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Project technical debt

Build

Building on Windows requires a specific version of mingw - MinGW-w64 GCC 15.2.0 (winlibs-gcc15, x86_64-ucrt-posix-seh)
Even compiled prx libraries on Windows require nearby (static linking of these dependencies causes conflicts):
- libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
- libstdc++-6.dll
- libwinpthread-1.dll
winpthreads initializes a statically initialized rwlock on its first lock and fails a concurrent first lock with EINVAL, which std::shared_mutex and std::shared_timed_mutex ignore, so that lock does not exclude. Guest rwlocks (Pthread.hpp) are locked once when created. The host std::shared_mutex objects in Recompiler.cpp and GuestWriteWatch.cpp are not, and can still race on their first contended use.

Silent stubs

Throughout the project, every function at every stage either does exactly what it's supposed to or throws an exception. Everywhere... except:

libSceSaveDataDialog.native shows no UI and ignores progress values. Progress-bar mode (5) stays running until the caller closes it, matching Skyrim PPSA03747's save sequence; other modes still finish immediately and return button 1 and the first nonempty directory name. Console dialog timing and selection behavior remain unverified.
libSceMsgDialog.native - dialogs finish at sceMsgDialogOpen without UI and answer with button 1, so sceMsgDialogClose returns NOT_RUNNING; its result before sceMsgDialogInitialize follows libSceMsgDialog
libSceCommonDialog
libSceErrorDialog - the error dialog runs the state machine but shows nothing; the error code passed to sceErrorDialogOpen is only logged
libSceLoginDialog - the login dialog runs the common-dialog state machine but shows nothing and reports the user as having cancelled
libSceCdlgG2P - the G2P dialog runs the common-dialog state machine but shows nothing and reports the user as having cancelled. The signatures (Open and GetResult take a pointer, the others none) and the leading int32 result are assumed from the other common dialogs, not verified for G2P; PPSA01289 imports it
libSceVrSetupDialog - the VR setup dialog runs the common-dialog state machine but shows nothing and reports the user as having cancelled, as no headset is supported (see libSceHmd2). The signatures are assumed from the other common dialogs; PPSA12544 imports it
libSceHmd implements only the disconnected-headset path: initialization succeeds, device queries report NotDetected, and opening a device returns DeviceDisconnected. Headset support, tracking, rendering and additional HMD exports are not implemented; SDK-level ABI compatibility and in-game behaviour remain unverified.
pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol, pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling, pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling (libkernel) - the protocol and the priority ceiling are stored and reported as in FreeBSD's libthr (the ceiling is set or read only under PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT, and setting a protocol resets it to the highest SCHED_RR priority), but mutexes do not apply them: a priority-inherit or priority-protect mutex locks like a normal one and does not change its owner's priority
libSceHmd2 has no PS VR2 runtime: sceHmd2Initialize fails, and every other export it has (and every libSceVrTracker2 export) throws. PPSA01317 skips its whole VR set-up when initialization fails
libSceMbus implements only the no-device path: initialization and termination succeed, no device events are reported and device queries return no entries
libSceAudioPropagation implements only the no-acoustic-propagation path: the system keeps a 16-byte header in the title's CPU memory (no GPU memory), rooms, portals, sources and materials are tracked handles, attributes are validated and have no effect, no rays are requested and sources report no audio paths. Ray results, path calculation and audio paths are accepted only when empty and throw otherwise; sceAudioPropagationSourceRender writes silence (zeroes) to each source's output buffer for the given size, without a dry signal. Objects still alive when their system is destroyed become unusable, and their later destroy or unregister is a no-op: PPSA21567 releases its reference-counted room, portal and source owners just before sceAudioPropagationSystemDestroy, so the order for every object is not proven. Occlusion, reflections and reverb from level geometry are absent; in-game behaviour remains unverified.
libSceNpCommerce - the PS Store icon show/hide calls and sceNpCommerceSetPsStoreIconLayout do nothing
libSceUsbd implements only the no-device path: sceUsbdInit and sceUsbdExit succeed without a host USB context, the device list is always empty and event handling waits for its timeout; calls that need a device throw. Transfers follow the libusb_transfer layout from libusb.h, which shadPS4 passes to titles as SceUsbdTransfer: sceUsbdAllocTransfer zero-allocates one with its iso packet count (a negative count returns null), sceUsbdFillInterruptTransfer fills the fields libusb_fill_interrupt_transfer sets, and sceUsbdCancelTransfer reports LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND mapped to 0x80240005 by shadPS4's 0x80240000 - error rule, since no transfer can be submitted. sceUsbdEventHandlingOk returns 1 because no other thread handles events, and sceUsbdFreeConfigDescriptor accepts only null because no descriptor is ever returned. The layout and error codes are unverified on PS5
libSceSystemService - sceSystemServicePowerTick, sceSystemServiceReportAbnormalTermination, sceSystemServiceDisableMusicPlayer, sceSystemServiceReenableMusicPlayer, sceSystemServiceDisableMediaPlay and sceSystemServiceReenableMediaPlay return success and do nothing: the host has no auto power-off timer to reset, no system crash reporter to notify, no system music player to pause or resume and no system media playback to disable. PPSA01521 calls sceSystemServiceDisableMediaPlay during start-up, and its wrappers for both pass no arguments
sceSystemServiceLaunchWebBrowser (libSceSystemService) - AnyPS5 launches no web browser, so the call fails and nothing is shown. RommPS PPSA76677 then tells the player to scan its QR code instead
libSceBluetoothHid implements only the no-device path: initialization and callback and device registration succeed, the callback is never called because no device connects, and calls that need a connected device throw
System gesture recognizers (libSceSystemGesture) - sceSystemGestureGetPrimitiveTouchEvents, GetPrimitiveTouchEventsCount, GetTouchEvents, GetPrimitiveTouchEventByIndex and the recognizer append, remove, reset and update calls report that no touch input exists and keep no recognizer state, so a title never receives a gesture event. Handle and pointer arguments are still checked. Error codes follow the 0x80D1 values main already uses in this file; KytyPS5 uses 0x8089 (INVALID_ARGUMENT 0x80890001, INVALID_HANDLE 0x80890006), and which one the console returns is not verified
sceVideoOutOpen validates the priority and CPU affinity that the open param requests for the VideoOut service thread but does not apply them: the port's present and vblank threads are host threads, and guest priorities and affinities do not reach host scheduling
sceVideoOutAddVrrStatusFlagsPrivilege returns 0 and does nothing: the host output has no VRR state to report. The name comes from an assert message in a title that requires SCE_VIDEO_OUT_OK; the NID hashes to it, the arguments are unknown (it is called without any)
sceVideoOutVrrPegToFixedRate, sceVideoOutVrrUnpegFromFixedRate (libSceVideoOut) - PPSA05684 passes the handle to both, two further zero arguments to sceVideoOutVrrPegToFixedRate, and ignores the results. The meaning of those two arguments is unknown, so only zeros are accepted. VRR is not modelled and the output always runs at a fixed rate, so both calls only validate the handle and return 0
libSceAudio3d - the port produces no sound: objects can be reserved and sceAudio3dObjectSetAttributes accepts their attributes, but the library has no bed exports or mixing to give them audio, the attributes have no effect and sceAudio3dPortPush only paces the queue at granularity samples per frame at 48 kHz. sceAudio3dPortSetAttribute accepts the late reverb level and the downmix spread attributes and ignores them. sceAudio3dObjectSetAttributes validates the port, the reserved object and the attribute array (an object id that was never reserved returns the invalid-object error, while shadPS4 returns success for it and the error only for a released object; neither is measured on a console), treating the reset-state attribute as valid with a null value and requiring a value for the others; the attribute identifiers and the value of each are not interpreted. sceAudio3dPortFlush drops the frames queued by sceAudio3dPortAdvance instead of mixing and submitting them to an output, as there is no output
libSceTextToSpeech2 has no speech engine: sceTextToSpeech2Initialize fails and the other exports throw. PPSA01317 skips its narration set-up when initialization fails
libSceAvPlayer: sceAvPlayerSetLogCallback accepts a callback that is never called, as the player produces no log messages, and sceAvPlayerSetAvailableBandwidth has no effect, as it governs HLS sources, which sceAvPlayerAddSource does not implement.
libSceHttp2 - no request reaches the network, so sceHttp2SetMinSslVersion has no TLS connection to restrict and returns success for any id, like sceHttp2SslEnableOption (prosper returns the invalid-id error for an unknown one)
libSceNpTrophy2: sceNpTrophy2RegisterUnlockCallback accepts a callback that is never called, as no trophy is ever unlocked, and sceNpTrophy2UnregisterUnlockCallback only returns success.
sceAvPlayerSetTrickSpeed (libSceAvPlayer) with a negative speed runs the clock backwards but delivers no frames; when a forward speed is set again, playback resumes from the rewound time.
sceRudpActivate (libSceRudp) - there is no reliable-UDP stack on the host to activate, so it returns success without doing anything, as shadPS4 does for its own sceRudpActivate. PPSA01325 calls it with no arguments during start-up; what the console activates, and whether it reports an error before sceRudpInit, is unverified
ulobjmgr registers no object: _sceUlobjmgrRegisterObject always hands out id 0 and _sceUlobjmgrUnregisterObject releases nothing, as shadPS4 does
libSceHttp - no request reaches the network, so sceHttpSetResponseHeaderMaxSize has no response header to limit, sceHttpSetRecvBlockSize ((int id, u32 blockSize) as in shadPS4) no response body to read in blocks and sceHttpRedirectCacheFlush no redirect to forget; sceHttpsUnloadCert returns success like sceHttpsLoadCert, which keeps no certificate; sceHttpSetRedirectCallback and sceHttpSetCookieRecvCallback accept callbacks that are never called, sceHttpsSetSslVersion has no TLS connection to configure and sceHttpsGetSslError reports error 0 with detail 0; sceHttpSetAuthInfoCallback accepts a callback that is never called, as no server asks for authentication
sceFontGlyphDefineAttribute (libSceFont) checks the glyph and ignores the attribute and its value, whose meaning is unknown. PPSA01325 sets attribute 0x11 to 0 on a glyph from sceFontGenerateCharGlyph that it deletes unused, and draws the character with sceFontRenderCharGlyphImageHorizontal
sceAudioInInit (libSceAudioIn) - returns 0 without library-wide setup, as sceAudioOutInit does; each sceAudioInOpen opens its own SDL capture device

Unknown function info

sceCoredumpGetThreadContextInfo (libkernel, NID ShChva57wIM) - declared as a throwing stub. The pointer and size arguments and integer return type follow SharpProspero's PS5 bindings. The context structure and console behavior are unverified; the stub does not read or write caller memory. PPSA01736 imports it
sceNpWebApi2PushEventAbortHandle (libSceNpWebApi2, NID 1OLgvahaSco) is a throwing stub. The two signed 32-bit handle arguments and return type follow shadPS4 (PS4); the PS5 signature and abort behavior are unverified. PPSA01736 imports it.
sceNpGetSandboxInfo (libSceNpManager, NID ZVZ++68nNI8) - the name hashes to the imported NID (found with nidhunt, confirmed with tools/nid_names.py). STAR WARS: Galactic Racer (PPSA28416) imports it; its OnlineSubsystemPS5 calls it with one pointer to a 0x50-byte stack buffer and reads the buffer as a string (discussions/3086). The returned string, the exact parameter struct and console errors are unknown, so every call throws without reading or writing caller memory. A working implementation belongs with that title's bring-up.
sceKernelGetSystemSwVersion (libkernel) reports baseline system software version 0x01000000 ("01.000.000") for ProsperoStore (PPSA99000). The 0x28-byte layout (uint64_t size at 0, versionString at 8 and version at 0x24) matches ProsperoStore's caller, shadPS4, fpPS4 and OpenOrbis. These sources support the structure layout, but not the reported version value: the console firmware version remains unverified. The checks are unverified too: a null pointer returns SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EFAULT and a size other than 0x28 returns SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL, while shadPS4 returns success for null and never reads size.
kern.rng_pseudo (libkernel) - sysctlbyname fills the whole output buffer with bytes from the host's std::random_device and leaves the length unchanged; a write returns -1 with EPERM and a call without an output buffer throws. The only caller seen is mbedTLS's mbedtls_hardware_poll in the catalog's ProsperoLight boilerplate, which asks for 64-byte blocks and fails if fewer come back. The console's generator, its per-call maximum and its answer to a size query are unknown
PPSA01530, PPSA23827 and PPSA13356 imports declared without parameters, signatures unknown, added without an implementation because the titles fail to load without them: sceNetShowIfconfig (libSceNet), sce::Json::Value::setNullAccessCallBack (libSceJson2), kqueue and kevent (libkernel), and scePadUnknown_n3kSX62fgNo (libScePad), whose real name is unknown. _sceUltWaitingQueueResourcePoolCreate and _sceUltSemaphoreCreate (libSceUlt) forward to sceUltWaitingQueueResourcePoolCreate and sceUltSemaphoreCreate; that their argument lists match is inferred from the other underscore Ult exports, not measured.
sceVideoOutGetOutputStatusWithVrr (libSceVideoOut, NID gWT7X8H0bYs) - the name hashes to the imported NID. PPSA26344 version 02.002.000 passes a VideoOut handle and an output pointer at three call sites. It compares a 32-bit value at byte 4 with 2, tests bit 0x10 at byte 16, and, when set, compares low 16-bit values at bytes 48, 50 and 52 with 48, 60 and 120. The full output layout, size, field meanings and console errors are unknown. Every call throws without reading or writing caller memory.
sceHttp2WebSocketSetPingInterval (libSceHttp2, NID YfaXPnc8PJE) - imported by libdiscord_partner_sdk.prx of PPSA23126 (issue 2648). The parameters, the unit of the interval and the console errors are unknown. Every call throws.
sceKernelGetProsperoSystemSwVersion (libkernel) reports system software version 0x01000000 ("01.000.000"); the console's firmware version is not modeled. The 0x28-byte block (a 64-bit size at 0, the version string at 8 and the packed version at 0x24) follows SharpProspero, which Prospero Multi Tools (PPSA99110) and Prospero Explorer (PPSA99109) are built with and which sets the size to 40, and the same fields in etaHEN and shsrv. A size other than 0x28 returns SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL without writing; whether the console checks the size is unverified, since etaHEN and shsrv declare a 0x30-byte block and do not set it
sceKernelGetAllowedSdkVersionOnSystem (libkernel) reports the system software version with the 12 patch bits set, 0x01000fff, as shadPS4 does on the PS4 and as SharpProspero describes it, which Prospero Explorer (PPSA99109) reads it through; a null pointer returns SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL. The console's value and its errors are unverified
sceSystemServiceLaunchApp (libSceSystemService) - AnyPS5 runs one title and cannot start another, so every call throws without reading its arguments. The (title ID, null-terminated argv, launch parameters) signature follows SharpProspero, whose AppLauncher Prospero Explorer (PPSA99109) and Prospero Multi Tools (PPSA99110) import it through and which passes a 0x20-byte launch context or null; the console's argument checks and errors are unknown
getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid and issetugid (libkernel) report the root identity (0) and a process that never changed credentials (issetugid 0), as a jailbroken process has; the host user and group are not exposed to the guest. The values a title sees on a console are unverified
sceKernelGetAppInfo (libkernel) - only app_id and the title ID (offset 0x10, up to 9 characters plus a terminator) are written; callers declare the structure with different sizes, so the rest is left alone. app_id is 1, the running title's id in libSceSystemService, which is a guess, not something measured. The error codes follow shadPS4: EPERM for another process, and 0 without writing anything for a null pointer.
libScePlayGo - without playgo-chunkdefs.xml every chunk id is reported as installed (LOCAL_FAST) while scePlayGoGetChunkId still lists only chunk 0; the console's answer for an id outside the package's chunk table is not checked.
sceFontSetScriptLanguage, sceFontGetScriptLanguage, sceFontSetTypographicDesign, sceFontGetTypographicDesign (libSceFont) - signatures follow SharpProspero, not confirmed for the PS5. The handle keeps the language set for each script and the feature set for each typographic design and returns them, with 0 for one never set; the console default and its valid ranges are unknown, so any value is accepted. Neither setting changes shaping or rendering yet
Packed pixel ancillary word (shader recompiler) - the sample index at bits 8-11 and the render target index at bits 16-28 follow #295, and their equality with the SampleId and Layer builtins is inferred, not measured. A value passed through a select, move or phi is rebuilt from those two fields with bits 0-7, 12-15 and 29-31 zero. That is exact only because every read of the word must be an extract inside one modelled field; any other read throws. The other bits are unmodelled and their RDNA 2 layout is unknown: the RDNA 3.5 ISA is reported to give prim type at bits 0-1, VRS rates at bits 2-5 and eye id at bit 7, which was not checked against RDNA 2
sceAudioPropagationSourceSetAudioPath (libSceAudioPropagation, NID tKSmk2JsMAA) - (uint64_t path, const void* data, float gain) follows SharpProspero and SAROS's call, which passes a handle from sceAudioPropagationSourceGetAudioPath, path data and gain 1.0. Path updates are unsupported and every call throws without reading or writing caller memory. The no-propagation model yields no path handles; path allocation, ownership, rendering and console error codes remain unknown.
Color comparison descriptor forms: emulated color comparison supports UNORM, SNORM and float formats for 2D, 2D-array and cube views. sRGB formats, anisotropic filters and bilinear cube comparisons without DISABLE_CUBE_WRAP are refused; cube-edge sampling behavior and console coverage on PS5's gfx1013 remain unverified.
sceNpEntitlementAccessGetEntitlementKey - the three-argument signature, 16-byte key and errors 0x817D0002/0x817D0007 follow KytyPS5; PPSA01521 passes a service label, entitlement label and output pointer. Only the no-key path is implemented: local entitlement labels carry no keys, and the output is untouched on failure. Console error precedence and key provisioning are unverified
sceNpEntitlementAccess{Request,Poll}{Unified,Service}EntitlementInfoList - signatures unknown; no reference implements them, so they are declared without parameters. Like the consume requests in the same library, they report the signed-out NP state with SCE_NP_ERROR_SIGNED_OUT (0x80550006) and write nothing. PPSA15657 calls the unified request during start-up and continues past the error. Whether the console fails at the request or at the poll when signed out is unverified
sceRudpGetStatus - PPSA01521 passes an output pointer and byte count 0xF8. Measured on a PS5 (firmware 13.60): the status is 0xF8 bytes; before sceRudpInit every call returns RUDP_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED, and after it a null pointer or a byte count of 0 or above 0xF8 returns RUDP_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT. The layout matches SceRudpStatus in Vita3K with currentContexts at 0x64 and allocs, frees, memCurrent and memPeak at 0xC8 to 0xD4. Only currentContexts is reported: the traffic counters stay 0 because nothing is sent, and the allocator counters stay 0 because the library does not allocate from the title's pool (the console reports 6 allocations and 0x1260 bytes right after sceRudpInit, and 4 more allocations and 0x3F0 bytes per context). The console also writes currentContexts and the allocator counters when the byte count is smaller than their offset; only the requested bytes are written here.
sceHttpSetCookieEnabled - the two-argument signature and 0/1 enable values follow VitaSDK and shadPS4; PPSA01521 passes 0 to disable cookies. Disabling succeeds because the offline HTTP backend has no cookie engine; enabling throws. Invalid enable values use the same error as sceHttpSetInflateGZIPEnabled. Like the existing offline HTTP setters, the handle is not validated; requests still fail with the network error. Console behavior is unverified
sceHmd2Initialize (libSceHmd2) - the error the console returns when the PS VR2 runtime is unavailable is unknown; it returns libSceHmd's UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE (0x81110016). PPSA01317 passes a pointer to 16 zeroed bytes and only tests the result for non-zero
PPSA01317 imports declared without parameters, signatures unknown: the remaining libSceHmd2 and libSceVrTracker2 exports. Names from the aerolib NID list
libSceMbus (libSceDeviceService) - signatures taken from PPSA01317, which calls sceDeviceServiceInitialize(3, 0), polls sceDeviceServiceGetEventState(1) and queries again when bit 0 or 1 is set, and calls sceDeviceServiceQueryDeviceInfo_(0x7001, 0, 0, infos, 1, &count, &unknown, 0x70), treating a negative result as an error and count as the number of entries. The host has no devices: the event state is 0 and a query returns 0 with count 0
NGS2 ATRAC9 waveform loops accepts one integer forward smpl loop. Inclusive RIFF endpoints and encoder-delay adjustment follow vgmstream riff.c. PPSA03747 supplies a 60-byte sampler chunk with one loop, samplerData 24, start 256, inclusive end 299224 and delay 256 for 298969 audible samples. The chunk size and loop count bound the records; samplerData is not interpreted. Output positions are assumed to use audible samples and an exclusive end. Blocks split into an optional intro, a repeated range and an optional tail; zero play count means infinite repeats, positive play count includes the first pass. ATRAC9 ranges include a preceding codec frame for decoder history. The output block layout, repeat-count mapping and error codes are unverified on hardware. Multiple, reverse, alternating and fractional loops throw.
NGS2 submixer UserFx (control 0x20000004) invokes the title's callback after input mixing on every playing grain, including silence. The 40-byte control and 48-byte process context follow shadPS4. PPSA03747 installs a peak-meter callback; its code confirms the channel pointers, user data 0, channel count, grain size and sample-rate offsets and returns 0. Other user data words are preserved. Flags are assumed to be 1 after registration/restart and 0 thereafter, following UserFx2's first-process convention; this callback does not inspect them. Null handlers disable the effect, setup clears it, and nonzero callback results throw. These lifecycle and error semantics are unverified on console hardware.
NGS2 ATRAC9 streaming keeps waveform duration and skip counts across compressed input blocks. The shared APPEND flag (2), called ONLY_DATA in the compressed-data reference, ignores an ATRAC9 continuation block's sample, skip and repeat counts, following KytyPS5; PPSA03747 confirms a 262044-byte initial buffer declaring 11310532 samples, followed by 16384-byte buffers with flags 3. Incomplete superframes are retained until more input arrives. Input-block completion callbacks allow refills; the final callback of a logical waveform waits for its buffered PCM to drain, preserving the existing complete-block repeat behaviour. This buffering, callback timing, decoded-byte accounting and starvation silence are unverified on hardware. A closed ATRAC9 stream ending before its declared samples throws; fragmented ATRAC9 waveforms with repeats are unsupported. PCM streaming retains its existing append validation and early-close behaviour.
