason after `: {e}` is often a message too). Spanish covers every
+  message literal the test scan finds (`complete_languages_translate_every_message`, languages listed in
+  `COMPLETE_MESSAGES`): a new `Err("…")`, `Other(…)`, `#[error(…)]` or `status(…)` message needs an `es.tsv`
+  row (`VECTORCRAFT_I18N_DUMP_MESSAGES=messages.txt cargo test -p vectorcraft-ui-egui
+  complete_languages_translate_every_message` lists them all). Other languages show messages in English
+  until they add `@msg` rows.
+- Not translated on purpose: names that are user data (layers, swatches, fonts, documents), the tab
+  title's colour mode, command ids and parameter names inside messages. Not done yet: locale-aware number
+  and date formats, right-to-left layout. Chinese and Japanese UI text
   is drawn with craft-fonts' BIZ UDPGothic when the build embeds it (see Fonts above), else with an installed
   system font; the glyph test checks Latin-script catalogs always and the CJK ones only with craft-fonts.
   A Traditional Chinese UI font is still to be added to craft-fonts for the web build.