PPSA01341 imports declared without parameters, signatures unknown: sceAgcSetSemaphoreMemory. Name from the shadPS4 aerolib NID list
sceAppContentDownloadDataGetAvailableSpaceKb (libSceAppContent) - a title whose param.json declares downloadDataSize 0 gets 0 KB and OK; the console's behaviour for a title without a download data area is unverified (it may return an error instead). KytyPS5 does not special-case it, and shadPS4 stubs 1048576 KB
sceNpEAAccessInitialize, sceNpEAAccessTerminate (libSceNpPartner001) - names and the no-argument signatures follow shadPS4; imported by PPSA23566, not confirmed on a PS5 title
libSceBluetoothHid (libSceBluetoothHid) - signatures taken from PPSA01317: sceBluetoothHidInit() and sceBluetoothHidUnregisterCallback() without arguments, sceBluetoothHidRegisterCallback(callback, 0, param) with a 16-byte param, and sceBluetoothHidRegisterDevice / sceBluetoothHidUnregisterDevice(vendorId, productId); the report and device name exports are declared without parameters
sceAgcWaitRegMemPatchMask (libSceAgc) - follows sceAgcWaitRegMemPatchReference: the mask is taken as a 32-bit value and written to the low mask word of a 32- or 64-bit wait, as OpenAGC does; sharpemu writes both words of a 64-bit wait's mask. A mask above 32 bits throws
scePsmlMfsr2CreateContext, scePsmlMfsr2CreateSharedResources, scePsmlMfsr2GetContextInitRequirement, scePsmlMfsr2GetDispatchPackets, scePsmlMfsr2GetDispatchPacketsSizeInDwords, scePsmlMfsr2GetSharedResourcesInitRequirement, scePsmlMfsr2Init, scePsmlMfsr2ReleaseContext, scePsmlMfsr2ReleaseSharedResources (libScePsml_mfsr2) - unknown signatures, imported by PPSA23566; declared without parameters
sceAgcDcbSetCfRegisterDirect, sceAgcDcbSetCfRegisterRangeDirect (libSceAgc) - signatures follow OpenAGC and SharpProspero, which agree; the SET_CONFIG_REG (0x68) packet is OpenAGC's. The driver does not execute SET_CONFIG_REG, so a submitted packet throws
scePadOpenExt (libScePad) - only special ports (type 2) are handled, and they return DEVICE_NOT_CONNECTED (0x80920007) because the host has no special controller; whether the console opens a handle and reports the device as disconnected later is unknown. PPSA01317 passes a 16-byte param that names the device by vendor and product id (b7 0e 04 0e ... for 0x0eb7:0x0e04) and skips the user on any negative result. Other port types throw
scePadVrControllerReadState (libScePad, NID iA-DdobUen8) - the name hashes to the imported NID; the (int handle, void* state) signature follows PS5VR (PPSA99177), which passes a PS VR2 Sense controller handle from scePadOpen type 3 or 4 and a 0x68-byte state it reads as buttons at 0, stick bytes at 4 and a connected byte at 0x40. The title calls it only after sceHmd2Initialize succeeds, which it does not here, so every call throws; the state layout is otherwise unknown
PPSA23566 imports declared without parameters, signatures unknown: sceAudioOut2UserGetSupportedAttributes, sceConvertKeycodeGetCharacterFromKeyboardData, sce::Json::MemAllocator::notifyError, sceNetResolverAbort, sceNpCommerceDialogOpen2, sceNpEntitlementAccessGetPftFlag, sceProprietaryVoiceChatHelper{Initialize,Terminate,SetVoiceChatState,GetVoiceChatUsageState}, sceVoice{GetResourceInfo,ResetPort,EnableChat,DisableChat}. Names from the shadPS4 aerolib NID list
PPSA28416 imports declared without parameters, signatures unknown: sceAudioOut2EnableChat, imported by its bundled party-ps5-shipping.prx. Name from the shadPS4 aerolib NID list
sceVoiceChatRequestCreateVoiceChatGroup, sceVoiceChatRequestJoinVoiceChatGroup, sceVoiceChatRequestLeaveVoiceChatGroup, sceVoiceChatRequestDeleteVoiceChatGroup (libSceVoiceChat) - assumed to take a request id and two pointers like the other sceVoiceChatRequest* calls; offline, every argument is ignored and SIGNED_OUT is returned, as for those
sceAvPlayerAddSource (libSceAvPlayer) - requests up to 4 additional decode-ahead video framebuffers from the memory replacement beyond num_output_video_framebuffers when memory is available; the console's internal buffering behaviour is unknown
sceTextToSpeech2Initialize (libSceTextToSpeech2) - the console's error for an unavailable speech engine is unknown; it returns the kernel's EOPNOTSUPP (0x8002002D). PPSA01317 passes a param that starts with 0x2000000 and only tests the result for non-zero; the other exports it imports are declared without parameters
sceSystemServiceLaunchWebBrowser (libSceSystemService) - the console's error for an unavailable web browser is unknown; it returns the kernel's EOPNOTSUPP (0x8002002D) for any arguments. The (uri, param) signature follows RommPS, which passes a URL and a null param and only tests the result for zero; the param layout and the console's argument checks are unknown
sceAgcDcbClearState (libSceAgc) - the (buffer, command) signature follows SharpProspero and OpenAGC, and the 2-dword CLEAR_STATE (0x12) packet is OpenAGC's; OpenAGC masks the command to 4 bits, here a command above 0xf throws, as the driver rejects that payload
Command buffer cursors (libSceAgc) - a null cursor_down is taken as a buffer without downward allocations, whose limit is top. PPSA16064 builds one-packet buffers of 8 dwords that way; the console's handling is unconfirmed
sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers2 (libSceVideoOut) - buffer option 8 (STRICT_COLORIMETRY) is presented as option 0, with the stored values unchanged; what the console changes for it is unknown. Only options 0 and 8 are accepted
sceAgcGetRegisterDefaultsInternal (libSceAgc) - returns the version 0 internal table, as sceAgcGetRegisterDefaults returns the version 0 public one; OpenAGC returns the table of the version passed to sceAgcInit instead, and null before it
sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers2 (libSceVideoOut) - DCC buffers (category 1): dcc_control is taken as the CB_DCC_CONTROL block layout, only bits 0x10026c are accepted; dcc_cb_register_clear_color as the register-clear texel, only 32-bit values are presented
sceVideoOutIsOutputSupported (libSceVideoOut) - only the default mode (1) is reported as supported. The console answers per display and per title: with a 120 Hz TV it also answers 1 for mode 15 (119.88 Hz), and PS5_Vulkan measured that sceVideoOutConfigureOutput accepts 15 only from a title whose param.json declares high-frame-rate output (attribute3 0x80040). Modes 4, 7, 8, 12-17 and 19 return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OUTPUT_MODE here, as they did on the measured display. Mode 18 throws, because one console answered 0x80290016 and another 0x8029001E. The name VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_UNKNOWN_OUTPUT_MODE for 0x8029001E is ours. Word 3 of the output options is accepted with any value, as on the console, and its meaning is unknown. PPSA12544 probes 0xd000000a, which the console answers with 0x8029001E, so the title selects 3840 pixels
sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus (libSceVideoOut) - the 48-byte layout follows the declarations in ps5-opengl and EVO-PLAYER-PS5 (#1578), which agree; not confirmed on a console. screenSizeInInch is 0, the value EDID uses for an undefined size, since the host display's size is not read; flags is 0, its bits are unknown. The pane equals the full size because sceVideoOutSetWindowModeMargins applies no margins
sceVideoOutOpen (libSceVideoOut) - the open param's first word is unknown (PPSA21564 passes 16; it is not the byte size, since the affinity mask is at offset 16); only 16 is accepted. Whether the param continues past offset 24 is also unknown
s_setkill (core/shader/recompiler) - decoded as s_endpgm for any immediate: measured on RDNA2 hardware (gfx1035), a store before it is visible and nothing after it runs (#771); whether the KILL status bit it sets is observable differently from s_endpgm is unverified
sceRtcParseDateTime (libSceRtc) - the console's zone name table is only known from the names measured on a PS5 (firmware 13.60); any other name is assumed to take the military letter offset of its first character, as every measured name outside the table does (HST, MSK, XYZ), so a name the console's table holds but nobody measured gets the wrong offset
sceAudio3dPortOpen (libSceAudio3d) - buffer modes 0 and 1 (also selected by the 0x10 and 0x18 parameter sizes) and 3 beds depend on an SDK version check in the module (prosper) and throw. A repeated sceAudio3dInitialize (NOT_READY in shadPS4, 0 in prosper) and sceAudio3dPortAdvance on a full queue (NOT_READY in shadPS4, unhandled in KytyPS5) throw too
sceAudiodecDecode (libSceAudiodec) - a raw M4AAC stream carries no channel configuration, so the decoder tries the mono/stereo configuration and then configurations 3 to 7 within ui_max_channels until one decodes the first access unit, and keeps that one. No reference documents how the library picks the layout (shadPS4 maps the channel count straight to the configuration; SharpProspero only describes the maximum). With the stereo configuration a mono raw stream decodes as 2 channels, so 2 is reported, not 1
sceAudio3dObjectReserve (libSceAudio3d) - object ids, the max_objects limit and the checks of sceAudio3dObjectReserve and sceAudio3dObjectUnreserve follow shadPS4 (PS4), the only reference with a body: ids count up from 1 per port, skipping 0, 0xFFFFFFFF and ids in use, and a failed reserve writes 0xFFFFFFFF
s_sethalt (core/shader/recompiler) - with SIMM16[0] clear it is a no-op: the RDNA 2 ISA guide describes that value as resuming a halted wave, and a wave that executes it is not halted; measured on a gfx1035 (RDNA 2) wave: s_sethalt 0 followed by a VALU op completes and gives the normal result. Only SIMM16[0] is read; with it set the instruction throws
AMPR WriteAddressFromCounterPairOnCompletion (libSceAmpr) - the pair of an even counter n is assumed to give counter n in the low 32 bits and n + 1 in the high 32 bits. Wait compare values, wait flush and counter index ranges follow the ampr_emu reimplementation; the flush is accepted and has no effect, as commands run in order
AMPR command sizes (libSceAmpr) - commands use the emulator's own encoding with an 8-byte header, so Nop(n) takes 8 + 4n bytes where the console record is n dwords including its header (NopWithData(n): (n + 1) dwords). The measure functions agree with the appended sizes, but a title that pads to an exact offset or the end of the buffer with Nop(remaining / 4) gets SCE_AMPR_ERROR_BUFFER_FULL or a shifted offset. The at-start flag of the _04_00 writes is ignored; commands run in order, each after the previous one completes
AMPR object layout and compact gathers - the 24-byte object and offsets (type 0, cursor 4, count 8, capacity 12, pointer 16) follow ampr_emu assertions and its C declaration. AnyPS5 represents the 32-bit type word as low 16-bit type and high 16-bit recording flags. Command encoding is AnyPS5 internal: opcode 29 and three 32-bit words encode the high offset byte, length minus one and low offset word. The 12-byte size reduces HFW's 1 MiB buffer pressure; it is not a claim about console opcode encoding. Existing 40-bit offsets and lengths 1 through 2^32 are retained; console behavior outside those limits is unverified.
APR resolve ForEach result (libkernel) - sceKernelAprResolveFilepathsToIdsAndFileSizesForEach returns the number of paths that resolved, with the per-path status in results and the failed ids/sizes set to the invalid id and 0. The ampr_emu bridge passes the count of its resolver through and does not show what is counted; counting successes is not confirmed on a title. The guest errno of the failing non-ForEach resolves is set through __error_nid_postfix
AMPR counter access (libSceAmpr) - signatures and checks of WaitOnCounter_04_00, WriteCounter_04_00, ConstructNop and ConstructMarker taken from the ampr_emu reimplementation, which hands counter commands to the console and does not show their effect. The counters are taken as 32 bits each: the 8-byte access of counter n spans n (low) and n + 1 (high), the 2- and 1-byte accesses select a half or a byte of the counter by its offset, waits compare at the access width (signed and wrapped compares included), the AND mask applies to both sides and the atomic writes wrap within the access. The ConstructNop type is not recorded
APR gather and scatter reads (libSceAmpr) - signatures, argument checks and the read cursor taken from the ampr_emu reimplementation, not confirmed on a title: each read leaves the file, the next file offset and the next destination; a gather reads that file at a new offset into the next destination, a scatter continues in the file into a new destination, a gather-scatter takes both. Recording one needs a read file since the last ResetGatherScatterState; like ampr_emu, sceAmprCommandBufferReset keeps that state, and a gather or scatter with no read before it in the submitted buffer throws instead of returning SCE_AMPR_ERROR_APR_INVALIDGATHERSCATTERSTATE
AMM map, map direct and unmap (libSceAmpr) - signatures and the protection mask (CPU, GPU, AMPR and ACP read and write) taken from the ampr_emu reimplementation, which hands the remaining checks and the mapping to the console kernel; the mapper model taken from PS5PCEM: sceAmprAmmGiveDirectMemory usage 1 gives the allocated direct memory to the pool plain maps take pages from, usage 0 only allocates it. Not confirmed on a title. The AMM virtual address ranges are a 32 GiB range and a 32 GiB multimap range reserved on first use at the top of the guest arena, above the addresses that maps without MAP_FIXED are given lowest first and that titles derive their next hints from; the console's addresses are not known (ampr_emu takes them from sceKernelMapperGetParam), and a reservation that cannot be made there throws. Maps outside them throw. Addresses, sizes and direct offsets must be 16 KiB aligned. The memory type and the GPU mask are ignored, AMPR and ACP access maps as CPU access, unmapped pages go back to the pool and stay reserved. Submission runs the buffer before returning, the submit result is always 0 and a failing command throws; the AMM measures return errors sign-extended, as ampr_emu does. sceAmprAmmGetVirtualAddressRanges throws for a null output
AMM remap, multimap and protection changes (libSceAmpr) - signatures and the protection and mask checks taken from ampr_emu; the effects are inferred from the names, not confirmed on a title. A remap moves every page of a fully mapped range to the new address with the given protection and leaves the old range reserved; a multimap maps the same pages at a second address, anywhere in the AMM ranges, and a pool page goes back to the pool once its last mapping is unmapped; a multimap onto its own source range throws. A protection change sets the masked bits on every page of a fully mapped range; the memory type is recorded and ignored. A command on a range that is not fully mapped throws
sceVideodec2GetAvcPictureInfo (libSceVideodec2) - runs the sceVideodec2GetPictureInfo body (KytyPS5 binds both NIDs to one function; SharpProspero gives both the same outputInfo, first, second signature); the second (bottom field) picture info is never written, since only progressive H.264 output is modelled. prosper calls the AVC layout unestablished (no title observed calling it)
AMM PRT ranges (libSceAmpr) - signatures, checks and their order taken from ampr_emu, where MapAsPrt is a map with the PRT flag and protection 0 and AllocatePaForPrt a memory type and protection change with mask 1019, both checking the buffer memory after its size; the effects are inferred from the names, not confirmed on a title. Unbacked PRT pages are zero-filled pages with GPU read access, so CPU reads see zeros instead of faulting and GPU writes fault instead of being dropped. AllocatePaForPrt backs each unbacked page with a pool page and sets the type and protection of backed ones; RemapIntoPrt moves a fully mapped range into a PRT range, its opcode argument (1011 when 0, as in ampr_emu) is recorded and ignored; UnmapToPrt returns the pages to the pool and zero-fills them again. A plain map, unmap or remap over a PRT range ends it; AllocatePaForPrt, RemapIntoPrt or UnmapToPrt outside a PRT range throws
APR map begin and end (libSceAmpr) - as in ampr_emu, MapBegin/MapDirectBegin map when they run and MapEnd only closes the region; while a region is open a second begin and every completion write return EPERM, the at-start _04_00 writes are accepted
AMPR markers (libSceAmpr) - signatures taken from the ampr_emu reimplementation, not confirmed on a title: sceAmprCommandBufferSetMarkerWithColor takes the color by pointer, the push and measure variants by value. Colors are not recorded
sceFontGetRenderScaledKerning (libSceFont) - arguments, the cleared output and the bound renderer check taken from cellFontGetRenderScaledKerning in RPCS3 (PS3 predecessor of the library), not confirmed on a title. The kerning is the sceFontGetKerning one at the render scale
sceFontGetPixelResolution (libSceFont) - signature taken from the IDA type database of Orbital, not confirmed on a title. The value is the one the library's driver reports (64 for FreeType); the argument checks and the cleared output follow sceFontGetLibrary
sceFontDettachDeviceCacheBuffer (libSceFont) - signature taken from the IDA type database of Orbital, not confirmed on a title. It detaches the cache buffer attached by sceFontAttachDeviceCacheBuffer, returns the buffer and its size, and reports SCE_FONT_ERROR_NOT_ATTACHED_CACHE_BUFFER when no cache buffer is attached
sceFontGetFontGlyphsCount, sceFontGetCharGlyphCode (libSceFont) - signatures taken from the IDA type database of Orbital and matching the SharpProspero bindings, not confirmed on a title. The count is the face's glyph count and the glyph code its glyph index, as the library's driver reports them; a code with no glyph returns NO_SUPPORT_GLYPH and code 0 NO_SUPPORT_CODE, as sceFontRenderCharGlyphImage does. The argument checks and the cleared output follow sceFontGetPixelResolution
sceFontGetFontResolution (libSceFont) - signature taken from the IDA type database of Orbital, not confirmed on a title; the outputs are inferred from the names. The resolution is the face's units per EM and the scale pixel the driver's face scale (units per EM / 64 for FreeType), the pixel scale a font has when opened. Either output may be null, as in sceFontGetResolutionDpi
sceFontCreateWritingLine, sceFontWritingLineWritesOrder (libSceFont) - signatures and the SceFontWritingLineStep/SceFontCreateWritingLineDetail layouts (detail id 0x0FD5) taken from SharpProspero, not confirmed on a title. The 64-bit writing attribute is read as the PS4 11.00 libSceFont.sprx reads it: low byte 0xFA, embedding level in bits 8-15 (0 to 126), bit 30 and bit 31 marking space before and after the run; the PS5 library was not measured, and the names of the two bits are ours. PPSA01325 builds its attribute the same way (0xFA | level << 8, bits 30 and 31) and passes a null metrics pointer when its run has no metrics object. Attribute 0 is accepted and treated as 0xFA with level 0 and no spacing bits, as before this reading; the PS4 library rejects it and what the PS5 library does with it is unknown. Any other attribute, a level above 126 and a null orderer throw: the PS4 library returns 0x80460002 for them, not confirmed for the PS5
sceFontWritingLineGetOrderingSpace (libSceFont) - the four outputs are written in the order the PS4 11.00 libSceFont.sprx writes them (line advance, leading space, space between spaced runs, trailing space); the parameter names in the Orbital IDA type database and the SharpProspero bindings order them differently (head, inline, tail, advance), and the PS5 library was not measured. PPSA01325's only call uses them in the PS4 order: it computes first - second - fourth - 0.25 * third and compares that, divided by a scale, with its width limit. The PS4 library writes the trailing space through its pointer without a null check whenever the leading-space pointer is set; that call throws here
sceSaveDataTransferringMountPs4, sceSaveDataDirNameSearchPs4 (libSceSaveData.native) - arguments assumed to be those of sceSaveDataTransferringMount and sceSaveDataDirNameSearch: KytyPS5 binds both NIDs to the PS5 functions, and prosper captured the same result layout on a title for the search. There is no PS4 save area, so the mount returns NOT_FOUND and the search reports zero hits
sceCoredumpWriteUserString and sceSaveDataConvert, sceSaveDataGetConvertProgress - imported by PPSA16064, not called during its start-up and added without an implementation; unknown signatures
sceSaveDataCancel (libSceSaveData.native) - imported by PPSA23126, which fails to load without it; added without an implementation because its signature is unknown. Every save data call here finishes before it returns, so nothing is ever in flight to cancel, but what the console returns then is unknown
sceAudioOutExClose, sceAudioOutExConfigureOutput, sceAudioOutExGetMonitorInfo, sceAudioOutExOpen (libSceAudioOut) - imported by PPSA99505, which fails to load without them; added without an implementation and declared without parameters. PPSA99505 calls them only for its HDMI bitstream output, an option that is off by default, to read the formats the TV or receiver lists, switch the HDMI output mode and open a port for IEC 61937 bursts (Jelly5); EVO-PLAYER-PS5 also calls sceAudioOutExOpen, sceAudioOutExConfigureOutput and sceAudioOutExClose for HDMI bitstream output. The two declare the arguments of sceAudioOutExConfigureOutput differently and neither is confirmed on a console. Audio reaches the host device through SDL as PCM, so there is no encoded HDMI output to switch to
sceOpusCeltDecCreateEx, sceOpusCeltDecDecode, sceOpusCeltDecDestroy, sceOpusCeltDecGetSize, sceOpusCeltDecInitialize, sceOpusCeltDecTerminate (libSceOpusCeltDec) - imported by PPSA99001, which fails to load without the module; added without an implementation. Their signatures match libSceOpusDec's in ProsperoRadio. PPSA99001 opens this decoder only as a fallback when libSceOpusDec reports a retryable error for a CELT packet, which libSceOpusDec here never returns, so the fallback is not reached
sceContentDeleteById (libSceContentDelete), sceContentExportGetProgress, sceContentExportCancel, sceContentExportFromDataWithThumbnail (libSceContentExport) and sceContentSearchGetContentLastUpdateId, sceContentSearchOpenMetadataByContentId, sceContentSearchGetTotalContentSize, sceContentSearchGetNumOfContent (libSceContentSearch) - imported by PPSA06465, which fails to load without them; added without an implementation because their signatures are unknown
sce::Json::Parser::parse (libSceJson2) - a number that overflows a double (e.g. 1e309) throws: whether the console rejects the document or stores an infinite real is unknown
sceUserServiceGetNpAccountId (libSceUserService) - the account id for a user with no linked PSN account is assumed to be 0 with success; libSceNpManager's sceNpGetAccountIdA answers the same question with SCE_NP_ERROR_SIGNED_OUT
sceUserServiceGetUserColor (libSceUserService) - the default profile colour is assumed to be blue (0)
libSceVdecsw (libSceVdecsw) - structure layouts follow shadPS4's vdecsw.h and were checked against PPSA05684's movie decoder (movie-decoder-vdecsw.cpp), which asserts pictureCount == 1 at offset 0xb of OutputInfo and reads InputResult offset 0x10 as the number of frames an access unit produced. The compute, decoder memory and decode input structures and the first 0x28 bytes of the 0x50-byte decoder config are those of libSceVideodec2, and decoding goes through it. The 0x78-byte AVC picture info is filled with Videodec2's leading fields and the cropping fields only. OUTPUT_PENDING (0x81510115), INPUT_QUEUE_EMPTY (0x81510116) and DECODE_PENDING (0x81510117) follow from the codes each call's assert accepts. At most four decoded pictures are queued and the last one is held until sceVdecswFinalizeDecodeSequence; the console's queue depth is unknown
sceGameLiveStreamingGetCurrentStatus2 (libSceGameLiveStreaming) - the status layout (user id, on-air flag, spectator, text and command message counts, broadcast resolution, 48 reserved bytes) is taken from shadPS4's OrbisGameLiveStreamingStatus2; the call reports that no stream is on air, with an invalid user id
Depth clear draws (AGC driver) - a draw with DB_RENDER_CONTROL.DEPTH_CLEAR_ENABLE is taken to write DB_DEPTH_CLEAR to every pixel it covers whatever the depth test, depth bounds and depth bias say: it is drawn with an always-passing depth write and the viewport depth range pinned to the clear value. The draw is rasterized as submitted, so its coverage is the draw's own. Whether the DB still applies the depth test or HiZ to such a draw is not measured
Alpha-to-coverage (AGC driver) - only DB_ALPHA_TO_MASK = 0xaa01 is accepted: the enable bit with the four quad offsets at 2 and no OFFSET_ROUND, the undithered setting radeonsi programs. Draws are single-sampled, so the pixel shader writes SampleMask 0 when its MRT0 alpha is below one half or NaN and all ones otherwise, and runs with late fragment tests. That rule was measured on a Radeon 660M (gfx1035, RADV with RADV_DEBUG=noatocdithering, which programs the same register) for 0, -0, 0.25, the two floats below one half, one half, the two above, 0.75, 1, 2, -1, both infinities and both NaNs, and is pinned in AlphaToCoverage.cpp; it is not measured on gfx1013. Vulkan's alphaToCoverageEnable is not used: the NVIDIA driver 615.78.08 dithers single-sample coverage (an alpha of 0.25 writes half the pixels of an RTX 3050 Laptop target). Other offsets, OFFSET_ROUND, a sample-mask export, and an MRT0 that is missing, swizzled, packed or exported without a floating-point alpha throw
GPU flips (libSceVideoOut) - a command-buffer flip of a buffer index with no registered buffer when the GPU reaches it presents black and completes like any flip (flip event, count, flipPendingNum). The console's behaviour is unknown; PPSA05684 requires that it completes: its renderer submits a flip of buffer 0 while another thread waits for sceVideoOutIsFlipPending to reach 0 before registering the buffers, and flipPendingNum counts that flip from its submission as in shadPS4
sceAgcDriverGetEqContextId (libSceAgcDriver) - returns ident: an end-of-pipe interrupt is delivered only to the registration whose id equals the raising queue, so ident is that context's id (titles register 0 or 1 for graphics and 0x20 + 8 * pipe + queue for compute). The console's value is not known; KytyPS5 returns the event's data, which it fills with the interrupt's context id, whereas data here is the EV_CLEAR trigger count. Other event filters throw
sceAgcSetSubmitMode (libSceAgc) - mode values unknown; only 0 is accepted
User data registers (AGC driver) - a SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_* or COMPUTE_USER_DATA_* register the title never wrote reads as 0 when a stage's RSRC2 count covers it, as Kyty (zeroed UserSgprInfo) and SharpEmu (missing registers read 0) do, and as AMD PAL and Mesa initialize them; the console's value is not confirmed
SET_PREDICATION (AGC driver) - boolean predication follows the AMD PM4 encoding Mesa uses: operation 3 reads 64 bits and 4 reads 32 bits, and bit 8 runs predicated packets when the value is non-zero (clear: when it is zero); the bit 12 hint is ignored. The address must have its low 4 bits clear, as sceAgcDcbSetPredication writes it. Query predication (Z-pass, primitive count), a predicated COND_EXEC, predicated command buffer chains and flips in predicated command buffers throw
sceAgcGetGsOversubscription (libSceAgc) - signature and occupancy formula (base and expanded vertex/export capacities, budget shift, GE_PC_ALLOC / SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC4_GS encoding) follow KytyPS5 only, not confirmed on hardware or a title; a negative or NaN factor that gives a negative target, a missing GS context register or a zero GE_MAX_OUTPUT_PER_SUBGROUP throws
Vertex entry merged wave info (recompiler) - s3 of every vertex-path shader is set to waveSize | waveSize << 8 (vertex and primitive count of a full wave, wave index 0). Layout taken from the prologue Mesa's ACO emits for NGG vertex shaders (s_bfe_u64 exec from s3), not measured on hardware. The driver gives every graphics program user data from s8, so the condition does not tell NGG from legacy vertex shaders: they just never read s3. A draw whose last wave is partial still reports a full wave.
NGG vertex programs on the mesh path (AGC driver) - an unregistered vertex program with PRIMGEN_EN that uses LDS or s_barrier runs on the geometry (mesh) path. Each input primitive is assumed to yield at most one output primitive, the subgroup is bounded by GE_MAX_OUTPUT_PER_SUBGROUP as a vertex budget, and the GS/ES VGPR count checks are skipped, because the merged inputs keep their positions. Taken from the code Mesa's ACO emits for NGG culling and from PPSA59322 and PPSA99010 draws, not measured on hardware. Registered programs keep the vertex path
s_barrier in vertex-path programs (recompiler) - emits no instruction when the program has no LDS or GDS access and no memory write or atomic, so no wave of the subgroup can observe another; the GS_ALLOC_REQ such a barrier orders on NGG passthrough programs is already dropped on the vertex path. The Vertex execution model has no workgroup barrier. Programs with LDS, GDS or memory writes throw. Not measured on hardware
Strided buffer overhang (libSceAgcDriver) - a strided buffer descriptor that ends less than one stride past the end of the readable registered allocation holding its base is bound only up to that allocation's end, even when another readable allocation starts right there. This assumes the bytes past the end are the rounded-up num_records of the last record (RADV rounds it up), which no fetch inside the buffer reads; a guest that really keeps a vertex split across two adjacent allocations would read zeros for the cut tail. Taken from the RetroArch Dolphin core case in #2912, not measured on hardware.
Zero-stride vertex fetch range (libSceAgcDriver) - for a stride-0 V# with OOB_SELECT 2 the whole fetch reads memory unless NUM_RECORDS is 0; with OOB_SELECT 3 it reads zero when NUM_RECORDS is 0 and throws when the fetch only partly fits. Rules taken from the GFX10 OOB_SELECT table in Mesa ac_descriptors.c, not measured on hardware. Whether OOB_SELECT 3 checks each dword of a multi-dword fetch separately is unknown. OOB_SELECT 0 and 1 keep the structured record checks.
sceAgcCbCondWrite (libSceAgc) - argument order and the 9-dword COND_WRITE layout follow the clean-room OpenAGC and sharpemu, which agree on them; SharpProspero lists another order. The write space is accepted only as 1 (memory), the one value both encode the same way, and other values throw.
sceAgcGetIsTrinityMode (libSceAgc) - signature from the only PPSA26344 call (a pointer to a one-byte flag, result ignored); a null pointer throws because its error code is unknown
zARR5aCmkoY (libSceAgc) - unknown name, signature
sceAgcDcbContextStateOpGetSize (libSceAgc) - sizes from KytyPS5 only (5, 27, 27 and 32 dwords), equal to what sceAgcDcbContextStateOp_0100 writes; KytyPS5 returns 0 for an operation above 3, here it throws
sceAgcBranchPatchSetThenTarget_0300, sceAgcBranchPatchSetElseTarget_0300 (libSceAgc) - names from their NIDs (7Wa3aeJgeVU, rP5xLdOf26k); the (packet, cachePolicy, target, sizeInDwords) signature is inferred from PPSA28416's calls (a branch packet, 0, an aligned target, 4), with the policy stored where sceAgcCbBranch puts it
sceAgcDcbSet{Cx,Sh,Uc}RegistersIndirectGetSize (libSceAgc) - the count argument is ignored: PPSA28416 calls them with leftover register contents (0xf5f5039c), so the real functions likely take none; the size is 20 bytes either way
sceAgcUpdateInterpolantMapping_0100 (libSceAgc) - name from its NID (k0E7vkgqAuE); the (regs, vs, ps) arguments are the declared ones, behaviour unknown
sceAgcWriteDataPatchSetDst, sceAgcWriteDataPatchSetCachePolicy and their Async forms (libSceAgc) - the signatures (packet, uint8 value) are inferred from the other patch functions, as no public declaration was found; the value is taken in the encoding of the dst and cachePolicy arguments of sceAgcDcbWriteData (graphics) and sceAgcAcbWriteData (Async, compute), and the patched packet is the one those calls would write. sceAgcAsyncWriteDataPatchSetAddressOrOffset is assumed to patch the address like sceAgcWriteDataPatchSetAddressOrOffset, as the compute WRITE_DATA packet keeps it in the same dwords
dbOlWdppb4o (libSceAgc) - unknown name; same arguments as sceAgcCreateInterpolantMapping_0100; the SPI_PS_INPUT_CNTL bits for is_f16 2 inputs follow KytyPS5, not confirmed on hardware
sceAgcGetDataPacketPayloadRange (libSceAgc) - signature, the {base, size in bytes} output and the type 0 range (header + 1, one dword longer than the type 1 payload) from KytyPS5 only, matching sceAgcGetDataPacketPayloadAddress_0090; prosper returns header + 2 for both types from that address function
sceAgcAsyncCondExecPatchSetCommandAddress, sceAgcAsyncCondExecPatchSetEnd (libSceAgc) - no reference has a body for them; they are assumed to patch the COND_EXEC packet like sceAgcCondExecPatchSetCommandAddress and sceAgcCondExecPatchSetEnd, since sceAgcAcbCondExec writes the same packet as sceAgcDcbCondExec, as sceAgcAsyncRewindPatchSetRewindState does for REWIND
sceAgcAcbAtomicGds_0900 (libSceAgc) - name from its NID (gQkqkLttcpw), signature unknown
sceAgcDcbPrimeUtcl2 (libSceAgc) - assumed to write the packet sceAgcAcbPrimeUtcl2 writes: PRIME_UTCL2 has the same 5 dwords on the graphics and compute rings. Not confirmed on a title. Both write a NOP of that size, as there is no TLB to prime
sceAgcDcbQueueEndOfShaderActionGetSize (libSceAgc) - the builder is inline in the SDK and not exported; the size is assumed to be that of the RELEASE_MEM packet sceAgcCbReleaseMem writes (32 bytes), the same as sceAgcAcbQueueEndOfShaderActionGetSize, as in OpenAGC and REmu
sceKernelInternalMemoryGetModuleSegmentInfo (libkernel) - unknown signature
sceKernelGetModuleInfoForUnwind (libkernel) - on Linux the tables come from sceKernelGetModuleInfoFromAddr, whose eh_frame_size includes the zero terminator, as measured on firmware 13.60 (reported in #2419, not reproduced here); on Windows it is assumed to stop before the terminator. LLVM libunwind's CFI_Parser::findFDE stops at the terminator or the length, whichever comes first, so it finds the same FDEs either way. Only the main executable and .guest.prx images report tables; other host images report none, as on Windows
sceKernelGetModuleInfoFromAddr (libkernel) - the 0x1A8-byte info layout follows the shadPS4 reimplementation; a title's libc.prx reads only id (PPSA14632). The meaning of flags is unknown; only 2 is accepted. The input st_size is ignored, because PPSA21703's libc.prx passes an uninitialized 0x1A8-byte buffer; the full size is written back. The id is the sceKernelLoadStartModule handle of an image opened through the loader and otherwise a stable id from the same range. The name is the host file name without .guest.prx. An image with more than 4 load segments (the converted executable has 7) reports its first 4. tls_offset is 0 and ref_count is 1, as the host loader exposes neither. On Windows the module is the PE image holding the address: a relinked image reports its .elf sections as segments and the eh_frame_hdr recorded in .ehmeta, any other image its first 4 sections with memory access and the .ehfram section without an eh_frame_hdr; the TLS fields and init_proc_addr/fini_proc_addr are 0
sceKernelGetModuleList (libkernel) - lists the main program and every loaded .prx image in load order; host runtime libraries are left out. The handles are the ids sceKernelGetModuleInfoFromAddr reports, not the console's. The (int32_t* handles, size_t count, size_t* actual) signature and returning ENOMEM without writing actual after filling the first count handles when more images are loaded follow shadPS4; whether the console writes any handles in that case is unknown
sceKernelGetModuleInfo (libkernel) - the 0x160-byte layout (st_size, name[256], 4 segments, segment_count, fingerprint[20]) follows fpPS4 and shadPS4. Only that st_size is accepted, as in shadPS4; other sizes return EINVAL, a null pointer EFAULT and a handle sceKernelGetModuleList does not list ESRCH. Name and segments are the ones sceKernelGetModuleInfoFromAddr reports, on Windows from the same PE sections, so prot uses the read/write/execute bits 1/2/4, while fpPS4 and shadPS4 store the ELF p_flags. The fingerprint is left zero, as the host image does not carry it
sceKernelReleaseFlexibleMemory (libkernel) - unmaps the range like sceKernelMunmap, as fpPS4 and prosper do; whether the console keeps the virtual range reserved after releasing its pages is unverified
Memory protection bits 0x100 and 0x200 (libkernel) - taken as audio coprocessor (ACP) read and write, as in the KytyPS5 and etaHEN headers; the coprocessor work runs on the host CPU, so they grant host read and read/write access like the GPU bits
_umtx_op (libkernel) - UMTX_OP_WAIT, UMTX_OP_WAKE, UMTX_OP_WAIT_UINT, UMTX_OP_WAIT_UINT_PRIVATE and UMTX_OP_WAKE_PRIVATE follow FreeBSD 11's kern_umtx.c: a timeout whose size argument is at most 16 is a relative timespec, a larger one an _umtx_time, and a wake of 0 or fewer wakes one waiter. Waiters share the queue of sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait. Operation 0 fails with EOPNOTSUPP and operations above 26 with EINVAL, as in FreeBSD 11; UMTX_OP_WAIT_UINT with a value that does not fit in 32 bits returns 0 at once, as FreeBSD's zero-extended compare does. Operation 1 throws, since PPSA12544's call_once uses it in a way FreeBSD rejects; the other operations throw, and so does a misaligned object. PPSA12544's libc.prx passes UMTX_OP_WAIT and UMTX_OP_WAIT_UINT a pointer to a 4-byte microsecond timeout with size argument 0, which FreeBSD reads as a timespec, and waits for a running call_once with operation 1; its PS5Util.prx passes a timespec. Whether the console reads a microsecond timeout there, and what operation 1 does on it, is unverified. A libc call cannot be told apart from a timespec call by the size argument alone, so a timeout with size argument 0 is read as a timespec and only throws when it is not a valid one (negative seconds, nanoseconds outside [0, 1e9)), which is where FreeBSD would return EINVAL; a microsecond value that happens to read as a valid timespec is waited on as one
sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait (libkernel) - the only known caller passes a null timeout and a name string as the fourth argument; the timeout is assumed to point to microseconds like the other kernel waits, and the name is ignored
sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait8 / sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait16 / sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait32 / sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait64 (libkernel) - libc's __std_atomic_wait_direct_8/16/32/64 pass a microsecond timeout or null and ignore the result; the by-value comparand, return values and the 2- and 8-byte alignment of Wait16 and Wait64 are assumed
scePthreadRwlockDestroy, pthread_rwlock_destroy (libkernel) - a rwlock held for reading or writing returns EBUSY and keeps its handle, as KytyPS5 does; FreeBSD's libthr and shadPS4 free it without checking, and the console's answer is unverified. Destroying a rwlock while another thread is acquiring it is not guarded
scePthreadCondWait / scePthreadCondTimedwait (libkernel) - before waiting, FreeBSD libthr's cond_wait_common checks ownership through _mutex_owned: an unowned mutex returns EPERM, while its destroyed marker returns EINVAL. An untouched adaptive static initializer (slot value 1) therefore returns EPERM; the test covers this, an uninitialized slot, a mutex owned by another thread, and the destroyed marker for both timed and untimed sce and POSIX waits. A recursive mutex locked several times is released completely for the wait and relocked to the same depth afterwards, as FreeBSD libthr does (_mutex_cv_unlock, _mutex_cv_lock). These FreeBSD-derived behaviors remain unverified on console hardware
sceKernelAioSubmitReadCommandsMultiple / sceKernelAioSubmitWriteCommandsMultiple / sceKernelAioWaitRequests / sceKernelAioPollRequests / sceKernelAioCancelRequest / sceKernelAioCancelRequests / sceKernelAioDeleteRequests (libkernel) - behaviour from shadPS4 (one id per request for the Multiple submits, cancel turns any request aborted and id 0 reports processing, wait mode 2 returns once one request completed, poll copies every state without waiting); the 128 requests or ids per batch limit is from SharpProspero, with an unknown error, so larger batches throw; wait modes other than 1 (and) and 2 (or) throw; null pointers, negative counts and invalid ids return the codes the single-request siblings use, checked before any state is written
sceKernelGetAvailableCpumask (libkernel) - returns the default thread affinity, 0x1FFF (CPUs 0 to 12), as KytyPS5 does. Titles pin threads within it (PPSA02664 passes 0x1FFB, Hades II PPSA36082 0x3 and 0x3F); whether CPU 13 is available to a title is not confirmed
sceKernelGetCurrentCpu (libkernel) - guest affinities are not applied to host threads, so the host CPU index is mapped into the calling thread's affinity clipped to sceKernelGetAvailableCpumask (the available mask when they do not overlap): host CPU n reports the (n modulo the CPU count)-th CPU of that mask, so a thread pinned to one CPU reports that CPU, as a FreeBSD cpuset guarantees on the console. Which CPU the console reports for a thread allowed on several is not known; shadPS4 returns 0
pthread_attr_setsolosched_np (libkernel) takes (attr, int) and stores the value through scePthreadAttrSetsolosched, returning EINVAL (22) for a null or uninitialized attribute like the other POSIX attribute setters. Only the name is public (aerolib 2+pVfgiEd7A); the signature and behaviour follow the SCE twin, which KytyPS5 and sharpemu store as an int without a range check, and PS5PCEM implements this alias over it. Any value is accepted and threads created from the attribute are not scheduled differently; what solo scheduling does on the console and which values it rejects are unverified. Returnal (PPSA01285 v03.000.005) stopped on it with what(): pthread_attr_setsolosched_np_nid_postfix not implemented (#2872, #1155); LEGO Horizon Adventures (PPSA14632, #734) and Palworld (PPSA23126, #2598) import it
sceKernelMapNamedFlexibleMemoryInternal (libkernel) - flag 0x8000 is accepted and ignored; its meaning is not established. KytyPS5 (GUEST_MAP_UNKNOWN_8000) and sharpemu accept it without reading it. Every known caller is the SDK 9 libc.prx heap (Astro Bot PPSA21564, PPSA22520), which passes it with read/write protection and uses the mapping as an older libc.prx uses sceKernelMapNamedFlexibleMemory with flags 0
sceKernelMtypeprotect (libkernel) - sets the memory type of the direct mappings in the page-rounded range and of the direct memory behind them, as shadPS4 and prosper do (KytyPS5 ignores the type); the type is not validated, flexible pages in the range only get the protection, and a later map of the retyped direct memory reports the type it was allocated with. sceKernelBatchMap2 operation 4 takes the same path with the entry type
Map hints inside a reservation (libkernel) - sceKernelMapDirectMemory and the flexible and anonymous maps place a mapping without MAP_FIXED at its hint address when the whole range lies in a range still reserved by sceKernelReserveVirtualRange, as if MAP_FIXED were set. Taken from PPSA01474, which reserves 64 GiB and then maps its heaps inside it with hints and no MAP_FIXED, and uses the hint addresses afterwards; not measured on the console. Hints outside a reservation, or over a range that is partly mapped, stay hints
Guest arena (libc) - the application map area is assumed to end at 0xFC_0000_0000, as SCE_KERNEL_APP_MAP_AREA_END_ADDR does on the PS4. On Windows, host allocations made in the arena before libc loads stay, and a fixed guest mapping over one throws
sceLibcInternalBacktraceForGame (libSceLibcInternal, implemented in libc) - unknown signature
sceLibcInternalHeapErrorReportForGame (libSceLibcInternal, implemented in libc) - unknown signature
malloc_usable_size (libc) - with the default allocator it returns the size the block was requested with (the range registered for it), not the rounded-up chunk size Sony's allocator reports; both satisfy "at least the requested size", and bytes past the request would not be write-watched. With an application allocator it calls entry 9 of the replacement table (malloc_usable_size in KytyPS5's MallocReplace order) and throws when the table leaves it null, like malloc_stats_fast
_sceLibcInternalThreadAtexit, _sceLibcInternalThreadDtors (libSceLibcInternal) - FreeBSD __cxa_thread_atexit semantics assumed; a null or non-image destructor and an allocation failure throw
_sceKernelRtldThreadAtexitIncrement, _sceKernelRtldThreadAtexitDecrement (libkernel) - the argument is the dso address a title's libc.prx passes to __cxa_thread_atexit (PPSA14632), which fails when Increment returns nonzero. As in the fpPS4 reimplementation, Increment takes a reference on the loaded image containing the address and Decrement releases one; the variants without the leading underscore are assumed to match
sceImeGetPanelPositionAndForm (libSceIme) - the output is taken to be the PositionAndForm that sceImeDialogGetPanelPositionAndForm fills; it is never written, since no panel can be open. That a closed panel is reported before a null output is assumed by analogy with sceImeSetCaret, not confirmed on a PS5 title
_sceLibcInternalForceTlsDestructor (libSceLibcInternal) - behaviour follows sceLibcForceTlsDestructor(int) in a title's libc.prx (disassembly): the calling thread's destructors whose dso belongs to the module run newest first, only if the dso's module is loaded and the dso points to itself, in up to 4 passes. The return type is unknown (that function returns nothing), 0 is returned. The module of each dso is looked up when the destructors are forced, not when they are registered as libc.prx does, and the lookup is Linux only, so on Windows the call throws when the thread has destructors
acosl (libc) - computed by the host's math library, like the other libc math functions here, not by the console's (FreeBSD msun ld80 code in Sony's libc.prx): results can differ from the console's in the last bit, and on Linux glibc sets errno to EDOM for acosl outside [-1, 1] where msun only raises the floating-point exception. long double is the x87 80-bit format, as Sony's frexpl uses it (fldt 0x8(%rsp), result in st(0))
std_execute_once (libc) - assumed to be the plain-named twin of std::_Execute_once (_ZSt13_Execute_onceRSt9once_flagPFiPvS1_PS1_ES1_, the callee of Dinkumware call_once): it delegates there and gets the [thread.once.callonce] semantics already verified for that symbol (one invocation per flag, concurrent callers block until it completes, and a failing or throwing invocation leaves the flag unready so the next caller runs it). The name equivalence is not confirmed on a title, and the callback convention (called with (null, arg, null), non-zero return meaning success) is the twin's, unverified for this symbol
Dinkumware mutexes and conditions (libc) use pointer-to-handle arguments, matching the console aerolib signatures reported in #3079. The title's _Mtx_lock maps 0 to _Thrd_success (0), 0x8002000b to _Thrd_busy (3), and other failures to _Thrd_error (4); its internal mutex init recognizes recursive flag 0x100, while every other type uses default attributes. The observed relock failure for a plain mutex suggests those defaults are error-checking, but that has not been confirmed on hardware. The title's _Mtx_unlock and _Cnd_wait return success regardless of their internal result. The host implementation treats invalid ownership preconditions as no-ops, and throws for invalid handles, host wait errors and destroying a locked mutex as debug guards; those cases are not confirmed against the console.
random, srandom, initstate, setstate (libc) follow FreeBSD 11 random.c: the additive feedback generator on a default 128-byte TYPE_3 table, good_rand seeding, state sizes rounded down to 8, 32, 64, 128 or 256 bytes, and setstate returning the previous state or null for a rear position past the degree. initstate below 8 bytes returns null without setting errno, as that file and its manual do (glibc sets EINVAL). FreeBSD does not lock the generator; here every call is serialised by one lock, so concurrent callers draw the serial sequence between them. A null state throws, where FreeBSD faults. That the console's libSceLibcInternal uses this FreeBSD code and not another generator is unverified
tcgetattr, tcsetattr (libkernel) - every file and pipe descriptor is taken as not a terminal (ENOTTY), and a socket gets EADDRNOTAVAIL for AF_INET and EOPNOTSUPP otherwise, as FreeBSD's in_control and pru_control_notsupp answer a termios ioctl; what descriptors 0 to 2 of a title are on the console, and whether any of them is a terminal there, is unknown
__progname (libkernel) - unknown data export
environ (libkernel) - data export pointing to a fixed empty environment so titles that import it load; it is not the environment libc's getenv reads, so it lists none of those variables and setenv/putenv changes do not appear in it
seteuid, setegid (libkernel) - the guest process is assumed to run as root, with real, effective and saved user and group ids 0. As in FreeBSD's sys_seteuid and sys_setegid, id 0 is then accepted without a privilege check and changes no credential, so 0 is returned; any other id would change the effective id, which is not modelled, and throws. The ids and privileges a title has on a console are unverified
pthread_barrierattr_setpshared (libkernel) - PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED is accepted on the assumption that the console follows FreeBSD 11.0 libthr, which accepts it (9.0 rejects it with EINVAL); unverified on hardware. Guest code runs in one process, so a shared barrier behaves as a private one
pthread_getname_np (libkernel) - a thread that has already been joined returns ESRCH (3) on a PS5 (firmware 13.60), but its object is freed after the join here, so the pointer cannot be told apart from a live thread and its name is read as for a live one
sceSslClose (libSceSsl) - unknown signature
sceSslGetSerialNumber (libSceSsl) - unknown signature
X+4jdIS75P0 (libSceAudioIn) - unknown name, signature
sceAudioOut2Set3DLatency (libSceAudioOut) - assumed to take (user_id, latency): KytyPS5 reads (user_id, output, latency_us), but the known calls set just edi and esi; only (0xFF, 2) (PPSA26344) and (0xFF, 1) (PPSA14632) are accepted
sceAudioOut2MasteringInit (libSceAudioOut) - flag values unknown; only 0 is accepted. Whether the console reports an error for a repeated sceAudioOut2MasteringInit or for sceAudioOut2MasteringTerm without a matching initialization is unknown; both return 0. PPSA01289 creates the audio device of its next world before it destroys the previous one, so it calls Init twice before Term twice, and only logs a non-zero result
sceAudioOutSetMixLevelPadSpk (libSceAudioOut) - effect of a negative mix level unknown; only 0 to 32768 (0 dB) is accepted
sceAudioOutSetMixLevelPadSpk (libSceAudioOut) - no source applies the level (shadPS4 only stores it); it is assumed to be a linear gain on the port's own output, and the -9 dB default (11626) is applied to every pad speaker port, including those of titles that never call the function
sceAudioOutGetLastOutputTime (libSceAudioOut) - signature and behaviour taken from the shadPS4 and fpPS4 reimplementations of the PS4 library, not confirmed on a PS5 title: the time is the process time at which sceAudioOutOutput or sceAudioOutOutputs accepted the port's last block, not the time the block reached the device
sceAudioOutSysClose, sceAudioOutSysConfigureOutput, sceAudioOutSysGetHdmiMonitorInfo, sceAudioOutSysOpen (libSceAudioOut) - imported by PPSA99051 and PPSA99997, which fail to load without them; added without an implementation and declared without parameters. EVO-PLAYER-PS5, whose audio code both titles share, calls sceAudioOutSysGetHdmiMonitorInfo to read the formats the TV or receiver lists (bitstream.cpp) and sceAudioOutSysOpen, sceAudioOutSysConfigureOutput and sceAudioOutSysClose only to open a port for HDMI bitstream passthrough. Its declared arguments are not confirmed on a console. Audio reaches the host device through SDL as PCM, so there is no HDMI sink to describe or switch
sceAudioOut2PortCreate (libSceAudioOut) - MAIN (type 0) format validation follows PS5 firmware 13.60 measurements: bits 8-11 accept 1, 2, 8 or 12, bits 0-6 accept 0 or 1, bit 7 requires 8 channels, and bits 12-31 do not affect validation. The sample types are still read as float and int16; bit 7's layout, the PCM effect of bits 12-31 and the port flags are unverified. Other port types retain unverified format validation, including 6 channels and rejection of bits 12-31
sceAudioOut2PortCreate (libSceAudioOut) - 12 channels are assumed to be L R C LFE Ls Rs Lb Rb Ltf Rtf Ltb Rtb as in KytyPS5's 12-to-8 fold, and 6 and 8 channels to be its first 6 and 8; no title or SDK header confirms the order
sceAudioOut2PortCreate (libSceAudioOut) - the stereo fold is assumed, not the console's downmix: C at -3 dB into both sides, Ls/Rs, Lb/Rb and Ltf/Rtf at -3 dB and Ltb/Rtb at -6 dB into their own side, LFE dropped
sceAudioOut2PortSetAttributes (libSceAudioOut) - each PCM buffer set (attribute 0) is taken as one grain: buffers set between two pushes are queued and played one per grain, at most 16 queued. A grain with no new buffer repeats the last one only when the port has always been given that same buffer (rewritten in place); a port whose buffers move on plays silence instead. Inferred from PPSA12544, whose object port (type 6) is given one grain of a 64-grain ring per set, often two or three between pushes and then none for a few; the console behaviour for several sets per push and for a push without a new buffer is not documented
scePsmlMfsrGetContextBufferRequirement1100, scePsmlMfsrCreateContext1100, scePsmlMfsrGetDispatchMfsrPacket1100 (libScePsml_debug) - argument layouts unknown; only 0x8A810001 (not initialized) is returned
scePsmlMfsrGetDispatchMfsrPacket1000 (libScePsml) - unknown signature, imported by PPSA25344; declared without parameters. libScePsml and libScePsml_debug are built from the same source
scePsmlMfsrCreateContext1300, scePsmlMfsrGetDispatchMfsrPacket1300 (libScePsml) - unknown signatures, imported by PPSA28416 next to scePsmlMfsrGetContextBufferRequirement1100; declared without parameters. The names are not in the aerolib NID list; they hash to the imported NIDs kLF7WtQ1-Dg and DDVUyPyYHTA (tools/nid_names.py)
scePngEncEncode (libScePngEnc) - whether rows may stay unfiltered when filter_type names a subset of the filters is unknown; as in shadPS4, they may only for 0 and for the all-filters mask
sceJpegEncEncode (libSceJpegEnc) - restart_interval follows SharpProspero's field doc (0 none, -1 every row of blocks, positive a block count); a positive value is taken as the JPEG DRI interval in MCUs and -1 as one restart per MCU row, which no reference confirms. Other negative values throw
sceVoiceQoSInit (libSceVoiceQoS) - 0x804E0905 for a second initialization comes from prosper's reading of the module and was not measured: on a PS5 a valid call blocks inside a homebrew payload, so it never returns there. The app type and the block are not used, as no endpoint is implemented
AudioIn and NpSessionSignaling exports added without an implementation have assumed signatures
sceNpSessionSignalingGetConnectionFromPeerAddress (libSceNpSessionSignaling) - imported by PPSA01289 and added without an implementation; unknown signature
vieBRwlh1Lw (libSceAgc) - unknown name, signature
scePadIsRemoteController (libScePad) - the name hashes to NID fCWdlnmB1Ks; the signature (int handle, bool* remote) comes from PPSA16064, which zeroes a byte, passes its address after scePadGetControllerInformation and ignores the result. The error codes follow the other pad calls. Controllers are local devices, so the answer is always false
scePadSetAngularVelocityBiasCorrectionState (libScePad) - inferred signature (int handle, bool enabled) follows scePadSetTiltCorrectionState and scePadSetAngularVelocityDeadbandState; an invalid handle returns PAD_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE, disabling is a no-op, and enabling throws because bias correction is not modelled
sceKernelGetOperationMode (libkernel) - the signature (int* mode, int* submode) comes from PPSA12544, which logs both values after the call; the values are unknown and 0 is reported for both, as in the prosper reimplementation. Null outputs throw
Font, Http2, Net, Ssl, SystemService and libkernel exports imported by PPSA12544 and added without an implementation have unknown signatures
sceHttp2GetMemoryPoolStats, sceSslGetMemoryPoolStats, sceNetGetMemoryPoolStats (libSceHttp2, libSceSsl, libSceNet) - the signatures (int id, stats*), the layouts (pool size, peak and current use, and for Http2 and Ssl a 32-bit reserved field) and the error codes were measured on a PS5 (firmware 13.60). The pool size is the one given at init or pool creation; nothing is allocated from these pools, so the peak and current use are 0, where the console already reports use right after initialization (0x15C0 bytes for Ssl, 0x1640 for Http2 and 4 for a Net pool)
sceNpWebApi2GetMemoryPoolStats (libSceNpWebApi2) - imported by PPSA21703's Unity PSN plugin. The signature (int libCtxId, stats*) and the layout of the Http2 statistics above (measured on a PS5 for Http2, Ssl and Net) are assumed for this library, not measured. The pool size is the one given to sceNpWebApi2Initialize, and the peak and current use are 0. The error codes are unknown, so a null output or an unknown context throws
sceSslGetCaList, sceSslFreeCaList, sceSslUnloadCert (libSceSsl) - signatures and the 16-byte SceSslCaList layout (an array of certificate handles and a 32-bit count) follow SharpProspero and shadPS4's OrbisSslCaList, not confirmed for the PS5. On the console the list holds the certificate authorities the SSL service has; shadPS4 returns a placeholder certificate from sceSslGetCaCerts because Rise of the Tomb Raider fails its initialization checks without one. No root certificate bundle is shipped and no loaded certificate is kept, so here a context holds none: sceSslGetCaList clears the list and returns NOT_FOUND, as sceSslGetCaCerts does, sceSslFreeCaList accepts only that cleared list, and sceSslUnloadCert (imported by PPSA15508) has nothing to drop and is assumed to return 0. A null list returns 0x8095177A, which sceSslGetCaCerts and KytyPS5 return for a null argument (shadPS4, PS4, returns 0x8095F007). An unknown context throws (KytyPS5 returns SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ID, 0x8095F006, from sceSslGetCaCerts), and so does a list sceSslGetCaList did not return
sceHttp2SetResolveRetry (libSceHttp2) - signature (int id, int32_t retry) from libSceHttp's sceHttpSetResolveRetry; the value is accepted and ignored like the other Http2 settings, since no request reaches the network
sceHttp2WebSocketCreateRequest, sceHttp2WebSocketCloseAsync, sceHttp2WebSocketSendTextMessageAsync, sceHttp2WebSocketSendDataMessageAsync (libSceHttp2) - imported by PPSA16064 and not called during its start-up; unknown signatures
The Share, NpTrophy2, NpEntitlementAccess and WebBrowserDialog exports imported by PPSA12544's Unity plugins and added without an implementation have unknown signatures
sceNetShowNetstat (libSceNet) - imported by PPSA11386 and not called during its start-up; unknown signature, declared without parameters
sceAjmDecWVorbisCreateHeaderPacket, sceAjmDecWVorbisCreateSetupPacket (libSceAjmWVorbis, implemented in libSceAjm.native) - unknown signatures
Acm, GameLiveStreaming, Net, NpEntitlementAccess, NpManager, NpWebApi2, VoiceQoS, WebBrowserDialog and libkernel exports imported by PPSA14632 and added without an implementation are declared without parameters
libSceAudioPropagation (libSceAudioPropagation) - signatures and struct descriptors recovered from PPSA21567's calls (#481), not from documentation. The system options layout is unknown (only checked for non-null); the fourth argument of sceAudioPropagationSourceCalculateAudioPaths is unknown; sceAudioPropagationSourceGetAudioPath is assumed to output an 8-byte path handle. The meaning of the RenderInfo word at +0x28 is unknown (PPSA21567 and PPSA21564 pass 2); only 2 is accepted. Both titles pass one RenderInfo per call: a count of 0 throws, and larger counts are handled element by element without proof. No error code is known, so invalid input throws instead of returning one
NGS2 mastering voice gain (libSceNgs2.native) - the param id 0x30000004 is taken from PPSA22520 and the layout from shadPS4's OrbisNgs2MasteringVoiceGainParam; no reference gives the units or range. The levels are assumed to be linear factors applied when the mastering voice is mixed into the render buffer, so the voice's own samples stay unscaled; the LFE level applies to channel 3 of 6- and 8-channel voices, assuming the L R C LFE order of the AudioOut2 entries above, and the full-band level to the rest. Negative levels are accepted, and a new setup resets both levels to 1
NGS2 stereo mastering voice into a surround buffer (libSceNgs2.native) - PPSA21402 renders a 2-channel mastering voice into a 6- or 8-channel render buffer, which the mixing stage rejected. The console's conversion is unknown: the left and right channels are assumed to go to the first two buffer channels (front left and right) and the remaining channels stay silent, with no centre, LFE or surround content. Any other channel count mismatch still throws
NGS2 silent waveform blocks (libSceNgs2.native): flag 0x10 (named SILENCE here; no public reference names it) lets a waveform block declare samples without data. PPSA04867 adds one block with flags 0x11, data_size 0 and num_samples 16385, then another with flags 0x11 and a fully specified 0x800-byte, 1024-sample mono block, which takes the ordinary path. A dataless block under the flag outputs num_samples frames of silence, reports them through decoded_data_size, and finishes like a complete block; a dataless block without the flag still throws as not fitting its data. The flag's real name, its interaction with ATRAC9 and repeats, and the console's waveform_data for silent blocks are unverified on hardware
NGS2 streaming PCM waveforms (libSceNgs2.native) - PPSA21402 streams its music by adding one block whose num_samples is the whole track and whose data_size is a 16 KiB first piece, with CONTINUE, and then adds each following piece with flag 0x2 (called APPEND here) and the same num_samples. No reference describes flag 0x2. A 16-bit PCM block without skipped samples or repeats whose num_samples exceed its data is assumed to start such a stream; flag 0x2 is assumed to append the block's data to the last streaming block, ignoring its num_samples; the voice is assumed to output silence without advancing while it has played all appended data and CONTINUE is set; and the waveform is assumed to end at num_samples or, once CONTINUE is cleared, at the end of the appended data. sceNgs2VoiceGetState reports the bytes played as decoded_data_size, which the title uses to release its queued data, and the read position as waveform_data. Appending to a block that is not a stream, or other formats, skipped samples, repeats and partial frames, throw
NGS2 matrix levels (libSceNgs2.native) - levels are clamped to -4..4 and NaN is kept, as the PS4 firmware 11.00 libSceNgs2.sprx stores them; not yet confirmed on the PS5 library. That library rejects a level count of 0 and keeps the matrix; the PS5 error code is unknown, so a count of 0 throws. sceNgs2VoiceRunCommands is not in that library, so its matrix levels command is assumed to clamp the same way
sceAvPlayerStartEx (libSceAvPlayer) - start info layout unknown; it is ignored and playback starts as with sceAvPlayerStart
sceAvPlayerInit / sceAvPlayerInitEx (libSceAvPlayer) - behaviour without a memory replacement unknown; frame and sample buffers then come from the guest heap
sceAvPlayerInitEx (libSceAvPlayer) - the PS5 init data layout (this_size 0x230: auto start at 0x74, nine 0x30-byte thread parameter blocks from 0x78, output video frame buffer count at 0x228) follows KytyPS5, prosper, SharpProspero and sharpemu, which agree on it. PPSA25063 fills the same fields, writes auto start 0 and starts playback with sceAvPlayerStart; a title that sets auto start has not been seen. A smaller this_size is read with the PS4 offsets. The thread parameters are ignored
AvPlayer auto start (libSceAvPlayer) - the auto start that sceAvPlayerAddSource queues for a player with auto start or without an event callback starts the player only while it is still ready: a title that starts the player itself before the auto start runs keeps its playback and the frames it holds. Not confirmed on a title.
SceAvPlayerVideoEx (libSceAvPlayer) - frame rate field and encoding unknown; it is left zero in frame and stream info
sceRazorCpuFlushOccurred (libSceRazorCpu) - signature and return values (1 = flush since the last call, 0 = none) from SharpProspero; without a capture nothing is flushed, so it returns 0 and writes 0 cycles to the optional out pointer (whether the real library writes it when nothing was flushed is unknown)
sceRazorCpuPushMarkerStatic, sceRazorCpuPopMarker (libSceRazorCpu) - signatures from PPSA26344's calls; (name, color, flags) assumed for the push; both do nothing without a capture
sceRazorCpuPlotValue, sceRazorCpuWriteBookmark (libSceRazorCpu) - signatures (series, float value) and (label, optional description) from SharpProspero, matching PPSA06320's calls; both do nothing without a capture and return 0
sceAjmBatchJobGetInfo (libSceAjm.native) - writes the result and format sideband of a run job without buffers with the SIDEBAND_FORMAT flag (0x400000000000), as KytyPS5 does, not confirmed on a PS5 title; the format reports bitrate 0 for ATRAC9 as in KytyPS5, while shadPS4 derives it from the superframe size; before the instance is initialized it returns the not-initialized result (1) and no format, like the other run jobs here, while KytyPS5 returns result 0 with the format of the uninitialized decoder
sceAjmDecMp3ParseFrame (libSceAjm.native) - signature, result layout and rate tables taken from the shadPS4 reimplementation of the PS4 library, not confirmed on a PS5 title: the layer field is not checked and MPEG-2.5 stops at 64 kbps; the original file length (parse_ofl) layout (Xing/Info + LAME tag, VBRI, Fraunhofer 0xB4 block with its CRC, encoder delay = samples per frame + LAME delay + 529) also comes from shadPS4 only, and the Fraunhofer block has no other public description
NGS2 port matrix (libSceNgs2.native) - a port without a matrix, or with a selected matrix whose levels were never set, mixes through a default channel map: mono reaches both stereo channels at -3 dB and the 5.1 and 7.1 centre, stereo folds to mono at -3 dB per side, and wider sources fold down with 0.5 and -3 dB gains. The map and the equivalence of an unset matrix with no matrix were measured from the PS4 firmware 11.00 libSceNgs2.sprx, not yet from the PS5 library. That library only accepts submixer and mastering voices with 1, 2, 6 or 8 channels, so the map into 3, 4, 5 or 7 channels throws. A matrix set with fewer levels than the destination needs still mixes only the rows it has
sceAjmBatchJobGetCodecInfo, sceAjmBatchJobGetGaplessDecode (libSceAjm.native) - the RUN_GET_CODEC_INFO flag (0x800), the ATRAC9 codec info layout and its next frame size are taken from the shadPS4 and RPCSX reimplementations, not confirmed on a PS5 title; a run job without buffers returns result 0, as in shadPS4. The gapless sideband reports the total and skip counts the title set and does not count them down: RPCSX does the same, shadPS4 counts them down and BryKytyPS5 returns its current counts
AJM Opus decoder (libSceAjm.native, codec 24) - the initialize parameter layout (u32 channels, u32 sample rate, u32, seen as 2, 48000, 0) and the little-endian u16 byte count before each packet come from one title (The Smurfs Dreams); only 48000 Hz and a zero third word are accepted
sceAjmBatchJobSetResampleParametersEx (libSceAjm.native) - the (info, instance, float ratio_start, float ratio_change_per_sample, flags, result) signature is inferred from the name and from sceAjmBatchJobSetResampleParameters; with a zero change per sample it sets the ratio as sceAjmBatchJobSetResampleParameters does (Watch Dogs: Legion, PPSA01500, calls it so). How a non-zero change ramps the ratio is unknown and throws
sceAjmBatchJobControl (libSceAjm.native) - RESET (bit 13), INITIALIZE (bit 14) and the sideband input order (gapless decode, then initialize parameters) come from shadPS4 (PS4); other flags throw
sceAjmBatchJobControl (libSceAjm.native) - RESET is assumed to clear the context as sceAjmBatchJobClearContext does
sceAjmBatchJobControl (libSceAjm.native) - initialize parameters are 8 bytes for ATRAC9, 12 for Opus and none for MP3, as one title passes them; other codecs and sizes, and an output other than the 8-byte result, throw
sceAjmBatchJobControl (libSceAjm.native) - SIDEBAND_GAPLESS_DECODE with RESET overwrites both counts as in RPCSX; shadPS4 ignores a zero count when the other is nonzero. Without RESET they differ, so it throws
NGS2 custom submixer rack (libSceNgs2.native, rack 0x4002) - structure layouts from shadPS4's ngs2_custom.h; module id 0x1f for UserFx2, the voice parameter id 0x40001f00 | module index, the process flags (1 on the first process call after setup, 2 after a parameter change, 0 otherwise) and the call order (setup per voice at rack creation, process after the inputs are mixed, cleanup at destruction) come only from KytyPS5. Only UserFx2 modules on a single buffer are accepted: other module ids, more buffers, a module control handler, different input and output channel counts, setup flags and default rack options throw. Each module's state is a separate buffer, not the state_offset slice of the voice state, and sceNgs2VoiceGetState still throws for this rack. As in KytyPS5, process runs only on grains where an input produced samples, so an effect tail stops with the input and a pending flag 2 waits for the next audible grain
NGS2 reverb rack (libSceNgs2.native, rack 0x2001) - follows the PS4 firmware 11.00 libSceNgs2.sprx, read and checked against its output at 11.025 to 48 kHz, including parameter changes during playback (differences at float rounding level); not yet compared with the PS5 library. Structure layouts come from shadPS4's ngs2_reverb.h and the param ids 0x20010000 (setup) and 0x20010001 (I3DL2) from PPSA22520. Only the default reverb_size of 1 is handled, with its 14400-sample reflection buffer; other sizes and the library's half-rate mode throw. System sample rates below about 7.5 kHz, where an allpass delay would have no samples, throw. Setup only accepts equal input and output channel counts
sceHttpParseResponseHeader (libSceHttp) - signature follows SharpProspero; parsing and error codes follow shadPS4's reverse-engineered PS4 library, not confirmed on a PS5 title or hardware. Folded values retain their line breaks and whitespace; an empty first line starts the value scan after its line feed. A consumed byte count above INT_MAX throws instead of wrapping.
sceHttpParseStatusLine (libSceHttp) - behaviour and error codes follow the shadPS4 reimplementation of the PS4 library, not confirmed on a PS5 title; unlike it, no byte past lineLen is read
sceHttpUriMerge (libSceHttp) - signature follows SharpProspero; validation, size formula, absolute/relative split and path join follow the disassembly-like body in shadPS4, not confirmed on a PS5 title or hardware. The base URL goes through our sceHttpUriParse, which removes dot segments from the base path, while the relative part is appended unswept; base query and fragment are dropped. The relative reference is only classified by its scheme and a leading //, and only references with // are validated; as in shadPS4, //host/x is returned unchanged instead of taking the base scheme, a reference with a scheme but no // (mailto:x) is joined onto the base directory, and ?q and #f are appended to the base directory instead of the base path.
sceHttpUriUnescape (libSceHttp) - signature follows SharpProspero; percent decoding, invalid sequences and error codes follow shadPS4, not confirmed on a PS5 title or hardware. Size includes the final NUL; malformed escapes and + remain unchanged, and decoding runs once.
sceHttpUriSweepPath (libSceHttp) - behaviour follows the shadPS4 reimplementation of the PS4 library and its tests (including the PS4 SDK example), not confirmed on a PS5 title or hardware. It is not RFC 3986 5.2.4: a path that doesn't start with / is copied unchanged and a trailing . or .. without a slash is kept. Unlike shadPS4, nothing at or past srcSize - 1 is read, and srcSize == 1 writes only the terminator
sceHttpSetResponseHeaderMaxSize, sceHttpRedirectCacheFlush, sceHttpsUnloadCert (libSceHttp) - signatures follow shadPS4 (PS4); no PS5 reference has them
sceNpSetTimeout (libSceNpManager) - the signature follows orbital, shadPS4 and SharpProspero; the rejected values (all five 0, negative retries, a resolve timeout under 1 s or another timeout under 10 s, 0 meaning the default) are shadPS4's, not checked on a console. An id that was never created or was deleted returns REQUEST_NOT_FOUND, as in shadPS4; there is no network, so the timeouts are not stored
sceHttpSetRequestStatusCallback - the three-argument ABI follows shadPS4. Registrations and user data are retained and removed on request deletion; the offline backend never dispatches callbacks. Invalid ids return 0x80431100, an uncited assumption, not a verified console error. Handle hierarchy, inheritance and deleted-handle validation remain incomplete; callback statuses and dispatch timing are unknown.
sceHttpSetRedirectCallback, sceHttpSetCookieRecvCallback, sceHttpsSetSslVersion, sceHttpsGetSslError (libSceHttp) - signatures follow shadPS4 (PS4), which only logs and returns 0; a null errNum or detail in sceHttpsGetSslError is assumed to return SCE_HTTP_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE like sceHttpGetLastErrno
sceHttpSetAuthInfoCallback (libSceHttp) - signature and callback type follow shadPS4 (PS4); no PS5 reference has them. The id is not checked, as in the other libSceHttp setters
libSceHttp2 cookie boxes (libSceHttp2) - sceHttp2CreateCookieBox is taken to take the library context id first, as in the prosper reimplementation; further arguments are unknown and ignored. sceHttp2SetRequestNoContentLength is assumed to take only the request id. Cookies are never stored, so sceHttp2CookieFlush has nothing to discard
sceNpSessionSignalingGetMemoryInfo (libSceNpSessionSignaling) - unknown signature
sceNpSessionSignalingGetConnectionStatistics (libSceNpSessionSignaling) - unknown signature
sceUserServiceGetAgeLevel (libSceUserService) - the meaning of the value is unknown; 0 is reported, as for the unset game presets. PPSA12544 (Unity) only stores it for its user profile
sceGameUpdateGetAddcontLatestVersion (libSceGameUpdate) - a null entitlement_label throws: KytyPS5 accepts it, prosper returns 0x80412803. Bytes after found are zeroed as in KytyPS5; prosper leaves them untouched
sceSystemServiceParamGetString (libSceSystemService) - the system name (parameter 6) is the fixed PS5, not the console's name; other parameters and buffers of 1 to 64 bytes throw
sceSystemServiceParamGetInt (libSceSystemService) - console language numbers 0 to 29 follow the PS4 SDK enum in OpenOrbis (21 Arabic). 30 (Ukrainian) is not in it and follows PPSA99505 (Jelly5) and PPSA99002 (ProsperoLight), whose numbers agree with the enum. Not confirmed on a console, and neither title starts on main yet. Without ANYPS5_LANGUAGE the language is English (United States); the date format, time format, time zone, summer time and enter button stay fixed
sceNgs2SystemSetSampleRate, sceNgs2SystemSetUserData, sceNgs2SystemGetUserData, sceNgs2SystemLock, sceNgs2SystemUnlock (libSceNgs2.native) - shadPS4 only checks the system handle (INVALID_SYSTEM_HANDLE) and SharpProspero names what each call does; neither gives the other limits. A sample rate of 0 and a null user data pointer throw, any other rate is accepted, and changing the rate while a sampler filter is enabled throws because the filter coefficients were computed for the old rate. Lock and unlock take the same lock as sceNgs2RackLock
sceNgs2RackGetInfo (libSceNgs2.native) - field order from shadPS4's OrbisNgs2RackInfo with the 64-byte name of the other info structures (216 bytes); type is assumed to be the rack id divided by 0x1000, min_grain_samples 64 (the system minimum) and state_flags 1; uid comes from a per-process rack counter, render_count is the owning system's render count and active_voice_count counts voices that are not empty (paused and stopped voices included). The last process ratio and tick and active_channel_work_count are left zero
sceNgs2VoiceQueryInfo (libSceNgs2.native) - only info id 0x4001 is known: PPSA22520 passes an 8-byte buffer and branches on the first word being 1 or 2, so it is assumed to be the voice channel count (0 before the voice is set up); the second word is zeroed and other ids throw
sceNgs2VoiceGetPortInfo (libSceNgs2.native) - layout from shadPS4; the delay and destination input are zero because ports have neither yet
sceNgs2ParseWaveformFile (libSceNgs2.native) - the signature (path, offset, info) is taken from the call site of PPSA21402, which sets only three argument registers; the file is read from offset to its end, the data and block offsets are taken to be relative to the start of the file, not of offset, and an unreadable file throws. The audio unit fields of a 16-bit PCM waveform are assumed to be one sample frame per unit and per frame; INVALID_WAVEFORM_DATA for a data chunk that runs past the buffer or ends inside a frame is assumed, and looped PCM and other PCM formats throw
sceSaveDataInitialize3 (libSceSaveData.native) - a repeated initialize succeeds: PPSA12544's executable and its Unity SaveData plugin both initialize, and the plugin fails on any error. Initializations are counted and sceSaveDataTerminate ends the session at the last one; how the console pairs them is unknown
sceTextToSpeech2GetSystemStatus (libSceTextToSpeech2) - unknown signature
sceCoredumpAttachUserMemoryFile (libkernel) - unknown signature
sceCoredumpAttachMemoryRegion (libkernel) - unknown signature
sceKernelAddTimerEvent (libkernel) - usec is taken as the period in microseconds; re-adding an existing timer keeps its pending expiration count and restarts the period from the time of the call, where FreeBSD 12+ filt_timertouch clears pending expirations on EV_ADD; usec == 0 fires on every wait. None of this is confirmed on a PS5 title
sceRtcFormatRFC2822, sceRtcFormatRFC2822LocalTime, sceRtcFormatRFC3339LocalTime (libSceRtc) - only shadPS4 (PS4) has bodies. A null tick returns INVALID_POINTER like the existing sceRtcFormatRFC3339, where shadPS4 formats the current time instead; offsets outside ±1439 minutes return INVALID_VALUE like sceRtcFormatRFC3339; the local-time variants use the host's offset at the given instant (shadPS4 uses sceKernelGettimezone, the current offset)
snwprintf_s (libc) - follows C11 K.3.9.1.3 with RSIZE_MAX assumed to be SIZE_MAX >> 1. A runtime-constraint violation only returns a negative value: set_constraint_handler_s is not exported and the console's default handler is unknown. An invalid multibyte %s argument is copied byte by byte instead of being reported as an encoding error, as in vswprintf
vsnprintf_s and vsscanf_s (libc) - vsnprintf_s forwards to vsnprintf semantics: the C11 K.3.7.1.5 runtime constraints (null buffer, size == 0, %n, null %s) are not checked, so size == 0 returns the would-be length instead of a negative value, and no constraint handler is invoked. vsscanf_s returns the count of items converted before an undersized %s/%c/%[ destination (0 when it is the first), not EOF. Neither is confirmed on a PS5 title
libSceUlt ulthreads - _sceUltUlthreadRuntimeOptParamInitialize, _sceUltUlthreadRuntimeCreate and _sceUltUlthreadCreate are assumed to take the same arguments as the existing exports without the underscore, including the trailing build version. sceUltUlthreadTryJoin is assumed to return ULT_ERROR_BUSY while the ulthread runs, and sceUltUlthreadRuntimeDestroy to return ULT_ERROR_BUSY while an ulthread created on the runtime is not joined. Neither error has been confirmed on PS5 hardware
libSceUlt queues - the added sceUltQueuePop, sceUltQueueTryPush, sceUltQueueDestroy and sceUltQueueDataResourcePoolDestroy signatures are inferred from the existing push/pop and object APIs. Queue destruction is assumed to reject blocked callers with ULT_ERROR_BUSY and otherwise discard queued data; pool exhaustion returns ULT_ERROR_AGAIN. These rules, alignment checks and shared slot limits have not been confirmed on PS5 hardware or a title. Non-null queue and data-pool option parameters throw because their layouts are unknown.
localeconv (libc, re-exported by libSceAmpr) - the 0x90-byte Dinkumware struct (empty monetary strings, CHAR_MAX for the 14 char fields, decimal_point ".", _False/_True "false"/"true") is read from the libc.prx that Astro's Playroom ships. It is a fixed C-locale table: whether the console changes it with setlocale is not known, and _Frac_grouping, _Frac_sep, _No, _Yes are empty strings as in that dump
set_constraint_handler_s (libc, re-exported by libSceAmpr) - the default handler is assumed to abort; each module keeps its own handler state, so a handler set through one library is not seen by the other. ctime_s and asctime_s follow the Dinkumware 26-byte format with EINVAL for a buffer under 26 bytes, a null pointer or an out-of-range weekday/month; ctime_s uses the guest time zone of localtime_s, and the console's exact checks are not verified
__udivti3 (libc, re-exported by libSceAmpr) - the hardware traps on a zero divisor; this throws instead
AC1FtjqMCL0 (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
0iEKNAvT600 (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
2cELEBPdYQ0 (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
5xYxiOtOccA (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
6W+shIH315Q (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
7ilObq815O4 (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
7iq7Hfs8HBk (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
AMJZhpC+siY (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
E9XkHowt+dY (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
GADjreszOgM (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
Giyg2xGrXDU (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
KC3y21wrqzc (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
Qb8wS4GZUsw (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
aAQZSjb2fho (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
pnz21I6VjDs (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
qk043QPsrZU (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
uDGXwUKqi8s (libkernel) - unknown name, signature
LinuxProtFromSce (libkernel) - protection bits 0x100 and 0x200 are accepted and assumed not to affect host CPU access; host protection is derived only from the read, write and execute bits
_sceUlobjmgrRegisterObject (ulobjmgr) - parameters taken from shadPS4 (PS4): a nonzero 64-bit object, a nonzero 32-bit kind and a 32-bit id output; the meaning of the first two and the PS5 signature are unverified. The id bound of _sceUlobjmgrUnregisterObject (below 0x4000) and the raw EINVAL (22) return also come from shadPS4
sceShareGetCurrentStatus (libSceShare) - validation (feature flag non-zero, status non-null) and the all-zero 16-byte status taken from the KytyPS5 reimplementation, not confirmed on a PS5 title; the meaning of the recording status values is unknown
sceShareGetRunningStatus (libSceShare) - only the first 32-bit word of the status is known: PPSA01317 treats bits 0x3c of it as a running share feature and gives the call a 40-byte buffer. The host never records or broadcasts, so it stores 0 in that word and leaves the rest untouched; a null status returns INVALID_PARAM by analogy with sceShareGetCurrentStatus
sceShareSetContentParamForApplicationTitle (libSceShare) - imported by PPSA12544's Unity plugins; the signature follows KytyPS5, not confirmed on a PS5 title. The application title is only checked for null, as KytyPS5 does, since nothing is captured
sceSharePlayInitialize (libSceSharePlay) - the library keeps no state, so the heap is not used. A null heap is accepted: PPSA11386 passes a null heap and 0x1800 bytes and stops on any non-zero result. The error for a zero size is unknown, so it throws
sceAgcDcbSetZPassPredicationEnableGetSize, sceAgcDcbSetPredicationDisableGetSize, sceAgcDcbSetBoolPredicationEnableGetSize (libSceAgc) - the builders are inline in the SDK and not exported; the size is assumed to be that of the SET_PREDICATION packet sceAgcDcbSetPredication writes (16 bytes)
Resource registration (libSceAgcDriver) - registration always fails with RESOURCE_REGISTRATION_UNAVAILABLE, so the owner and resource queries, sceAgcDriverSetResourceUserData, sceAgcDriverFindResourcesPublic and sceAgcDriverUnregisterAllResourcesForOwner return the same error without reading their arguments. Their parameter lists follow the libSceGnmDriver counterparts and are unverified. sceAgcDriverGetResourceRegistrationMaxNameLength writes 0xfc and returns 0, as prosper does from a title's registration configuration; the uint32_t* parameter matches the SDK wrapper sce::Agc::ResourceRegistration::getMaxNameLength(unsigned int*). sharpemu writes 256 and KytyPS5 returns RESOURCE_REGISTRATION_UNAVAILABLE, so the value is unverified; a null output throws
sceAgcDriverRegisterMultipleResources uses the existing unavailable-registration state and leaves caller memory untouched. Its four arguments (uint32 handle output, uint32 owner, descriptor pointer, uint32 count) follow the original PPSA34502 / 01.010.000 codzm call. The caller builds 40-byte descriptors and explicitly accepts 0x8A6C9018 with an invalid output handle. Enabled registration and console argument-validation precedence are unverified.
Shader registration (libSceAgcDriver) - a shader header is accepted at any address: PPSA26344 passes headers 4 and 1 bytes past an 8-byte boundary; whether the console refuses an alignment is unknown
Shader header copies (libSceAgcDriver) - a header bound for a draw or dispatch at another address than the registered one is accepted when its fixed fields match the registered header except user_data; the registered header's metadata is used. PPSA21567 binds such a copy of a vertex shader header with user_data set to null. Whether the console reads the copy's user_data is unknown
HtileFillCovers (libSceAgcDriver) - a fill is taken to cover a depth surface's whole HTILE when it spans 32 KiB per 1024x512 pixel block from DB_HTILE_DATA_BASE, the pipe-aligned SW_64KB_Z_X metadata extent AMD PAL's gfx10 addrlib gives for GB_ADDR_CONFIG 0x00100044 (1-8 samples, D16/D32); other metadata layouts are not decoded. A partial fill is ignored (the surface keeps its contents); not measured on the console.
Depth fast clear through HTILE (libSceAgcDriver) - a surface cleared by an HTILE fill is cleared to DB_DEPTH_CLEAR, also when it is next sampled. For a depth-only HTILE the clear word also carries a value (radv writes minz = maxz = round(depth * 0x3fff), HTILE_Z_CLEAR_REG in Mesa's src/amd/common/ac_descriptors.h, and allows TC-compatible fast clears only to 0.0 or 1.0); which of the two the texture unit returns for a cleared tile was not measured.
Depth-only and stencil HTILE fill (libSceAgcDriver) - in a whole-HTILE fill, ZMask (bits 0-3) 0 clears the depth and SMem (bits 8-9) 0 clears the stencil, while SMem 3 leaves the stencil alone (HtileFillClears); other SMem values are taken to leave it alone too. The bit meanings follow the gfx10 HTILE layout as the code reads it, not a measurement; agc_driver_depth_fast_clear_submit pins them for the paths the Driver takes.
HTILE address of a depth array slice (libSceAgcDriver) - decodeDepth adds the DB_DEPTH_VIEW slice offset to the Z and stencil addresses but not to htileAddress, so every slice of a layered depth target shares slice 0's HTILE address and a fill of slice 0's HTILE marks all slices cleared. Astro's Playroom fills the HTILE of each of its three shadow cascades 0x40000 apart (0x24000 bytes of tiles each) back to back before drawing, so the result is still right there; a title that clears one slice between draws to another would lose depth. The per-slice HTILE stride is not derived yet.
sceNgs2VoiceControl sampler filter (libSceNgs2.native) - param 0x1000000a, its layout and meaning follow KytyPS5 only: location 1 type 1 is an RBJ low-pass biquad at the system sample rate after resampling, scaled by level, a set channel_mask bit bypasses that channel, type 0 turns the filter off. Other locations and types throw. The voice keeps playing a filter tail after its last block until the history is zero, with outputs below 1e-20 flushed to zero (a KytyPS5 choice); the console's tail length is unknown
sceNgs2PanInit / sceNgs2PanGetVolumeMatrix (libSceNgs2.native) - follow the PS4 firmware 11.00 libSceNgs2.sprx, read and checked against its output for 2, 4, 5 and 7 speakers into 1, 2, 6 and 8 channels; not yet confirmed on the PS5 library. Speakers are taken in the order L R, L R Ls Rs, L R C Ls Rs or L R C Ls Rs Lb Rb and kept in a fixed circular order, not sorted; without angles the defaults are 90/270, 40/110/250/320, 0/40/110/250/320 and 0/40/110/150/210/250/320 degrees. As in that library, defaults converted to radians keep the wrap-around entry in degrees, so angles past the last speaker pan almost fully to it. Error codes are not known for the PS5, so invalid arguments throw, including a speaker angle equal to the unit angle, on which that library loops forever. Angles so large that adding or subtracting a turn leaves them unchanged throw for the same reason
sceRtcGetDosTime, sceRtcSetDosTime (libSceRtc) - bit layout from shadPS4 (PS4, the standard FAT date/time). A year outside 1980-2107 makes GetDosTime return INVALID_YEAR after writing 0 for an earlier one and 0xff9fbf7d (2107-12-31 23:59:58, the largest encodable time) for a later one, and SetDosTime decodes the year as the unsigned 7-bit FAT field (1980-2107) without validating the fields, as the disassembly-derived fpPS4 reimplementation of the PS4 library does; not confirmed on a PS5 title, and shadPS4 instead masks out-of-range years into the packed value and sign-extends the 16-bit date
sce::Json::InitParameter2 (libSceJson2) - layout inferred, not known: assumed to start with the allocator, its user data and the file buffer size, in that order, and the whole struct is assumed to fit in 40 bytes; Initializer::initialize(InitParameter2) ignores them as initialize(InitParameter) does
sceAjmBatchJobSetResampleParameters, sceAjmBatchJobGetResampleInfo (libSceAjm) - the ratio is taken as decoded samples per output sample and num_samples as the decoded samples the resampler holds, both inferred from FMOD (Hades II); the console's interpolation is unknown, a 4-point Catmull-Rom is used. The flags argument is ignored, as in shadPS4 and Kyty
scePlayerReviewDialogOpen, scePlayerReviewDialogGetResult (libSceCdlgPlayerReview) - the PS5-only dialog has no public reference: the parameter is not read and the result is assumed to start with the 32-bit common dialog result, as sceWebBrowserDialogGetResult assumes
sceHttpWaitRequest (libSceHttp) - the timeout is assumed to be in microseconds and a negative timeout to wait without limit; the invalid-value error for a null handle or event array or a non-positive event count is assumed, not measured. No request is ever pending, so the call waits for the timeout and returns 0 events, and a wait without limit throws
sceVideoOutAddPreVblankStartEvent (libSceVideoOut) - how long before the vblank the console signals pre-vblank start is unknown. The event is triggered on each emulated vblank tick immediately before the vblank event, with its own count as the event data
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min (libkernel) - SCHED_OTHER (2) reports the same 256 to 767 range as SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR; the console's answer is unverified. FreeBSD accepts SCHED_OTHER with its own range, and shadPS4 rejects it with EINVAL. pthread_setschedparam ignores the policy, so a priority taken from this range applies
gethostbyname (libScePosixForWebKit) - numeric IPv4 forms, trailing whitespace and 64-bit accumulation follow FreeBSD 11.4 inet_aton; clearing the resolver error on numeric success follows fakeaddr. Exact PS5 behavior is unverified; hostname lookup still uses the host resolver
sceAppContentGetAddcontDownloadProgress (libSceAppContent) - imported by PPSA08755, which fails to load without it; added without an implementation because its behavior is unverified. SharpProspero lists (uint32_t serviceLabel, entitlementLabel, SceAppContentAddcontDownloadProgress*), but no PS5 reference gives the progress layout or the error codes

Functional

getc_unlocked, putc_unlocked (libc) - byte I/O uses the host unlocked operations; guest EOF/error flags and macro counters follow FileStream. Linux status queries use feof_unlocked/ferror_unlocked because glibc feof and ferror can acquire the stream lock. Windows uses the CRT no-lock byte operations and feof/ferror, verified under a held stream lock on UCRT. Console behavior and other host CRTs remain unverified.
libSceOpusDec uses FFmpeg for 48000 Hz mono/stereo signed-16 decoding. The six signatures, 640-byte opaque state allocation and byte-count return follow public PS5 decoder research and ProsperoRadio. Console PCM equivalence and error codes are unverified. Other sample rates, packet loss concealment, invalid inputs and termination with live decoders throw. Context identifiers and host decoder state are private registries; the firmware's opaque state layout and error recovery are unknown.
mkstemp and isatty (libScePosixForWebKit) follow FreeBSD's temporary-file API and terminal check, without console verification. mkstemp replaces all trailing X characters, accepts a fixed name, and creates files through the guest path resolver with exclusive read/write access and mode 0600. Windows file permissions follow the existing kernel file implementation. isatty tests Windows console handles rather than all character devices; files, pipes and guest sockets return ENOTTY, closed descriptors return EBADF.
Dinkumware thread exports (libSceAmpr) follow the Dinkumware threads library shipped with Visual C++ 2013 (cthread.c, xtime.c) and its atomic.c, microsoft/STL cthread.cpp and C11 Annex K, without console verification. _Thrd_t is taken to be the guest pthread_t, as the std::_Pad::_Launch(pthread**) export suggests: _Thrd_join returns _Thrd_error (4) when pthread_join fails and stores the thread's return value truncated to int. _Thrd_sleep reads a 16-byte xtime (64-bit seconds and nanoseconds) on the guest CLOCK_REALTIME, normalizes the nanoseconds and sleeps through nanosleep, so it is a cancellation point; a null xtime or one whose normalization overflows throws. The console's _Thrd_sleep (disassembled from a title's libc.prx) also takes an optional xtime* of remaining time and returns int; here the sleep is never cut short, so it returns 0 and leaves the remaining time untouched. _Thrd_join (32-bit store of the result, 0 or 4) and the spin lock (byte exchange loop, no yield) match that disassembly. The shared_ptr spin lock is one process-wide flag that yields while it spins. wcstombs_s is wcsrtombs_s with a fresh conversion state, so *retval excludes the terminating null as in Annex K, not as in the Microsoft CRT, and _TRUNCATE has no meaning
libSceZlib completes RFC1950 decompression during submission and supports one outstanding request, null-timeout waits and one result retrieval. Timed waits, multiple outstanding requests, repeated retrieval and finalization with an unread result throw. The 64-bit initialization length and 64 KiB output limit with 2 KiB destination alignment follow SharpProspero; the PS4 initialization length is 32 bits. shadPS4 also requires the output length to be a multiple of 2 KiB and returns 0x81120016 for invalid arguments; this implementation accepts any length up to 64 KiB (SharpProspero documents only the pointer alignment) and throws on invalid arguments. Scratch memory is not used, and its firmware size/alignment requirements are unknown. The initialization errors follow SharpProspero; malformed/checksum/truncated streams report 0x811200FF and insufficient output 0x8112001C as in shadPS4. PS5 error precedence, scheduling, completion selection, result consumption and cancellation are unverified. The payload SDK's FreeBSD kernel z_stream and host errno are not this library's ABI.
Windows file timestamps use the host filesystem's timestamp range and resolution. utimes and futimes reject timestamps outside nonnegative signed 64-bit Windows file-time ticks with EINVAL, including exactly 1601-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, whose zero value means "leave unchanged" to SetFileTime. Guest directory descriptors still resolve through their recorded path. Filesystems with coarser timestamp resolution cannot retain every guest microsecond
Windows file identity (libkernel) - stat and fstat report the volume serial number as st_dev and the 64-bit file index folded into the guest's 32-bit st_ino (never 0), so two different files can in principle share an st_ino; the fold is not taken from a reference. st_nlink is clamped to 65535, the width of the guest field. The call keeps the _wstat64 values when GetFileInformationByHandle fails
On Linux, direct memory lives in one sparse memfd at file offset = physical address, so the GPU imports can share one udmabuf buffer object per 64 MiB of it. Released direct memory is not punched out of the file, because a live import of its chunk pins the pages and the GPU would keep reading the old ones: its pages stay committed (the process keeps the high-water mark of the direct memory it used) and are zeroed when the range is allocated again.
Per-face depth bias (libSceAgcDriver): Vulkan has one depth bias per draw, so a draw that rasterizes both faces with different front and back bias (PA_SU_SC_MODE_CNTL, PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_FRONT/BACK_*) is recorded twice, front faces with the back faces culled and then back faces with the front faces culled. The vertex stages run twice, so a vertex shader that writes memory writes twice, and all front faces land before all back faces instead of in primitive order, which differs only for blending or stencil updates that depend on the order.
Separate alpha blend into 8_8 SWAP_ALT targets (libSceAgcDriver): the second channel of a two-channel target with COMP_SWAP 1 holds the alpha export, but Vulkan blends it with the color equation of the R8G8 attachment, so a draw whose alpha equation differs from its color equation is recorded twice, the first channel with the color equation and the second with the alpha factors and operation moved into the color equation. The vertex stages run twice, so a vertex shader that writes memory writes twice, and occlusion counts include both passes. Draws that write depth or stencil, pixel shaders that write memory and factors of the destination alpha throw. That the hardware blends the second channel with the alpha equation is taken from Mesa's si_translate_colorswap and radeonsi's use of it for luminance-alpha formats, not measured on hardware.
Compute LDS beyond the device's shared-memory limit (libSceAgcDriver) lives in a coherent storage buffer with one slice of LDS bytes / 4 + 1 dwords per workgroup (the last dword is the atomic lock), shared by all such dispatches and grown in 1 MiB steps up to maxStorageBufferRange; a dispatch whose slices do not fit throws. It is slower than shared memory and its cost was not measured. An indirect dispatch of such a program always reads its group counts on the CPU. Its results are pinned against the in-limit semantics in agc_driver_lds_beyond_device_limit, not measured on hardware.
Graphics pipeline libraries (libSceAgcDriver): a pipeline is fast-linked at the draw and relinked with VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_LINK_TIME_OPTIMIZATION_BIT_EXT on a background thread, and binds the optimized one from the next draw on. Draws recorded before that use the fast link, whose vertex stage keeps the outputs the fragment stage does not read: on RADV (Radeon 660M, Mesa 26.2.4) 346 of 483 Astro's Playroom vertex shaders paired with a fragment stage that reads none of them used more VGPRs (median 8 more, up to 2.5 times), and on an RTX 4090 13 of 15 PPSA36082 vertex shaders up to 68 instead of 38 (#2242). The optimized link compiles to the same code as a whole pipeline
sceAvPlayerGetVideoData (libSceAvPlayer) in sync mode SCE_AVPLAYER_AV_SYNC_MODE_NONE skips queued frames that the audio clock has already passed while the title pulls audio, so a title that requests video slower than the film's frame rate keeps the picture with the sound. Whether the console hands out every frame in this mode is unknown. PPSA12544 requests 7-19 frames per second for a 30 fps cinematic
APS5_THREAD_PRIORITY=rt (libSceAgcDriver) lowers the process's hard RLIMIT_RTTIME when it is above APS5_THREAD_RTTIME_US or rtkit's RTTimeUSecMax, because rtkit (verify_process_rttime) reads the hard limit from /proc/<pid>/limits and refuses real-time scheduling when it is higher. An unprivileged process cannot raise the hard limit again, so it stays lowered for the process and its threads even when rtkit then refuses the request (burst limit, user or start-time checks) and the thread throws. rtkit's MaxRealtimePriority and RTTimeUSecMax are read first, so an unreachable rtkit or a priority above its maximum leaves the limit untouched. The lowered limit only matters for threads that later run under a real-time policy
On a device without VK_EXT_robustness2's nullDescriptor, such as MoltenVK, a null image descriptor in a typed heap is a placeholder image of that heap's type, 1×1 and cleared to zero, which every null descriptor of the heap shares. Reads give zeros, as nullDescriptor allows, but stores and atomics to it are kept, so a later read of a null storage image can return them, and a depth comparison compares against depth 0. A heap whose placeholder the device cannot create, for example 1D or 3D depth, 64-bit atomics without 64-bit image atomics, or multisampled storage without shaderStorageImageMultisample, throws when a null descriptor reaches it.
libSceHttp2 asynchronous requests (libSceHttp2) never reach the network: sceHttp2SendRequestAsync accepts the request, queues a completion whose result is the library's network error and triggers the user event named by the kqueue option (equeue at offset 0, event id at 8, user data at 16, layout inferred from PPSA17221); sceHttp2WaitAsync returns that completion. The completion's event_type value is unknown and left 0. PPSA17221 completes its request object only after sceHttp2SendRequestAsync returns, and its handler for a synchronous failure calls shared_from_this before that, so a send must not fail synchronously. A kqueue option or user event that is missing, an extra option, and a wait with no completed operation throw
system (libkernel) runs no command. It follows FreeBSD 11's lib/libc/stdlib/system.c for a sandbox without /bin/sh: a null command returns 1 unconditionally, as that version does, and any command returns the wait status of a child that could not exec the shell and called _exit(127) (0x7f00). Whether the console's application sandbox has no shell, and whether vfork succeeds there (FreeBSD returns -1 when it fails), is unverified
sceKernelWriteThrottlingStatus (libkernel) reports no write throttling: the host SSD has no write budget, so the first qword of the 32-byte status is set to UINT32_MAX and the rest is zeroed. PPSA17221 reads only that qword: it multiplies it by 64 KiB and compares the product with byte thresholds up to 0x4AF00000 to pick one of five tiers. When the call fails the title assumes 0x4B000001 bytes, which selects the same top tier as UINT32_MAX. What the value measures on hardware (a remaining budget or a rate) and the meaning of the other three qwords are unknown
/dev/random and /dev/urandom (libkernel) opened for reading return a descriptor backed by the host null device whose reads are filled from std::random_device; both paths behave the same, never block, and positioned reads ignore the offset (FreeBSD random(4)). Only the exact paths are recognised, a duped descriptor reads as an empty file, fstat, lseek, mmap and select see the null device, and opening them for writing throws
Wide-character conversions (libc) - The wide wcsto* functions parse the ASCII prefix of the guest string, as the C locale accepts only ASCII white space and digits. wcsrtombs uses the guest's single-byte C locale through wcrtomb; other encodings and shift states are not supported
realpath (libc) follows FreeBSD 11's realpath.c except for symlinks. The console's guest filesystem has none, so a host symlink under the guest root is followed for existence and type but not expanded, and .. drops the previous component lexically, as Resolve does for every guest path. Through a host link linkdir -> sub/deep, linkdir/../x gives x beside the link, not beside its target.
nan and nanf (libc) return fixed quiet NaN values (0x7fc00000 and 0x7ff8000000000000), ignoring the tag argument as observed in the console's libc.prx (both exports load a global constant via mov rax,[rip+..]; vmovsd xmm0,[rax]; ret); VLC (PPSA85300) stops on nanf at start-up after strsep.
SPIRV-Tools optimization skips CCP and Simplification for modules with storage-only 8- or 16-bit types because the pinned folder produces illegal narrow constants. This also disables unrelated constant folding; the restricted full pipeline mirrors the pinned performance recipe.
SRT signed comparison evaluates SLessThan32 as signed 32-bit less-than, matching the existing SPIR-V backend and SPIR-V OpSLessThan. Signed boundary descriptor expressions are tested on the host; native RDNA2/PS5 execution and title behavior remain unverified.
On macOS the write watch write-protects watched pages and records the first write to each from a SIGBUS/SIGSEGV handler, because macOS has no counterpart to userfaultfd write-protect or MEM_WRITE_WATCH. The protection is real, so:
- a system call that writes into a protected page fails with EFAULT instead of faulting. GuestArena::HostWrite lifts the protection for the calls it brackets (the file reads); a host call that writes guest memory without it (sockets, clock_gettime and the like into a watched page) fails;
- code that changes the protection of watched pages, or maps over them, has to call GuestWriteWatchProtectionChanged, and code that asks the kernel for a page's protection has to ask GuestWriteWatchProtection first, since a watched page is read-only between a collection and the next write. Nothing calls either yet: the macOS memory paths are not in the tree;
- the handler is installed when libc loads and passes other faults to the handler installed before it. A handler installed later has to do the same.
Pending storage-image results (libSceAgcDriver) are stored when something reads their memory, not when the GPU work that wrote them completes. A title that waits for that work, frees the image and reuses its memory can have the new data overwritten by the late store (#1970). APS5_STORE_AT_FLIP=1 stores every pending result at each flip; storing them at the title's GPU waits (labels, fences) is unimplemented.
Windows host-pointer imports of the guest mapping itself are compared instead of write-watched: a driver can mark imported pages dirty after the synchronous import window. Shared memory imported through a separate writable alias retains protection-based tracking on the guest views; driver access to the import alias does not disarm those views. GuestMemory excludes every overlapping 64 KiB tracker block while its backing is retained. A full block replaced by fresh private backing regains tracking and gets a new generation; protection changes, partial replacements and shared remappings do not restore it. This preserves CPU edits through byte comparisons but disables snapshot reuse and unit shadows for excluded blocks; restoring tracking on import retirement without replacing the backing and measuring the comparison cost remain unimplemented.
Storage-image units under a Linux import window (libSceAgcDriver) that the window stamped as a possible CPU store (BlockMaybeWritten) are compared with the bytes the image was uploaded from or written back as, and are unchanged when those still match. A CPU store of the bytes already there within the window cannot be told apart from an import that resolves the write protection without storing, as the NVIDIA driver (610.57.04) does for every imported page, so such a store does not win over pending results. Images tracked by layer instead of by 64 KiB unit still read the window as a change and upload again.
shm_open (libkernel) creates only anonymous objects (SHM_ANON), each backed by a host anonymous file: a memfd on Linux, a delete-on-close temporary file on Windows. The flag checks follow FreeBSD 11's kern_shm_open; the mode is ignored. Named objects throw. The descriptor cannot be mapped yet: mmap accepts only private anonymous mappings and fails a descriptor mapping with EOPNOTSUPP, so the known caller (the bundled Mesa in PPSA59322, which truncates the object and maps it MAP_SHARED) gets that failure
sceKernelAddReadEvent and sceKernelAddWriteEvent (libkernel): a write event reports the socket's send buffer size (SO_SNDBUF) in data, not the free space left in it, as Windows has no query for that space. Only guest sockets are supported; other descriptors and a low watermark above 1 throw
sceNetSendmsg and sceNetRecvmsg (libSceNet) copy the scatter/gather list through one host buffer and accept only the flags sceNetSend/sceNetRecv accept. Sending control data throws; a receive never returns control data (msg_controllen 0), since no socket option that queues it is supported
Additional content (libSceAppContent) is not installed or mounted: sceAppContentAddcontMount answers NOT_FOUND for every entitlement label and sceAppContentAddcontUnmount for every mount point, as no add-content mount is ever handed out; sceAppContentGetAddcontInfo answers DRM_NO_ENTITLEMENT for every label and sceAppContentGetAddcontInfoList reports 0 entries
Runtime-loaded modules (--module-dir) that another module needs are initialized at startup with no start arguments, before the module that needs them is loaded; the console is assumed to start them when that module is loaded. On macOS, sceKernelLoadStartModule does not pass start arguments to a module's initializer.
sceKernelPread, sceKernelPwrite, sceKernelPreadv, sceKernelPwritev (libkernel) on Windows transfer at the given offset with an overlapped ReadFile/WriteFile and restore the descriptor's file pointer afterwards, so a concurrent read/write on the same descriptor can see the moved pointer in between, unlike on the console. Handles that are not disk files return ESPIPE. readv on a pipe or console handle stops after the first iovec read, a short read the console is assumed to allow; each iovec is transferred separately, so a failure after the first transfer returns the bytes already done
sceKernelAioSubmitReadCommands, sceKernelAioSubmitWriteCommands and their Multiple variants (libkernel) on Windows transfer through the same positioned path as sceKernelPread/sceKernelPwrite and restore the descriptor's file pointer afterwards, so a concurrent read/write on the same descriptor can see the moved pointer in between, unlike on the console
sceKernelGetFsSandboxRandomWord (libkernel) returns a fixed directory name, gkbHtXc3Wq. On the console the name is the process's randomized path (syscall 602, randomized_path), and the sandbox exposes system files under it, such as common/lib and common/cert. Nothing is mounted under the name here, so /gkbHtXc3Wq/common/... resolves under the guest root like any other path and does not exist
sceKernelSync (libkernel) flushes only the host files and directories recorded through RecordWrittenPath_nid_no_patch (the libc, libkernel, save data and app content file functions) and their changed parent directories. A host write in a library that does not record its path is not flushed by sceKernelSync
sceKernelSync (libkernel) on Windows skips a recorded file it cannot open for writing (read-only, or held open by a handle that denies write sharing), since FlushFileBuffers needs a writable handle. On Linux, it skips a recorded file it cannot open for reading. Such a file's data may not reach the disk before a host crash; the guest reads the same data either way
getcontext and setcontext (libkernel) and makecontext (libSceLibcInternal) use FreeBSD 11's amd64 ucontext_t (mcontext at 0x10, mc_len 800, uc_link at 0x330, uc_stack at 0x338, 0x370 bytes), the layout homebrew built against FreeBSD's headers passes: PPSA99039's OpenSSL ASYNC (crypto/async/arch/async_posix.c) captures into a 0x370-byte stack buffer. getcontext writes the 0x330 bytes before uc_link, as FreeBSD's UC_COPY_SIZE. The console's own layout for these functions is not verified; the exception handler's context is a different one (see sceKernelRaiseException)
makecontext (libSceLibcInternal) follows FreeBSD 11's lib/libc/amd64/gen/makecontext.c: at most six arguments, a stack of at least MINSIGSTKSZ (2048) bytes, and exit(0) when the function returns with no uc_link. The console's version is not verified
getcontext and setcontext (libkernel) keep the 512-byte FXSAVE image in mc_fpstate (x87, MXCSR, XMM0-15), so the upper halves of YMM0-15 are neither saved nor restored, and getcontext leaves mc_xfpustate and mc_xfpustate_len 0. getcontext sets mc_fpformat and mc_ownedfp to FreeBSD's _MC_FPFMT_XMM and _MC_FPOWNED_FPU, mc_cs and mc_ss to the host selectors, and mc_flags, mc_fsbase and mc_gsbase to 0. setcontext loads mc_fpstate whatever mc_fpformat and mc_ownedfp say, and restores neither the segment selectors, mc_fsbase and mc_gsbase nor the extended state, which FreeBSD restores when mc_flags asks for them
makecontext (libSceLibcInternal) on Windows pins its stack writable until a later makecontext stack overlaps it, since nothing tells the library when the guest frees the stack
setcontext (libkernel) and longjmp (libc) on Windows set the thread's stack bounds in the TEB to the stack they switch to: a makecontext stack, or else the committed region around the target stack pointer. A switch to any other guest stack, such as a context built by hand, gets the bounds of that region only
sceKernelInstallExceptionHandler records the handler, but a host fault still ends the process: only signals raised with sceKernelRaiseException are delivered. Unity's PS5Util module installs a SIGUSR1 handler that reads uc_mcontext.mc_rsp (offset 0xf8 of the context) and raises SIGUSR1 on other threads to stop them for garbage collection
sceKernelRaiseException on Linux sends the host SIGUSR1, which the library takes over, to the target thread, so the handler runs wherever the thread was interrupted, emulator code included. On the console kernel objects are system calls and libthr defers signals while a thread holds its internal locks; here a handler that needs a host lock the interrupted code holds deadlocks, and a thread that the handler keeps waiting keeps its host locks. Host waits resume after the handler. The host calls Linux does not restart end early: sleeps that do not retry return before their time, and the poll of sceNetEpollWait and socket calls with a send or receive timeout return EINTR to the guest
sceKernelRaiseException builds the handler's ucontext with FreeBSD's amd64 layout (16-byte sigmask, mcontext at 0x40, mc_rsp at 0xf8); the console's layout is not verified beyond the fields PS5Util reads
sceKernelRaiseException does not consult the target thread's signal mask
pthread_sigmask (libkernel) shares the process-wide mask of sigprocmask and _sigprocmask, which keeps only the first 32 signals; FreeBSD keeps a mask per thread
sceKernelRaiseException reaches a thread that waits in an alertable TimedWait wait through an APC. A thread blocked anywhere else, including all waits under APS5_COARSE_TIMED_WAITS and host waits inside the emulator, is redirected and runs the handler only when that wait returns
sceKernelRaiseException on Windows runs the handler wherever the target thread was interrupted. It waits only while the thread is inside winpthreads or restoring a context through NtContinue, and throws if that lasts 1 s, so a handler that calls into other host code the thread was interrupted in, such as the C runtime's heap or a lock of the emulator, can deadlock on it or reenter it
sigaltstack (libkernel) records each thread's alternate signal stack and reports it back, following FreeBSD's kern_sigaltstack (EINVAL for flags other than SS_DISABLE, ENOMEM below MINSIGSTKSZ 2048), but handlers never run on it, so SS_ONSTACK and EPERM are never reported
libSceUlt queues use preallocated host storage instead of the supplied guest work area; its existing size formula and the 512-byte object layouts remain unverified. Waiting-queue pool thread limits and waiter priority ordering are not implemented. Finalization wakes blocked queue callers with ULT_ERROR_STATE.
Thread cancellation (libkernel) follows FreeBSD libthr (states and types 0/1 and 0/2, PTHREAD_CANCELED 1, the _pthread_cleanup_info node layout), not measured on the console. A request is acted on only in scePthreadTestcancel, the condition variable, sem and scePthreadSem waits, scePthreadJoin and the sleeps, and their POSIX names; file and socket calls are not cancellation points. A sleep is not interrupted: the thread exits when it ends. The asynchronous type acts like the deferred one, except at the two set calls.
cpuset_setaffinity (libkernel) - only the calling thread or the calling process is handled. For the process, the mask is stored on every guest thread that is alive at that moment; FreeBSD gives the whole process one cpuset that later threads join, but here a thread created afterwards still starts with its attribute's mask. Bits outside sceKernelGetAvailableCpumask are dropped, and a mask with none of those bits fails with EDEADLK, as FreeBSD does when the new set has no CPU in common with the parent set
dup and dup2 (libkernel) throw for the combinations they do not model: dup2 between a guest socket and a host descriptor in either direction, and on Windows duplicating a directory descriptor. Guest sockets share one socket object between the duplicates and the descriptor numbers come from the guest socket counter, not the lowest free number as in FreeBSD kern_dup. The errno values for descriptor exhaustion are not verified against the console.
Cancellation coverage checks deferred request handling and recovery, not full asynchronous support or console ABI compatibility. Cancellation during file/socket I/O, sleep interruption, cancellation versus exit/detach, condition signal conservation under cancellation, and safe rejection of non-null invalid or reclaimed thread handles remain unverified. No console title or homebrew establishes the cleanup NIDs or buffer layout. Accepted asynchronous mode currently has no diagnostic for its deferred behavior.
MIMG tfe and lwe never write the status VGPR after the data. On hardware it is written only when a texel fetch hits an unmapped page of a partially resident texture, or, for lwe on sample/gather, when the LOD is below the T# MIN_LOD_WARN; texture memory is always resident here, the LOD warning (texture-streaming feedback, like the T# MIN_LOD_WARN itself) is never reported, and lwe on image_get_lod throws.
Packed horizontal gathers (image_gather4h_pck, MIMG opcode 98): the four window texels are read raw and concatenated into a little-endian bitstream, with DMASK bit i writing stream word i to the next destination register; measured on RDNA2 (gfx1031) at every edge: the anchor is floor(x-0.5) with elements at -1, 0, +1 and +2 clamped horizontally into the width, the row is floor(y), negative rows clamp to row 0, rows at or past the height return zeros, sampler addressing modes do not affect the window, and formats wider than 32 bits per texel write zeros in every register. The emitter fetches each window texel at LOD 0 and packs its bits like image_load_pck, so the sampler's filter, addressing and LOD state are not used; formats whose bits are not recoverable from the view and D16 data throw. The anchor and row multiply the normalized coordinate by the image size without contraction. The stream rule was measured for R8_UNORM, RG8_UNORM and RGBA8; only RGBA8 has an execution test. image_gather8h_pck (opcode 99) never returns texel data on this hardware - across dmasks 0x1 to 0xFF including the upper nibble, RGBA8, RGBA16 and RGBA32 formats, 1D, 2D and 3D descriptors and normalized and unnormalized sampling it only zero-fills popcount(dmask) registers (sentinel-prefilled destinations) - so it decodes but throws at translation; its eight-texel semantics remain unmeasured.
waitpid (libkernel) returns -1 with ECHILD (EINVAL for unknown options): nothing here creates a child process; child processes would need a real waitpid.
execvp (libkernel) throws: replacing the process image is not supported. PPSA85300 imports it and fails to load without it; its fork and vfork fail with ENOSYS (libc_missing.c), so the child process that would call it is never created.
fork (libkernel_sys) throws: creating a child process is not supported. PPSA19111 imports it and fails to load without it. Its engine calls fork in Posix_Daemonize, only with -daemonize, and in Platform_ShellExecute before execvp("xdg-open"), which the main menu's Previews button reaches, so pressing Previews ends in this throw. setsid fails with EPERM, as FreeBSD's does for a process group leader, since the guest is taken to lead its own process group (see kill). umask keeps the guest's mask (initially 022, masked to 07777) and returns the previous one, but files are still created with the host process's mask
MIMG BY2/BY4 loads (image_load[_mip]_by2/by4, opcodes 0x42, 0x43, 0x4a and 0x4b) were measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) with the hardware oracle for 2D images with identity swizzle. They read N texels (BY2: 2, BY4: 4) from x & ~(N - 1) on row y, texel by texel and component by component within each texel, with each texel converted like image_load. Every register is zero when the mip level is past the last level, x + N - 1 is outside the level's width (unaligned x, unsigned), or y is outside its height. Data only comes back when the N texels fit in one dword: R8 and R16 (DMASK 0x3) or RG8 (0xf) for BY2, and R8 (0xf) for BY4. With 32-bit texels (R32, RG32, RG16, RGBA8) the hardware returns zeros. Other formats, masks, dimensions, swizzles, D16/A16 and indirect descriptors throw. The stores (0x52, 0x53, 0x5a and 0x5b) decode but throw at translation. Measured on hardware, they write from the unaligned x up to the end of its dword, which is not implemented.
2D stores to 1D storage images: an image_store with DIM 2D through a 1D T# writes texel x and ignores y, as measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) for y from 0 to 4 and 0xffffffff, single- and four-component formats and a 1x1 8_8_8_8_UNORM T#: the T# type decides the addressing, DIM only how many address VGPRs are read. Storage loads, atomics and image_store_mip through such a pair still throw
MIMG PCK2/PCK4 loads (image_load[_mip]_pck2/pck4, opcodes 0x70, 0x71, 0x73 and 0x74) were measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) with the hardware oracle for 2D images with identity swizzle. With data mask 0x1, they write one dword: the raw bits of the N texels (PCK2: 2, PCK4: 4) from x & ~(N - 1) on row y, concatenated (element k at bit k * texel bits) and zero-extended. The dword is zero when the mip level is past the last level, x + N - 1 is outside the level's width (unaligned x, unsigned), or y is outside its height. Data only comes back when N texels fit in 32 bits: R8, R16 or RG8 for PCK2, R8 for PCK4. Wider texels (R32, RG16, RGBA8) and masks other than 0x1 write zeros on hardware. Those masks throw at decode, and formats outside UNORM/UINT/SINT R8, R16 and RG8 throw. #1314's earlier measurement saw only zeros because it used masks 0x3 and 0xf. The stores (0x76, 0x77, 0x79 and 0x7a) decode but throw at translation. They are not measured, and opcode 0x76 on 32_32_32_32_FLOAT hung the GPU (#1314).
3D image accesses bound to a 2D or 2D-array T# follow CouchRiv's hardware oracle measurement on RDNA2 (gfx1036, #2023) and adriadam10's (gfx1035, #2140), not the PS5's gfx1013. On a 2D T#, image_sample_lz ignores r and reads the (u,v) texel, image_load and image_load_mip read the (x,y) texel when z is 0 and return zero otherwise, and image_get_resinfo returns (width, height, 1, levels). On a 2D-array T#, these accesses behave like dim 2D-array: r or z is the layer, and image_get_resinfo returns the layer count as its third component. Every other access of such an image, including samples with an LOD, bias, derivatives, offset or comparison, gathers, image_get_lod and stores, keeps throwing because it is not measured.
Unnormalized S# coordinates (libSceAgcDriver) - FORCE_UNNORMALIZED uses a Vulkan unnormalizedCoordinates sampler, so the S# LOD range, LOD bias and mip filter are not applied, which is exact only on a one-level view.
Unnormalized S#s are accepted only when direct and used only by explicit-LOD image_sample without comparison, derivatives or _a, on a single-level, single-layer 1D or 2D view of mip 0, even when the image is also sampled through a normalized S#.
An unnormalized S# (libSceAgcDriver) throws with unequal minification and magnification filters, anisotropy, TRUNC_COORD, MC_COORD_TRUNC or X/Y clamping other than last-texel or border.
Unnormalized texel offsets are added to the f32 coordinates: exact on RDNA2 (gfx1035), which applies the offset before the clamp (measured by adriadam10).
Image atomics on 32_SINT and 32_FLOAT surfaces act on the raw dword through an R32_UINT storage view; their float results are assumed to match those measured on 32_UINT surfaces. Other formats throw.
s_memtime on RADV with a GFX10.3 to GFX11.7 GPU (RDNA 2, RDNA 3, RDNA 3.5) reads the Vulkan device clock instead of the subgroup clock, which ACO reads from the 20-bit SHADER_CYCLES register there and which wraps every 2^20 cycles. The device clock is a monotonic 64-bit counter, but it counts the 100 MHz reference clock (the same one as s_memrealtime), not shader cycles, so s_memtime deltas are about 20 times smaller than on hardware. The families are matched by the name RADV reports (NarrowSubgroupClock); a family added to Mesa later reads the subgroup clock until it is listed. AMD's proprietary Windows driver also exposes a 20-bit subgroup clock on device 0x1114 (Radeon 860M, measured in #1615), device 0x744c (Radeon RX 7900 XT, measured in #1632), and device 0x747e (Radeon RX 7800 XT, measured in #1632); other AMD proprietary devices remain unverified.
s_memtime and s_memrealtime on llvmpipe read only the low 32 bits of the host's nanosecond clock at either scope: Mesa's emit_clock builds the high dword with a left shift by 32, so it is always 0 and both counters wrap every 2^32 ns (about 4.3 s). The shader clock test compares them modulo 2^32 there
ds_wrxchg2_rtn_b32, ds_wrxchg2st64_rtn_b32, ds_wrxchg2_rtn_b64 and ds_wrxchg2st64_rtn_b64 are translated as two separate 32-bit or 64-bit atomic swaps per invocation. RDNA2 hardware (measured on gfx1035) performs every lane's first exchange before any lane's second one, so when lanes of the same wave or of different waves overlap addresses, the result can differ from hardware. offset0 == offset1 throws, although on hardware it is two exchanges in order.
ds_condxchg32_rtn_b64 uses two 32-bit atomic conditional exchanges. RDNA2 (gfx1035) measurements confirmed aligned return values, conditional bit clearing and 16-bit offsets; out-of-range accesses return zero without modifying LDS. Misaligned accesses fault the wave on gfx1035; the recompiler does not model this fault. Radeon 780M (gfx1103, RDNA3) measurements confirmed aligned return values, conditional bit clearing, EXEC masking and operand overlap in wave32 and wave64; contended cases passed per-dword conservation checks. Contended lane ordering and gfx1013 remain unmeasured; pair-wide indivisibility is not assumed, and concurrent 64-bit LDS atomics use a separate lock. GDS throws. VGPR pairs extending beyond v255 throw; allocated-VGPR EXEC nullification is not emulated.
64-bit image atomics (image_atomic_* with a two-dword data mask) need VK_EXT_shader_image_atomic_int64 and act on 32_32 UINT, SINT and FLOAT surfaces through an R64_UINT storage view. 64-bit image_atomic_inc, image_atomic_dec and the float atomics throw, as does any other access in the same shader to an image it updates with 64-bit atomics.
8_SRGB and 8_8_SRGB loads on a device that cannot sample R8_SRGB or R8G8_SRGB return the sRGB EOTF rounded to nearest even at bf16 precision, as adriadam10 measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) in #866; the PS5's gfx1013 is not measured.
8_SRGB and 8_8_SRGB textures (libSceAgcDriver) that the device samples as R8_SRGB or R8G8_SRGB use its own decode, which need not match gfx1035: NVIDIA's R8_SRGB is one bf16 step off in 29 of 256 codes.
Samples and gathers of 8_SRGB and 8_8_SRGB textures throw on a device that cannot sample R8_SRGB or R8G8_SRGB.
Bindless image table entries of 8_SRGB and 8_8_SRGB textures read zeros, like converted formats, on a device that cannot sample R8_SRGB or R8G8_SRGB.
Shader MODE register access reads the initial rounding fields from GuestContext::floatMode; missing metadata retains the legacy round-to-nearest-even assumption. Immediate rounding writes are accepted only when they preserve that state. State-changing or SGPR-sourced MODE writes throw until runtime mode tracking and affected arithmetic are implemented. Non-rounding register reads still throw; s_setreg_b32 writes to other hardware registers are still ignored. Tests follow the public RDNA2/LLVM contract, not console measurements.
A flat SRT read through a null or unmapped pointer loaded from memory raises a BDA fault only if the program executes it, then stops or reads zero like a BDA read.
Repeated s_loads of one flat SRT dword through a null or unmapped pointer report one of their pcs, and an s_load whose inaccessible dwords are all unused, or only address repeated loads, reports no fault of its own.
A value read through a null or unmapped pointer still throws at record time if a branch condition, uniform fill or table base needs it, or if the pointer comes from user data and is not null, even if the console skips the read.
A V# or flat SRT word read through a null pointer taken from user data is zero and counts as a poisoned SRT read, so a dispatch that reads it is not cached. The console faults if the program executes the read; PPSA28416 branches around it with s_cbranch_execz. The fault is not modeled.
A V#, T# or S# loaded through a null or unmapped pointer read from memory is zero when the work is recorded, and the capture throws if no flat SRT slot records that read.
2D accesses through a 1D T# read the texel the 1D addressing selects and ignore the second coordinate, as simonbbby measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in #2237 for image_sample_lz and mip-less image_load with point filtering and wrap, clamp and border addressing; the PS5's gfx1013 is not measured. A plain image_sample (implicit LOD) through such a pair takes its LOD from the derivatives of the first coordinate alone, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) with the hardware oracle on the quads of a compute kernel (wave32 and wave64, IEEE off, DX10 clamp on, denormals preserved, round to nearest even): on a 16-texel, 5-mip 32_UINT T# with point filters it picks the same mip and texel as DIM 1D for first-coordinate steps of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 texels per lane along x or along y, whatever the second coordinate does (normalised steps up to 16 per lane), while the same rows on a 16x16 2D T# move the mip with the second coordinate. Outside the pixel stage a plain image_sample is emitted with LOD 0 for every image type, so this pair reads mip 0 there, where the kernel measurement shows the quad's derivatives being used. Other 2D accesses through a 1D T# (storage, depth, packed, BY loads, mips, explicit LOD, bias, offsets, derivatives, comparison) still throw.
Emulated comparison of a 2D-array access through a 2D T# samples the 2D image and ignores the slice, as the native modes of a 2D-array access through a 2D T# already do. This follows the T# type deciding the addressing; it is not measured on hardware for comparison samples
Scalar aperture base sources (core/shader/recompiler) - src_shared_base, src_shared_limit, src_private_base and src_private_limit (scalar source codes 235 to 238) are not modelled: decoding throws unsupported scalar source operand code with the code and the program counter, so a shader that reads one does not compile. Operand 235 (src_shared_base) was reported on #1182 from PPSA26344; the flat aperture routing does not read the base, so a shader that builds its own flat addresses from it stops at decode.
Flat aperture bases (core/shader/recompiler) - the layout follows the gfx9+ one in the AMD KFD driver's kfd_flat_memory.c (MAKE_LDS_APP_BASE_V9, MAKE_LDS_APP_LIMIT): each aperture is a 4 GB window whose base is the high dword, so a flat address is routed by its whole high dword, as measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035: src_shared_base 0x00010000_00000000, src_shared_limit 0x00010000_ffffffff). The PS5's base values, high dwords 0x80000000 (shared, SharedApertureHigh) and 0x70000000 (private, PrivateApertureHigh), are inferred from GTA V's traversal addresses, not measured on a console or read from SH_MEM_BASES
Flat accesses outside the aperture routing (core/shader/recompiler) - only compute stages route flat accesses, so graphics-stage flat accesses to the shared or private aperture still go to BDA. In compute, a 64-bit flat atomic whose address is in the shared aperture takes the workgroup lock (ldsLock) for its two-dword update, and every such atomic requests that lock, so a shader with one pays for it even on global addresses (the path is exercised by agc_driver_global_atomics_float). Inferred, not measured on LDS or scratch: an aperture access that is not inside one dword is done byte by byte, an unaligned aperture atomic records the BDA unaligned fault, and LDS or scratch accesses past their end are dropped or read zero.
On a host subgroup narrower than 32 lanes, threadBit reads an EXEC written as a value (s_mov_b32/s_mov_b64) at bit (subgroup invocation id) of EXEC_LO, so lanes at or above the subgroup size read a lower lane's bit.
EXEC read as a value (s_mov_b64 sN, exec, the s_*_saveexec copy, ALU sources) holds only lanes with a host invocation; the console's also holds the wave's other lanes, e.g. 32-63 of a wave64 on 32 host lanes.
v_readlane_b32 and fetch-inactive v_permlane16_b32/v_permlanex16_b32 read undefined data from a lane that the host subgroup does not hold or whose host invocation is inactive; the console reads the lane's VGPR.
Without fetch-inactive, v_permlane16_b32 and v_permlanex16_b32 take a source lane that the host subgroup does not hold as inactive and keep the old value (0 with bound_ctrl); the console reads that lane's VGPR.
On a host subgroup narrower than the wave, v_readlane_b32 of a constant lane outside it builds only as lane 63 of a half-wave scan (DPP row_shr 1/2/4/8, v_permlanex16_b32, EXEC -1); other such reads throw.
NGG mesh entry uses the guest wave size (32 or 64) for wave indices, per-wave vertex and primitive counts, and the workgroup wave count in s3. The four-bit wave fields follow Mesa's get_wave_id_in_tg, get_tgsize and get_thread_id_in_tg; partial waves and groups exceeding 15 waves throw. Indexed and non-indexed wave32 mesh rendering with 32, 64 and 128 threads was checked by pixel readback on Windows with an NVIDIA RTX 4070 Laptop GPU. The guest register values have not been compared with console hardware.
Shader recompilation currently occurs right before it was transferred to Vulkan with caching, but should be moved to the relinker stage. For this purpose, shader/recompiler was written completely independently from libs/prx.
v_interp_p1ll_f16, v_interp_p1lv_f16 and v_interp_p2_f16 read the 16-bit halves of each vertex's parameter through VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric and throw without it, as fixed-function interpolation cannot split a 32-bit attribute. P10 and P20 are the vertex differences rounded to f16 to nearest even, which is not confirmed on hardware. v_interp_p1ll_f16 and v_interp_p1lv_f16 round the exact P10 * I + P0 once to f32 and v_interp_p2_f16 rounds the exact P20 * J + S2 once to f16, as measured on RDNA2 (#697); the exact sums are computed in f64, so these instructions need the Float64 capability. They follow the shader's float mode, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) in all eight combinations of IEEE_MODE and kept/flushed f32 and f16 denormals over 768 special and 1,024 random rows. With IEEE=1 a NaN operand is returned quieted; with IEEE=0 it is returned unquieted, except that v_interp_p2_f16's f16 result is always quiet. Flushed f32 denormals flush I/J, v_interp_p2_f16's f32 S2 and the f32 result; flushed f16 denormals flush P0, P10/P20, v_interp_p1lv_f16's f16 S2 and the f16 result. Denormal modes 1 and 2 (flush only inputs or only outputs) and rounding other than to nearest even are not measured and throw. An unknown mode follows IEEE=0 with denormals kept. Lavapipe has no barycentrics, so the draw test is skipped in CI; agc_driver_interpolation_modes checks the arithmetic in every mode against the hardware rows on any device with Float64.
Without VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric, a pixel shader whose I/J VGPRs only feed v_interp_p1_f32/v_interp_p2_f32 of their own pair reads the attribute Vulkan interpolated. Any other read of them or of a raw vertex parameter takes the weights and the three vertex values from a generated geometry stage, which needs geometryShader and a vertex shader before it: tessellation, mesh and rect-list pipelines, primitives other than triangles, more than 32 fragment input locations and interfaces beyond the device's geometry limits throw.
v_fma_f64 and v_div_fmas_f64 with a subnormal operand or result round once, as IEEE 754 fusedMultiplyAdd does with f64 denormals kept, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1, v_div_fmas_f64 with VCC clear and set. The f16/f64 denormal field of FLOAT_MODE (bits 7:6) is not read: when it flushes, the hardware flushes the operands and the result of v_fma_f64 (tininess before rounding) and only the result of v_div_fmas_f64, while these keep them. Shaders with f64 instructions declare DenormPreserve for 64-bit floats only when shaderDenormPreserveFloat64 is true and Vulkan reports denormBehaviorIndependence as ALL; other independence modes are not handled by the current backend because they require coupled execution modes. See VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence. Elsewhere (including lavapipe), the driver may flush f64 subnormals, and agc_driver_f64_fma_subnormals is skipped.
SINT storage images of 8- and 16-bit components saturate each stored 32-bit value to the component range, as adriadam10 measured for image stores on RDNA2 (gfx1035) in #944 (448 rows match); the PS5's gfx1013 is not measured.
StoreTexel writes channel 1 of a two-channel format from the data slot whose DST_SEL is Y, for SINT and UINT alike. With DST_SEL X,Y,Z,W, gfx1035 writes it from the W slot, as adriadam10 measured in #944.
WAIT_REG_MEM reports a diagnostic after APS5_GPU_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS without treating the timeout as completion. An unsatisfied wait keeps polling and checking driver failures; a missing producer can therefore leave its queue waiting indefinitely. Existing recorded-label shortcuts remain in use.
COND_EXEC reads its condition after the earlier packets of its queue complete. Without PFP_SYNC_ME the console's graphics PFP reads it ahead of the ME, so a title that races the read sees a later value here.
A flip inside a COND_EXEC range throws: the flip is reserved with the video output when the buffer is submitted, and how the console withdraws a skipped one is unknown.
A COND_EXEC range must hold whole packets and end inside its command buffer. A chained INDIRECT_BUFFER or a REWIND inside a range throws, as what the CP does with the skipped dwords then is unknown.
A COND_INDIRECT_BUFFER (sceAgcCbBranch) runs only with the always-pass compare function; a comparison or a predicated packet throws. Modes 1 and 2 run the first buffer, assumed to be the if-then and if-then-else modes of AMD's PM4 packet. sceAgcCbBranch does not check the compare address of an always-pass branch or the address of an empty buffer, as PPSA14632 passes an uninitialised compare address and a null else buffer of 0 dwords.
A label or store (RELEASE_MEM, WRITE_DATA, DMA_DATA) into guest memory the device has no host import of waits for all recorded work and is then written by the CPU, so the queue worker stalls once per such label. The console's CP stores it in stream order without that stall.
SET_*_REG_INDIRECT (libSceAgcDriver) reads its register list when the command buffer is submitted, with the packets. The console's graphics PFP reads it when it reaches the packet, so a list written after the submission (by the CPU, or by GPU work ahead of the packet behind PFP_SYNC_ME) is read here before that write.
The shader float mode (FLOAT_MODE, DX10_CLAMP, IEEE_MODE and FP16_OVFL of COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1 and SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC1_PS/GS/HS, bit positions from Mesa's gfx10.json and gfx103.json) is decoded into GuestContext::floatMode and is part of the shader cache keys and the serialized request (#981). IEEE_MODE is read by v_min_f32, v_max_f32, v_min3_f32, v_max3_f32 and v_med3_f32, their f16 forms, v_min_f64 and v_max_f64, IEEE_MODE and the FLOAT_MODE output denormal bits by the output modifier, DX10_CLAMP by the clamp modifier, FP16_OVFL by every instruction with an f16 result (see its entry), and the whole mode by the 16-bit interpolation instructions (see their entries). With IEEE=1 a signaling NaN operand returns that NaN quieted (the first operand checked first, min3/max3 as two nested pairs, med3 as min3 when any operand is NaN), measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) over every combination of ±0, ±1, ±inf, denormals, quiet and signaling NaNs with f32 denormals kept and flushed. IEEE=0 and unknown modes keep the previous f32 lowering, which matches IEEE=0. The f16 forms choose their NaN results on the bits: a NaN operand returns the other operand unchanged (src0 when both are NaN), and with IEEE=1 a signaling NaN operand returns that NaN quieted, in the same order as f32. v_min_f64 and v_max_f64 quiet a signaling NaN operand the same way with IEEE=1; with IEEE=0 they return src0 unchanged when src1 is NaN, otherwise src1 when src0 is NaN. Both were measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1 with f32 denormals kept and flushed and f16/f64 denormals kept; RDNA2 has no f64 min3, max3 or med3. Unknown modes follow IEEE=0. v_min_f16 and v_max_f16 flush each denormal input to its signed zero when bit 0 of the f16/f64 denormal field is clear (0 and 2); fields 1 and 3 preserve inputs, even when output flushing is enabled. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1, including signed zeros, NaNs and neg/abs modifiers. Unknown modes keep f16 denormals. With f16/f64 denormals flushed the hardware also flushes denormal inputs of f64 min/max, which those lowerings still do not. NaN quieting in f16 arithmetic (the unary instructions and the f32 arithmetic follow it, see below) and FLOAT_MODE (f32 denormals flushed before the min/max compare in Astro's Playroom's 0xc0) still follow a single mode, as the entries below record. The mode comes from the registered shader header's sh_registers, the same source at registration and at draw/dispatch so the prepared artifact keys match. A title that rewrites RSRC1 at run time, or a raw compute program with no header, compiles with that mode or none.
v_ldexp_f16 follows the FLOAT_MODE f16 denormal field: bit 0 preserves the half input and bit 1 the half result. Otherwise a denormal input is flushed to its signed zero, and a result whose exact scaled value is below the minimum normal (2^-14) is flushed to its signed zero before rounding, so v_ldexp_f16 0x07ff, -1 gives +0 instead of 0x0400. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) with round to nearest, IEEE 0 and 1 and denorm16 0..3, over every half magnitude 0x0000..0x0fff of both signs scaled by 2^-1 and 2^0 (16384 rows per mode): no mismatch. NaN and infinity handling and destination high-half preservation are unchanged. Shaders without a known float mode keep the previous lowering.
A WAIT_REG_MEM (libSceAgcDriver) that a compute queue passes on another queue's recorded label store, before the GPU has executed it, is landed before the queue's next dispatch, draw, COND_EXEC or predicated packet reads guest memory: the worker polls until memory satisfies the wait or no unfinished batch writes the label. The graphics queue (queue 0) is exempt, as landing its waits costs PPSA01341 about a quarter of its frame rate; a title that fills memory a graphics command buffer reads after it submits the buffer behind such a wait reads it early there. APS5_LAND_WAITS_ALL_QUEUES=1 lands the graphics queue's waits too.
The dispatches that follow a compute queue's wait (libSceAgcDriver), up to the next wait that memory does not satisfy, a packet that writes guest memory other than a label, or a conditional packet, are resolved (memory captured, shader recompiled) when the wait passes, as the CP reads them right after it; the graphics queue is exempt (APS5_GROUP_CAPTURE_ALL_QUEUES=1 includes it). The device still reads guest memory when the dispatch is issued; when that memory no longer matches the capture, the dispatch is resolved again from current memory.
v_mullit_f32 follows the hardware measured with the MODE register at IEEE=1 and denormals kept (a signaling NaN src0 is quieted only with IEEE=1, as measured at IEEE=0 too; a positive denormal src2 counts as positive); with f32 denormals flushed it follows the f32 denormals entry below, and denormal modes 1 and 2 throw.
v_mad_legacy_f32 and v_mac_legacy_f32 (VOP3 0x140, VOP2 0x06) round the product to f32 before the add, give a +0 product for a zero factor, and flush their f32 denormal sources, their product and their result to a zero of the same sign in every f32 denormal mode, an exception to the FLOAT_MODE model in f32DenormalFlushFor. Measured on gfx1010 (RX 5700 XT) with tools/hw-oracle/template.s, assembled by the AMD Windows driver's amd_comgr_2.dll and launched through its amdhip64_6.dll instead of oracle.c and ROCr, over the 32 rows of the five FmaLegacy.cpp and the four MacLegacy.cpp encodings: identical in wave32 and wave64 at IEEE 0 and 1 with f32 denormal modes 0 to 3, except that the two signaling NaN rows are quieted only with IEEE=1 (#1281, #1290). A sum of two zeros takes its sign on the bits (+0 unless both are -0), as lavapipe returned -0 for +0 + -0. The PS5's gfx1013 is not measured; LLVM decodes the encoding as v_mad_legacy_f32 there, as on gfx1010. RDNA2 differs: on gfx1031 (RX 6700 XT, measured by pandather in #1281) the encoding is v_fma_legacy_f32 and fused, with the same zero rule and denormal-source flush, so an RDNA2 measurement is not evidence for the console.
v_fma_mixlo_f16 and v_fma_mixhi_f16 round the exact product-sum once to f16 with the f64 arithmetic of v_interp_p2_f16, so they need the Float64 capability. On RDNA2 (gfx1036) they follow the FLOAT_MODE f16 round and denormal fields, not the f32 round field: -1.5 * 2^-24 + 2^-126 from f32 sources (0xbfc00000, 0x33800000, 0x00800000) gives 0x8001 with f16 denormals kept and round to nearest even, 0x8000 with f16 denormals flushed and 0x8002 with f16 round toward -infinity. Only f16 denormals kept with round to nearest even is translated; another f16 mode throws, as for packed f16. FP16_OVFL set is not measured.
Signaling NaN inputs of the f32 and f16 unary instructions (v_sqrt/rcp/rsq/log/exp/sin/cos/fract/floor/ceil/trunc/rndne/rcp_iflag/frexp_mant), v_ldexp_f32/f16, v_frexp_mant_f16, v_div_fixup_f32/f16 and v_mullit_f32 are returned quieted only with IEEE=1 and unchanged with IEEE=0, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) in both modes, and so are those of the f64 forms (v_sqrt/rcp/rsq/fract/floor/ceil/trunc/rndne/frexp_mant/ldexp/div_fixup_f64) and v_cvt_f64_f32, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in both modes; shaders without a known float mode follow IEEE=0. v_pack_b32_f16 quiets each signaling NaN half by the same rule, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in both modes. A signaling NaN result of v_cubesc/cubetc/cubema_f32 is quieted by the same rule and keeps the sign the instruction gives it, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in both modes. v_add/sub/subrev/mul/fma/fmac/fmamk/fmaak/mul_legacy_f32 and v_fma_mix_f32 with f32 sources choose their NaN result on the bits, measured over 1000 operand triples in both modes: the first NaN source in operand order after its modifiers (the subtrahend negated, as the hardware adds its negation), quieted only with IEEE=1, or the default NaN 0xffc00000 for an invalid operation; in the fma forms an invalid product (inf * 0) gives the default NaN even when src2 is a NaN, and in the legacy forms a zero factor makes the product 0 even when the other factor is a NaN (a NaN src2 still wins). v_mad_legacy_f32 and v_mac_legacy_f32 follow the same rule with their separately rounded product, as measured on gfx1010 (#1281, #1290): a NaN source quieted only with IEEE=1, inf - inf giving 0xffc00000, the zero rule hiding a NaN factor and a NaN src2 winning. The f16 and f64 arithmetic, v_fma_mix_f32 with f16 sources and the separately rounded mad/mac forms (not measurable on RDNA2) follow the same rule on hardware but their NaN bits are left to the driver. v_cvt_f16_f32, v_cvt_f32_f64, v_dot2_f32_f16, v_fma_mixlo_f16 and v_fma_mixhi_f16 always quiet and v_div_scale_f32 never does: the f32 signaling NaN 0x7f812345 as src0 or src2 gives 0x7e09 from mixlo and mixhi at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1 on RDNA2 (gfx1036), where v_fma_mix_f32 gives 0x7f812345 at IEEE=0 and 0x7fc12345 at IEEE=1. The payload of an f16 NaN source of mixlo and mixhi is left to the driver's f16 to f32 conversion, which NVIDIA replaces.
Scalar f16 add, sub, subrev and mul denormals follow the FLOAT_MODE f16 denormal field at nearest-even: bit 0 preserves inputs and bit 1 preserves the result; otherwise a denormal is flushed to its signed zero. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) with IEEE=0/1 and FP16_OVFL=0/1, over 32 operand pairs in all four denormal modes, including signed zeros, denormals, minimum normals, infinities and NaNs. Multiply detects tininess after rounding to 11 significant bits with an unbounded exponent, before gradual half packing: 0x3bff * 0x0400 flushes, while 0x3c01 * 0x03ff rounds to 0x0400 and is kept. Directed rounding and ternary arithmetic keep their previous denormal lowering. Shaders without a known float mode keep the previous lowering. Scalar v_sub_f16/v_subrev_f16 share float16Binary with add/mul and were measured on gfx1036 over the same operand set as add (1156 non-NaN-input rows per mode); NaN result bits still depend on the driver as recorded above.
Packed f16 NaN results (v_pk_add/mul/fma/min/max_f16) follow the hardware measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1 with f16 round-to-nearest-even and f16 denormals kept: with IEEE=1 a signaling NaN input is quieted and min/max return the other operand only for a quiet NaN; with IEEE=0 NaN inputs pass through unquieted and min/max ignore signaling. In v_pk_fma_f16 an invalid product (inf * 0) gives the default NaN even when src2 is a NaN. A shader without a known float mode is translated as IEEE=0, the mode titles use; a mode with another f16 rounding or that flushes f16 denormals throws.
f32 denormals follow the shader's FLOAT_MODE f32 denormal field (bits 5:4) when it flushes them (0, and shaders without a known float mode, as in the 0xc0 most titles use), measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) over 1444 rows per instruction at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1. v_add/sub/subrev/mul/mul_legacy/mullit/fma/fmac/fmamk/fmaak/min/max/min3/max3/med3/fract/floor/ceil/frexp_mant/sin/cos_f32 flush their f32 inputs and their result to a zero of the same sign (v_mullit_f32 measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over 6907 rows per mode at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1, so a positive denormal src2 counts as zero); the f32 compares, v_cvt_i32/u32/rpi_i32/flr_i32_f32, v_frexp_exp_i32_f32, v_cvt_f64_f32, v_cvt_f16_f32, v_cvt_pkrtz_f16_f32, v_cvt_pknorm_i16/u16_f32 and v_cvt_pk_u8_f32 flush their f32 inputs. v_div_scale_f32 flushes all three inputs to signed zeros, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over 2744 operand triples per mode at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1 with f32 denormals flushed and kept; its scale-down behaviour and host denormal preservation remain incomplete. v_div_fixup_f32 flushes its src1 and src2 and keeps a denormal src0 and result, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over 6859 rows per mode at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1. Tininess is detected after rounding, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) for v_mul_f32 and v_mullit_f32 at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1: a product is flushed when its value rounded to 24 bits with an unbounded exponent is below 2^-126, so 0x3f7ffffe * 0x00800001 (2^-126 * (1 - 2^-46)) gives 0x00800000 and 0x3f7fffff * 0x00800000 (2^-126 * (1 - 2^-24)) gives zero. The check rounds in the f32 round mode of FLOAT_MODE (bits 1:0), measured in all four modes, while the products themselves are still rounded to nearest even. This applies to v_mul_f32, v_mul_legacy_f32, v_mullit_f32, and to v_fma_f32, v_fmac_f32, v_fmamk_f32, v_fmaak_f32 and v_fma_mix_f32 when the addend is zero; with a nonzero addend the fused result is kept, so an exact result just below 2^-126 that rounds to it is not flushed. In the three directed modes the check is computed exactly from the significands. To nearest even (0, the mode of shaders without a known float mode) one factor is multiplied by 2^64, which is exact below 2^64, and the product with the other factor is compared with 2^-62. That multiply is a plain OpFMul like the product, and no f32 rounding mode is requested in the SPIR-V, so the check relies on the driver rounding f32 to nearest even by default, as the products do, and a product that rounds up to 2^-126 is the emitted product. v_fma_mix_f32 follows this rule with mixed f16/f32 sources too, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) with f16 in either multiplicand slot, low and high half selection, and an f32 or f16 zero addend: f32 0x00801002 times f16 0x3bff gives 0x00800000 to nearest at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1, while the neighbours 0x00801001 and 0x00801003 give zero and 0x00800001. The tiny-product boundary was also measured for both signs in all four f32 round modes at IEEE=0; f16 inputs retain their previous conversion and denormal handling. v_fma_mixlo_f16 and v_fma_mixhi_f16 flush their f32 sources too and keep a product below 2^-126, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036). v_mad_legacy_f32 and v_mac_legacy_f32 flush their inputs, their product and their result in every mode, see its entry; their product is still checked for tininess on its exact value, so one below 2^-126 gives zero even when it rounds to 2^-126, as the console's separately rounded encoding is not measured at this boundary. Denormal modes 1 and 2 throw for the other instructions. Not covered, and not measurable on RDNA2 (no such opcodes) or not measured: v_mac_f32, v_mad_f32, v_madak_f32 and v_madmk_f32 (rounded separately), v_dot2_f32_f16 and v_div_fmas_f32 (on hardware v_div_fmas_f32 flushes only its result), f32 interpolation and ds_add_f32 keep the previous lowering; ds_min/max/cmpst_f32 flush both operands by the field, see the LDS float atomics entry. With f32 denormals kept (3) the results depend on the driver's default denormal behaviour, as no DenormPreserve execution mode is requested; v_ldexp_f32 is the exception: it preserves subnormal inputs and rounds a subnormal result in the f32 round mode of FLOAT_MODE, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over 2163 rows in each of the four round modes at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1. An overflow rounds like any other result (infinity, or the largest finite value when the mode rounds that sign toward zero). With f32 denormals flushed it flushes a subnormal input and result, measured over the same rows in each round mode at IEEE=0 only.
The executable file that relinker generates opens the console when launched, which is inconvenient for playability.
Overlay output bus (libSceVideoOut) - flips on a port opened with SCE_VIDEO_OUT_BUS_TYPE_OVERLAY complete and signal their events like main-bus flips, but their buffers are not shown: the overlay is not composited over the main output. Presenting them as whole frames made the window alternate between the two buses
PA_CL_CLIP_CNTL (libSceAgcDriver) - DX_LINEAR_ATTR_CLIP_ENA (bit 24) clear is drawn like bit 24 set, with Vulkan's clipping of NoPerspective outputs; what a clear bit changes on the console is undocumented.
10_11_11 unorm color targets (libSceAgcDriver) render into R32_UINT attachments: the pixel shader packs each export, rounded to nearest even like format-30 image stores, which is assumed to match the CB's conversion.
PA_SU_SC_MODE_CNTL.PROVOKING_VTX_LAST (libSceAgcDriver) uses Vulkan's last-vertex mode for native primitives. Bit 19 follows opengnm's flatshade_first mapping; vertex selection follows Vulkan, without console measurements. Last mode throws without VK_EXT_provoking_vertex, for generated rectangle, mesh or tessellation primitives, explicit per-vertex flat inputs, and triangle strips with per-vertex inputs, whose ordering depends on the device.
v_rcp, v_rsq, v_sqrt, v_log, v_exp, v_sin and v_cos (f32 and f16) use the driver's approximation for finite results, not the console's: the low bits can differ. Only NaN, invalid, zero and infinite results and the exact sin/cos zeros are chosen on the bits. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over every f16 input and 32,832 f32 inputs: RADV returns the hardware's bits for every input of rcp, rsq, sqrt and log and all but one of exp (f16 0x11c5, 1 ULP); NVIDIA (615.71.09) stays within 2 ULP except v_log_f32 near 1.0 (next entry). v_sin and v_cos take the driver's sine or cosine of the radians of the exact cycle, except within 2^-12 of a turn from a zero of the function, where the result is the linear term of the exact distance to the zero: the hardware's constant 6.2831826 (0x40c90fd5) at the integers, which the hardware applies exactly to inputs below 2^-12 of a turn, and the f32 2π at the half and quarter turns, where the hardware is within 7 ULP of it. RADV returns the hardware's bits for every f16 input and for 32,422 sine and 32,486 cosine results of the 32,832 f32 inputs; the rest are 1 ULP off, except up to 14 ULP on either side of non-zero integers and up to 15 ULP beyond ±256 cycles, where the hardware's own reduction differs from the exact fraction, and up to 6 ULP inside the half- and quarter-turn bands. NVIDIA's sine is within 1 ULP on 93% of the f32 inputs and up to 1,166 ULP off just outside the bands, its cosine within 163 ULP. A denormal f32 input with f32 denormals kept gives the hardware the input times 6.2831826; both hosts flush it.
v_log_f32 and v_log_f16 keep the driver's log2 unless, for inputs within 1/8 of 1.0, it is more than 4 ULP from an eight-term series in x - 1, which then replaces it. v_log_f16 goes through the same f32 lowering and is rounded to half. The series is evaluated for every v_log and chosen with OpSelect rather than a branch, so its seven fused multiply-adds and two multiplies are an unconditional cost. Measured on RDNA2 over all 3,145,728 f32 inputs within 1/8 of 1.0 (gfx1035, IEEE 0, f32 denormals flushed), the hardware is within 1 ULP of the correctly rounded log2 and the series within 2 ULP of it and within 3 ULP of the hardware (2 except at 0x3f752e47, 0x3f7baab0 and 0x3f7bc4fb), so a kept driver value is within 7 ULP of the hardware and a driver that returns the hardware's bits never triggers the gate; RADV (Mesa 26.2.4) returns the hardware's bits on the 9,280 such inputs measured on gfx1036; NVIDIA (615.71.09) was up to 23,947,836 ULP off at 1 - 2^-24 and is within 6 ULP inside the band after the change; outside it its own log2 stays up to 9 ULP off (measured up to 1.375). Over every f16 input, the change moves one v_log_f16 result on NVIDIA (0x3bed, 1 ULP, onto the hardware's bits) and none on RADV.
Dual-source blending (libSceAgcDriver) takes the MRT1 export as the second source of the MRT0 blend, as RADV and radeonsi program it; what the CB does with other export or target layouts is unknown, so they throw.
--to-intel does not lower RDPRU/MCOMMIT; the matcher fails the relink instead.
Ordered not-equal compares (shader recompiler) - FPOrdNotEqual32 is emitted as OpFUnordNotEqual with both operands checked for NaN on their bits instead of OpFOrdNotEqual; the two agree for every input. The AMD Windows driver 32.0.13058.8001 (Radeon 860M, RDNA 3.5) returns 1 for a NaN operand when any float form of the compare feeds a ballot on a 32-wide subgroup (#825)
sce::Job::JobManager (libSceJobManager) is written from the disassembly of the copies PPSA01474 and PPSA36082 ship in sce_module, and guest_job_manager_tests passes against both of those modules as well: the memory size formula, the error codes, sync point ordering, the per-sequence limits and the priority order are the original's. Only CPU sequences exist: initialize and calculateRequiredMemorySize with compute sequences, and both compute dispatches, are not implemented, and createCompute and destroyCompute return the errors the original returns when no compute sequence was configured. The manager's state lives on the host heap, with only the block header written to the title's memory; the original keeps everything in that block, and a block smaller than 0x2d8 bytes throws here. The worker sleep policy, the spin count and the persistent thread count are validated and stored but change nothing, a factory priority above 1 throws, shutdown throws while a thread is blocked in a sequence wait, and using a sequence after its destroy throws. initialize returns 0 where the original returns the result of its last import (BG26hBGiNlw, not resolved to a name), the sceRazorCpuJobManager* profiler calls are not made, and a worker thread that cannot be created or configured throws where the original does not check. The order of the sequence and factory virtual functions is read from the modules' vtables only, since no title that calls them has been run
The length-changing path of the instruction rewriter is not used by the converter: it does not adjust data-to-code references (relocations, FDEs, jump tables) or segment sizes, so every substitution keeps the instruction length.
In executables with a PT_SCE_DYNLIBDATA segment, the PS4 layout, the executable segment also holds read-only data after the code (CUSA00900: 37 MiB after its last function). The relinker pipeline therefore scans for syscalls and import call sites only up to the end of the PLT that follows the last function of the unwind table; code after the PLT without an unwind entry is not scanned. --to-intel and the unused-filter=1 and unused-filter=2 analyses are not limited this way.
DB_SHADER_CONTROL.CONSERVATIVE_Z_EXPORT (libSceAgcDriver) becomes DepthLess/DepthGreater. For a pixel shader that breaks the promise, the host driver decides whether its interpolated Z is depth-tested before shading; what the console does then was not measured.
DB_SHADER_CONTROL.PRIMITIVE_ORDERED_PIXEL_SHADER (shader recompiler) - the host pixel interlock spans the whole shader, not only up to s_sendmsg ORDERED_PS_DONE.
POPS collision SGPRs (shader recompiler) - the collision wave ID and intrawave collision mask read 0, so a title skips its POPS wait and runs its per-collision loop once.
Image loads (shader recompiler) - an image_load reads a sampled binding, also of an image the shader stores to, so in a primitive-ordered pixel shader it misses an earlier overlapping primitive's image_store in the same draw.
PA_SC_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_CNTL (libSceAgcDriver) - 0x6001 uses Vulkan overestimation on devices that add at most 1/256 pixel and keep degenerate triangles; the console's uncertainty region and degenerate handling are unmeasured. A value with OVER_RAST_ENABLE and UNDER_RAST_ENABLE clear is decoded as disabled even when UNCERTAINTY_REGION_MODE or the OUTER_/INNER_UNCERTAINTY_EDGERULE_OVERRIDE bits (19:16) are set, as PPSA01474 writes 0xe6000; that these fields have no effect without over- or underestimation is assumed from their names, not measured.
The Linux placement of the --to-intel stubs in the ELF patcher is covered only by a synthetic test.
The libc SSE4a trap emulation on Windows is superseded by --to-intel and remains only until the relinked title has been verified without it.
getifaddrs (libc) lists the host's IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in FreeBSD's ifaddrs and sockaddr layouts. FreeBSD's per-interface AF_LINK entries (MAC, index, MTU) and their if_data are not produced, so interfaces without an address are omitted. Names are the host's (Linux lo, eth0; Windows NDIS names such as ethernet_32769, or if<index> when one does not fit 15 bytes), not the console's. A Linux point-to-point address without a peer loses IFF_POINTOPOINT, and an IPv4 broadcast address the host omits is computed from the netmask. On Windows the flags are only IFF_UP, IFF_RUNNING, IFF_LOOPBACK, IFF_BROADCAST and IFF_MULTICAST, derived from the adapter: PPP and tunnel adapters get neither IFF_BROADCAST nor IFF_POINTOPOINT because their peer address is not reported, and an address whose prefix length the host reports as unspecified gets a host mask.
gethostname (libc) reports the fixed guest name AnyPS5 without querying the host machine name. Buffer copying, null queries and ENAMETOOLONG follow FreeBSD gethostname; the console's configurable hostname and its integration with sysctl and name resolution are unverified and not implemented.
Descriptor pool chain (libSceAgcDriver) - each pool holds two storage buffer descriptors more than a set can take, as a workaround: RADV (Mesa 26.0 and later) lets a FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET pool place a set up to 32 bytes past the pool's buffer (util_vma_heap_init is given bo_size + RADV_POOL_HEAP_OFFSET as a size), and with a page-multiple pool size those bytes are an unmapped page
CMASK fast clears (libSceAgcDriver) - each fast-cleared CMASK tile (code 0) is stored as CB_COLOR_CLEAR_WORD into its 8x8 texels at the first draw into the target or at its fast-clear eliminate or DCC decompress pass, not as the color block writes the tile, and the CMASK is then stored as expanded (0xF): a texture or copy read of the target after that draw and before the title's eliminate sees the clear value in tiles no draw wrote, where the console keeps their previous bytes. Tile addresses follow the pipe-aligned SW_64KB_Z_X CMASK equation for 16 pipes; other CMASK swizzle modes, codes other than 0 and 0xF, a cleared tile of a DCC target and a fast clear of a mipmapped, 3D or array color target throw. When the clear runs as a compute pass (a resident target whose CMASK is host-imported), an invalid code throws at the next fast-clear materialization, not at the one that read it
HTILE depth fast clears (libSceAgcDriver) - HTILE is not modeled. Only RADV's clear_htile_mask compute kernel (17 GFX10 words, 64x1x1 groups) is recognized, and only when it leaves ZMASK at 0 (user[4] and user[5] low nibbles both 0); the dispatch still runs, and the host depth image is cleared to DB_DEPTH_CLEAR the next time the surface with that DB_HTILE_DATA_BASE address is bound. The address match is exact, so a clear of a different HTILE range does not hit. HTILE initialization, the stencil-only update, and fast clears made by the SDK's own paths, CP DMA fills or other kernels are not covered and leave the depth image as it was. The kernel words are the ones the PR author saw RADV submit; they are not compared with Mesa's source.
Host imports (libSceAgcDriver) on Linux skip ranges that are not mapped read-write, which are copied instead. The NVIDIA driver (595.91.07) refuses VK_EXT_external_memory_host imports of read-only or executable mappings (and shared mappings of regular files) with VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY, after which every vkAllocateMemory on the device fails the same way. Read-only ranges are never imported, even on drivers that accept them. Shared mappings of regular files are not checked for. On Windows, a run of adjacent registered ranges whose shared views are not one contiguous run of views of a section gets no read-write alias, so its ranges are imported one at a time, as before runs were imported whole, and a buffer that crosses two of them is copied.
Cube texture descriptors with equal BASE_ARRAY and DEPTH expose six faces starting at BASE_ARRAY. Measured with image_load, image_sample and image_get_resinfo on RX 6600 (gfx1032), using 64x64 R32_UINT faces and base slices 0, 5 and 6. Other ranges containing fewer than six faces or incomplete cube arrays still throw: hardware load bounds and filtered-sample addressing differ. Out-of-range cube-array sampling remains unimplemented. Samplers with DISABLE_CUBE_WRAP are created with VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_NON_SEAMLESS_CUBE_MAP_BIT_EXT, the flag RADV maps to that bit (Mesa src/amd/vulkan/radv_sampler.c, src/amd/common/ac_descriptors.c); without VK_EXT_non_seamless_cube_map a cube texture sampled through such a sampler throws. PS5 equivalence has not been measured on console hardware.
DCC display buffers are presented only when all keys of the console's DCC extent agree on uncompressed or a fast-clear code, padding keys included; other keys, and register-clear keys over a pending image, throw.
Storage image write-back (libSceAgcDriver) stores the GPU results over a CPU-stamped range whose guest bytes equal the copy taken when the image's layers got their generation (images up to 1 MiB whose guest bytes were settled at that point, with no unit shadow, pending image results or recorded GPU store over them; other images keep the previous rule: the CPU's bytes win). A CPU store that rewrites the baseline value after the GPU changed it is not told apart from no store, and the GPU result wins there. The 1 MiB limit is a choice, not a console value.
16-bit float display buffers (libSceAgcDriver, libSceVideoOut) - pixel formats 0xC001000622000000 and 0xC001000600000000 are taken as R16G16B16A16 and B16G16R16A16 float, eight bytes per texel, as KytyPS5 maps them and SharpProspero names them (Rgba16Float, Bgra16Float); PPSA11386 registers 3840x2160 tiled buffers of the first. The tiled layout is assumed to be the 8-byte SW_64KB_R_X equation of TextureSwizzleEquations.hpp applied to full coordinates, as addrlib applies it, by analogy with the 32-bit scanout; ColorTargetLayout applies the equations to in-block coordinates, which for 8-byte texels differs in every odd 64-row block row (address bit 11 takes y bit 6) and for 16-byte texels also differs, so a float display buffer written through WriteColorTarget and presented from guest memory would show those rows misplaced. The values are assumed to be linear light and are encoded with the sRGB curve for the 8-bit output. Bits 32-39 of these formats are 0x06, as in the 10-bit formats SharpProspero lists without sRGB transfer, while its sRGB formats have 0x00, its 10-bit PQ formats 0x04 (with 0x07 in bits 40-47) and its float BT.2100 PQ formats 0x07: they show only that these formats are not the sRGB ones. NaN and negative values give 0, values of 1 and above give 255, alpha is linear. Neither the layout nor the transfer is verified against console or title frames, and HDR output is not modelled. DCC metadata on a float buffer throws.
DCC key stores cover the console's DCC extent only for pipe-aligned DCC of single-level, single-layer 4-byte SW_64KB_R_X surfaces; other surfaces, and every texture and color target key read, cover one byte per 256 bytes.
DCC key fills over other images (libSceAgcDriver) - a uniform fill at a live image's dccAddress, at least one key per 256 bytes long, is a key fill of that image even when other live images overlap it, but only while it is no longer than the image's key extent (DccKeyCount, the pipe-aligned count); a longer one is classified by its overlaps as before. The bound is inferred, not measured on a title: a longer fill also writes the bytes past the keys, which the overlapping image may own. Whether the title's bloom-target key fills stay within the extent was not checked (APS5_TRACE_DCC_KEYS prints the length of the fills classified as keys, not of the refused ones).
Comp-to-single DCC keys (libSceAgcDriver) - key 0x10 (GFX9_DCC_CLEAR_SINGLE in Mesa ac_descriptors.h) is expanded only by a CB DCC decompress pass over uniform keys of a non-linear target: every texel takes the element at the start of its 256-byte block, the top-left texel of the block where radv's build_clear_dcc_comp_to_single_shader stores the clear color. A fast-clear eliminate over such keys and mixed keys throw; textures and color targets that read them use their stored texels. "Uniform" is judged over the key bytes the driver reads, one per 256 surface bytes (see DCC key stores above), so a pipe-aligned surface whose keys differ past that range is expanded as if all were comp-to-single, as for the other clear codes. Not verified on hardware
8_SRGB color targets (libSceAgcDriver) on a device that cannot attach and blend R8_SRGB render into an RGBA8_SRGB copy of the target, so the sRGB encode, decode and blend rounding are the device's; the console's are not measured.
8_SRGB color targets (libSceAgcDriver) on such a device throw unless they are single-mip 2D surfaces with a resident image; linear targets have none.
COPY_DATA from the GPU clock (libSceAgcDriver, SRC_SEL 9) writes the host steady clock in 10 ns ticks when the packet runs, the same counter as the RELEASE_MEM timestamp, not the console's GPU clock. The COPY_DATA cache policy fields are accepted and have no effect.
16-bit RGBA color targets (libSceAgcDriver) support the standard and the alternate (COMP_SWAP 1) component order. Alternate swaps red and blue in shader exports, write masks and constant-color blend factors, following ac_translate_colorswap in Mesa 26.2.2 ac_formats.c. The reverse orders (COMP_SWAP 2 and 3) keep throwing when blending, and simultaneous targets requiring conflicting blend constants throw. Console equivalence has not been measured on hardware.
UINT16_ABGR color exports (libSceAgcDriver) - export format 7 is accepted only into an unsigned integer target, and each 16-bit value reaches the target unchanged; a value beyond a narrower target's range (R8_UINT) is undefined in Vulkan, and whether the console clamps or truncates it is not confirmed. SINT16_ABGR (8) throws
--to-intel guest module trampolines are covered only by a synthetic relinker test; no game title has been verified with them on Linux or Windows.
--to-rosetta lowers what Rosetta lacks on top of --to-intel (matcher). Rosetta runs AVX2, FMA, BMI1/2, F16C and MOVBE but reports none of them through CPUID, so code that checks CPUID takes its baseline path. RDSEED becomes RDRAND and CLWB a NOP. RDPID returns processor 0, because Rosetta's TSC_AUX is the constant 0xAAAAAAAB; the same value reaches RDTSCP's ECX, which is not converted. ADCX/ADOX fault under Rosetta and are not converted: compilers do not emit them, and code that checks CPUID sees no ADX. The conversions are covered by the converter tests; that the converted code runs under Rosetta was checked on an M5 Max only, outside this repository's CI.
--to-intel replaces the approximate VEX.128 register forms of VRSQRTPS and VRCPPS with correctly rounded 1/sqrt(x) and 1/x, not with the AMD approximation: its tables are not public. Intel's approximation of 1/sqrt(1.0) is 0x3F7FF000, and two Newton-Raphson steps on it settle on 0.99999994 instead of 1.0; a renormalised identity quaternion then turns into a NaN axis in PPSA21564, which the console does not show. Refined results now reach the exact value; unrefined ones can still differ from the console in the low bits. Each site costs an out-of-line stub (two jumps, a spill below the red zone, SQRTPS/DIVPS). The 256-bit, scalar, legacy and memory forms keep the native instruction, as does a 4-byte site with no movable instruction after it for the jump (5 sites in PPSA21564, counted before a following RIP-relative instruction could move into the stub; not recounted).
sceKeyboardGetKey2Char (libSceKeyboard) translates the 101-key (US) arrangement and the alphanumeric layer of the 106-key (Japanese) one, which follows the JIS layout of the HID usages: the Yen (0x89) and Ro (0x87) keys return \ (0x5C) unshifted, as JIS X 0201 places the yen sign there; whether the console returns U+00A5 instead is unverified. With the Kana LED (bit 4, the HID position) set the 106-key arrangement throws, as the kana the console returns are unknown. Ctrl and Alt do not change the character.
sceAudioOut2Set3DLatency and sceAudioOut2MasteringInit, sceAudioOut2MasteringTerm and sceAudioOut2MasteringSetParam (libSceAudioOut) have no effect: there is no 3D rendering or mastering stage.
sceImeKeyboardGetInfo (libSceIme) returns 0x80bc0023 (no resource id) for every id while a keyboard is open, since the IME keyboard never reports a connected device. sceImeKeyboardSetMode validates the mode bits but the mode has no effect, as no IME keyboard events are delivered.
AudioOut2 contexts (libSceAudioOut) with an SDL device read a grain's port buffers at the next push, at least 100 us after the grain was pushed, and play the mix behind a 40 ms cushion that the queue level leaves out. When the hardware reads the buffers is not known. The timing follows a title whose mixer fills a buffer after pushing it, reuses it two pushes later, and may still be writing it when the next push follows within microseconds. The last grain pushed before a title stops pushing is never read or played.
libSceAudiodec throws for the 24-bit PCM word size (iBwPcm 0): its sample layout is unknown. ATRAC9 decoding is covered only by configuration and error tests, as no ATRAC9 encoder is available for a fixture.
sceAjmDecMp3ParseFrame (libSceAjm.native) throws when the original file length is requested (parse_ofl non-zero) for a layer other than III, for a CRC-protected frame, or for a VBRI header outside MPEG-1 stereo: shadPS4 looks for the tag after the CRC and after the side information, while LAME and FFmpeg place it without the CRC and VBRI always at byte 36.
ATRAC9 gapless segments (libSceAjm.native) - a run job stops after the gapless total of output samples counted from the start of the segment, leaving the rest of its input unconsumed, and the next run starts the next segment with the decoder as it is and without a second skip. FMOD in PPSA29141 sets a total shorter than a sound's frames and reads the frames after it on later runs; with the output held at the total its stream reader waited for them forever and the last buffer repeated. The console's handling of the frames after the total is not documented; a reset (SetGaplessDecode with the reset flag, ClearContext, initialization) starts a new segment. An ATRAC9 run job without RUN_MULTIPLE_FRAMES decodes its whole input as one with it: FMOD in PPSA29141 puts two run jobs in one batch with the second's input right after the whole of the first's. Whether the console stops after one frame there is not verified; MP3 and Opus run jobs still stop after one frame
Tessellation rings of local, hull and domain programs become Vulkan tessellation interfaces and are never written to guest memory; a title that reads the off-chip or factor ring back sees no data.
Inner tessellation factors of fractional-odd triangle patches that are NaN tessellate as 1, as in the D3D11 reference tessellator; the console is not measured.
VGT_TF_PARAM (libSceAgcDriver) - DISTRIBUTION_MODE is taken as scheduling only; the host tessellator decides the order of a patch's triangles.
Hull programs start from the hull launch registers (user data, ring bases, v0, v1); on the console they start with what the local program leaves, and that it leaves them unchanged is not checked.
Local programs (libSceAgcDriver) that the hull header leaves at address 0 are prepared at their first draw, one artifact per tessellation configuration, instead of at registration.
The output modifier (mul:2, mul:4, div:2) follows the shader's float mode as measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035): the hardware applies it only with IEEE mode off and output denormals of the result's precision flushed (bit 1 of the FLOAT_MODE denormal field clear), and ignores it otherwise. On f32 results it is applied as the hardware does with f32 denormals flushed; a shader without a known float mode is translated with IEEE mode off and f32 denormals flushed, the mode titles use. On f16 and f64 results it is ignored, and it throws in the modes where the hardware applies it.
The clamp modifier follows DX10_CLAMP, measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035) for f32, f16, packed f16 and f64 results at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1: with DX10_CLAMP=1 (and in shaders without a known float mode) a NaN result clamps to +0, including the quieted NaN that v_pk_min_f16 and v_pk_max_f16 return for a signaling NaN operand with IEEE=1 (measured on RDNA2 gfx1036 at both IEEE_MODE and both DX10_CLAMP settings); with DX10_CLAMP=0 a NaN result is written unchanged and every other value clamps to [0, 1] as before. f64 results follow the same rule on hardware, but a clamped f64 result with DX10_CLAMP=0 throws until it has an execution test. With DX10_CLAMP=0 the NaN's bits are those the translation already produces for the instruction without clamp, so where those are left to the driver (f32 and scalar f16 arithmetic) the payload is the driver's, not the hardware's input propagation. v_dot2_f32_f16 and the integer clamps are unchanged.
FP16_OVFL follows the shader's float mode as measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) at IEEE=0 and IEEE=1 with f16 denormals kept and flushed: with FP16_OVFL=1 an f16 result that rounds to ±infinity is written as ±0x7bff unless a source operand is infinite, so v_rcp_f16, v_rsq_f16 and v_log_f16 of ±0 and v_exp_f16 of 16 or more are clamped while an infinite input passes through, and v_div_fixup_f16 keeps the infinity it writes for a zero denominator or an infinite numerator and clamps any other infinite quotient, a NaN one included. v_cvt_pkrtz_f16_f32 rounds toward zero and never overflows. The sources are checked as the f32 values the translation computes with; the rule is applied to v_fma_mix*_f16 with f32 sources and to v_interp_p2_f16 without a measurement of infinite f32 sources or parameters. Round modes other than nearest even are not modelled, so the overflow threshold is the nearest-even one (65520).
Directed f16 rounding for v_cvt_f16_f32, v_cvt_f16_i16, v_cvt_f16_u16 and v_ldexp_f16 follows FLOAT_MODE bits 3:2 only when f16 denormals are preserved (bits 7:6 = 3), measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036). With f16 denormals flushed (bits 7:6 = 0), or flushed on one side (modes 1 and 2, not measured), the hardware also flushes the f16 result and the directed path does not model that, so those shaders keep round-to-nearest-even. The clamp modifier with directed rounding is not measured.
Comparison sampling of a color texture (image_sample_c/image_sample_c_lz on a texture that is not R32 float or R16 unorm) is emulated in the shader, since Vulkan compares only depth formats: the red channel is fetched, compared and, for bilinear filtering, blended (compare, then filter). Only 2D and 2D array views, float/unorm/snorm formats, wrap, clamp-to-edge and clamp-to-border addressing (border red 0 for the black borders, 1 for opaque white) and point or bilinear filtering at one level are implemented, with texel offsets added to the texel indices; LOD biases and clamps are accepted, as they cannot select another level of a single-level sample. Half-border addressing, the border color table, gradients, gathers, other dimensions, anisotropy and mip filtering throw. Under bilinear filtering, taps past a clamp-to-border edge compare the border value and blend with the texel taps, so results near the edge depend on the filter weights. AMD documentation does not say how a color format's reference is handled: it is clamped to [0, 1] for unorm and [-1, 1] for snorm, as Vulkan does for unorm depth, and not clamped for float. Bilinear weights are full float, not the hardware's fixed-point subtexel weights
Negative color-texture comparison wrap indices (libSceAgcDriver) use explicit OpSRem normalization to implement modulo; the negative-offset point-wrap regression fails with direct OpSMod and passes with normalization on Mesa 22.3.6 llvmpipe (LLVM 15.0.6), but negative-index wrap has not been measured on PS5 hardware.
libScePlayerInvitationDialog simulates dialog completion without displaying UI or sending invitations, so scePlayerInvitationDialogGetResult reports USER_CANCELED; its parameter ABI remains unverified. The 40-byte result layout (error code, result, 32 reserved bytes) is taken from SharpProspero and the error codes from the other common dialogs, not confirmed on a title.
Converted unorm images (10_11_11_UNORM, read and written through an R32_UINT view): samples, gathers, LOD queries, 16-bit data and a DST_SEL of the missing W channel throw.
Packed 16-bit textures (libSceAgcDriver) - 5_6_5, 1_5_5_5 and 4_4_4_4 are viewed as R5G6B5, A1R5G5B5 and B4G4R4A4 (the 4-bit format every Vulkan device can sample; R4G4B4A4 is optional and lavapipe lacks it) with a swizzle that reads X from the low bits, and a DST_SEL of the missing W of 5_6_5 reads X. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035), not on the console: through image_load and image_sample_lz, X, Y, Z (and W of 1_5_5_5 and 4_4_4_4) come from the low, middle and high fields, and W of 5_6_5 returns X (the low 5 bits), not 1.
Converted unorm image loads divide by 2^n - 1 with the buffer format path's OpFDiv, which Vulkan allows to be up to 2.5 ULP off, so some drivers are not bit-exact.
64-bit LDS atomics (ds_*_u64, ds_*_b64, ds_*_f64) read and write the two dwords under a workgroup lock stored after the guest LDS, as LDS is a 32-bit array without 64-bit atomics. On RDNA2 (gfx1036) the LDS serialises a 32-bit atomic on a slot's high dword and a 64-bit atomic on that slot: 128 lanes of ds_add_u32 and 128 lanes of ds_add_u64 on one slot sum exactly. Only that pair was measured. Every 32-bit LDS atomic of a program that contains a 64-bit LDS atomic therefore takes the same lock, including a 32-bit flat_atomic_* whose address lands in the LDS aperture (a 64-bit one takes it already); the flat forms were not measured against a 64-bit atomic either (the other 32-bit LDS atomics, ds_min/max, ds_cmpst, the float forms, ds_inc/dec, ds_mskor and ds_wrxchg, are extrapolated from ds_add_u32 and were not measured against a 64-bit atomic); a program without a 64-bit LDS atomic keeps its native 32-bit atomics. ds_condxchg32_rtn_b64 is two ds_mskor halves, each under the lock but not atomic as a pair, so a 64-bit atomic between the two halves is not excluded. Sub-dword writes (ds_write_b8, ds_write_b16 and their _d16_hi forms) and plain ds_read_*, ds_write_*, ds_append_u32 and ds_consume_u32 are not taken under the lock, so a plain access racing a 64-bit atomic on the same dwords can see or overwrite one half of it; whether the hardware orders them was not measured. The lock serialises the workgroup's LDS atomics of such a program; the throughput cost was not measured. VK_KHR_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout with shaderSharedInt64Atomics would make both widths native and is not used. A 64-bit atomic at an address that is 4-byte but not 8-byte aligned faults the wave on gfx1036, as on gfx1035.
LDS float atomics (ds_min/max/cmpst_f32, ds_min/max/cmpst_f64 and their _rtn forms) follow the hardware measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) over 14 x 14 operand sets (zeros, ones, infinities, denormals, quiet and signalling NaNs of both signs and with payloads) in IEEE 0 and 1 with every value 0-3 of the type's denormal field: both operands are flushed to a signed zero when bit 0 of the field is clear (0 and 2; 1 and 3 keep them; the f32 field for the f32 forms, the f16/f64 field for the f64 forms; a shader without a known float mode flushes f32 and keeps f64), then a signalling-NaN data operand is stored quieted, else a signalling-NaN old value is stored quieted, else a quiet-NaN old value is replaced by the data, else a quiet-NaN data operand loses, else the ordered compare with -0 below +0 decides, and the flushed value is what is written, also when the old value wins. cmpst compares the flushed bits (both zeros equal, NaN never equal) and leaves memory unchanged when they differ. The returned value is always the old value as it was in memory. IEEE_MODE has no effect. The same bit rule serves the buffer float atomics (AtomicFloatBits). Not measured: a denormal or signalling-NaN data1 of cmpst (stored as given), and ds_add_f32, which keeps the host's OpFAdd.
V# bases off a DWORD boundary (shader recompiler) - raw accesses use the exact bytes and s_buffer_load reads (base & ~3) + (offset & ~3), as measured on gfx1035 (Linux, alignment mode UNALIGNED; the console's mode is unknown). Formatted accesses off their element's alignment and atomics throw.
32-bit bitfield masks (S_BFM_B32, V_BFM_B32) use the truncating 32-bit shift specified by the RDNA 1.0 ISA, sections 12.1 (opcode 36) and 12.12 (opcode 867). Width and offset use their low five bits. This matches gfx1035 (Linux) for every width/offset pair, with and without upper operand bits set, and both leave SCC unchanged; not measured on the console.
Vector buffer offsets that are not a multiple of 4 (shader recompiler) - dword accesses count whole dwords from the V# base, where the hardware reads the exact bytes at base + offset.
Min/max S# reduction (libSceAgcDriver) - FILTER_MODE 1 and 2 use Vulkan's min and max reduction (the same SQ_IMG_FILTER_MODE values RADV programs). Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035), not on the console: only texels of non-zero weight are reduced, and the weight is taken after rounding to the 8-bit subtexel grid (a sample within 1/512 texel of a centre reduces that texel alone); a driver with other subTexelPrecisionBits reduces a different set there. Gathers ignore the mode.
Min/max S# (libSceAgcDriver, shader recompiler) - throws with anisotropy, a linear mip filter, depth or color-texture compare, or bilinear filtering of an image the recompiler point-samples (sint, converted, depth-bits).
FORCE_DEGAMMA (libSceAgcDriver) - an S# that forces sRGB decoding adds nothing to an sRGB texture, as in shadPS4 (PS4). Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1035), not on the console: 8, 8_8 and 8_8_8_8 sRGB textures sample bit for bit the same with and without the bit (point and bilinear; BC formats not measured). Other textures throw; on the same hardware their UNORM 8, 8_8 and 8_8_8_8 forms sample bit for bit as the sRGB format (decoded before filtering).
Tessellation factor ring (libSceAgcDriver) - sceAgcDriverSetTFRing records the ring and sceAgcDriverGetTFRing reports it. Before a title sets one, it reports the console's default, 0xFF0000000 and 128 KiB, as measured in PS5_Vulkan's hardware findings. Nothing is written to the recorded ring: tessellated draws run as Vulkan tessellation stages, which keep their factors on the host, so a title that reads tessellation factors from the ring finds none. A null base or a zero size throws; ps5-opengl's AGC runtime calls sceAgcDriverSetTFRing(0, 0) in its cleanup, and what that does on the console is unknown.
Raw buffer_load_dwordx2 is one 64-bit access on the hardware (with or without glc), so it never sees half of a buffer_atomic_swap_x2. Only a glc load that is 8-byte aligned and in bounds, in a program that has the 64-bit storage view (it uses 64-bit buffer atomics), is read with one 64-bit atomic load; every other dwordx2 load is two dword loads and can tear against a concurrent 64-bit write: loads without glc, and loads in a program without 64-bit buffer atomics while another shader writes the pair with swap_x2.
DS src2 operations (ds_*_src2_*, GFX10.1 only) read DS[B], with B = A + 4 * sext(offset1[6:0]:offset0), and then update DS[A] with the matching 32-bit atomic, so the read of B is not atomic with the update of A. The form that takes the offset from the address (offset1[7] set), the 64-bit forms and GDS throw: whether the LDS address keeps A[31:17] in that form, and whether the 64-bit forms scale the offset by 4 or 8, is not documented. ds_min_src2_f32, ds_max_src2_f32 and ds_add_src2_f32 throw: on RDNA2 (gfx1035, the oracle's hardware, which has no src2 opcodes) ds_min_f32, ds_max_f32 and ds_add_f32 ignore IEEE_MODE but depend on whether f32 denormals are flushed (28, 28 and 12 of 196 special rows differ), and that is not modelled for LDS float atomics yet (#981).
wcsrtombs_s (libc) follows the console's libc.prx, but a runtime-constraint violation only returns its error: the default handler there writes the message and a newline to stderr before returning, which is not done here. Conversion uses the C locale of wcrtomb (MB_CUR_MAX 1), so the path where a multibyte character does not fit the remaining space is not reached
The narrow printf family (libc) converts 16-bit guest wide arguments to UTF-8 on both platforms, independently of the host locale. It does not use the guest's single-byte wcrtomb; the console's treatment of invalid UTF-16 and locale-specific encoding remains unverified. Linux retains host formatting for formats without wide arguments, so a narrow %p there still follows the host (glibc prints a null pointer as (nil), where FreeBSD prints 0x0); positional arguments, the ' flag and %m throw when a format requires the guest formatter
collate::_Getcat (libc) builds the facet for the C locale only and throws for any other locale name. The console's libc.prx stores pointers to its collation state tables at offsets 0x10 and 0x18 of the facet; ours leaves them null, as only the facet's own functions read them. do_transform throws for input with embedded null characters, which the console drops depending on the output buffer size, and for results of 4095 characters or more, whose string storage uses the guest's over-aligned large allocation.
The scanf family (libc) hands %i to glibc on Linux, which since 2.38 reads the C23 0b/0B binary prefix when the library is built as GNU C++: sscanf("0b101", "%i", &value) stores 5 where C17 stores 0 and stops at the b. The strtol family stops at the prefix as C17 does
socketpair (libkernel) - the pair is the host's AF_UNIX pair on Linux and, on Windows, a loopback TCP connection for SOCK_STREAM or two connected UDP sockets for SOCK_DGRAM; SOCK_SEQPACKET throws on Windows. A datagram sent to a full receiver gets ENOBUFS on the console, waits or gets EAGAIN on Linux and is dropped on Windows, and on Windows a datagram recv after the peer closed reports ECONNRESET instead of the console's ENOTCONN, and a stream send after the peer closed reports ECONNABORTED instead of the console's EPIPE. read and write on a pair end go to the host like on every guest socket. getpeername on a pair end succeeds after the peer closed, where the console returns ENOTCONN, and connect, bind and sendto with an address on a pair end report an address-family error instead of the console's EISCONN. On Windows poll on a stream end reports POLLHUP without POLLIN after the peer's shutdown(SHUT_WR) or close, where the console reports POLLIN, with POLLHUP only after close
read, write and vector I/O (libkernel) on a guest socket use recv and send without flags; sceKernelReadv and sceKernelWritev gather or scatter through one socket operation, preserving stream short reads and datagram boundaries. The positioned pread, pwrite, preadv and pwritev forms, and their sceKernel forms, return ESPIPE for an open guest socket and EBADF for a closed one. Guest socket descriptors start at 0x10000000 and are allocated upward, so the descriptor range selects the guest socket table or the host descriptor table. EPIPE from a write raises the host's SIGPIPE on Linux, which the guest can neither ignore nor suppress: signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN) and sigaction record the disposition, as they do for every number from 1 to 128, but only the six signals with host equivalents (2, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 15) take effect on the host or are delivered, so the host SIGPIPE is not stopped; SO_NOSIGPIPE is not an option here, and raises nothing on Windows; a write longer than INT_MAX bytes is EMSGSIZE where the console sends it. AIO on a guest socket still goes to the host, which has no such descriptor
poll (libkernel) waits only on guest sockets, through WSAPoll on Windows and poll on Linux; the pollfd layout and flag values are FreeBSD's. A descriptor below the socket range (files, pipes, stdio) throws, as do event bits other than POLLIN, POLLPRI, POLLOUT, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND and POLLWRBAND (the POLLERR, POLLHUP and POLLNVAL bits are ignored in events), POLLPRI on Windows, which WSAPoll rejects, and an infinite timeout with no socket to wait on. A closed socket descriptor reports POLLNVAL; the console's limit on the descriptor count is unknown and not checked
msync (libkernel) follows FreeBSD 11's kern_msync and vm_map_sync, not measured on the console: the address is rounded down to the page, a range that wraps is EINVAL, as is MS_ASYNC with MS_INVALIDATE, and a range whose start or any page is not mapped (as sceKernelVirtualQuery reports it, reservations included) is ENOMEM; a page unmapped from inside a larger mapping still counts as mapped there, since sceKernelVirtualQuery keeps reporting the whole mapping. The guest has no file mappings, so a successful call writes nothing back. MS_INVALIDATE on a mapped range throws: FreeBSD returns EBUSY when the range holds mlocked pages, and locked pages are not tracked
Thread exit destructors (libSceLibcInternal) run when a libkernel thread finishes; on the main or a host thread only _sceLibcInternalThreadDtors runs them, as exit does, else they are dropped
sceFontOpenFontSet (libSceFont) opens only the primary file of a system font set. Characters the console takes from the set's other files (Hangul, Thai and Arabic in Japanese and Chinese sets, Arabic in European sets) are reported as unsupported glyphs. The console file names are those of the PS4 firmware; the names of the PS5-only JG2 sets (0x1A......) are unknown, so they use the SSTJpPro files. When a console file is missing, an openly licensed substitute (Noto Sans, Noto Sans Mono, Noto Sans Thai, Noto Sans CJK) is loaded instead. It is not the system font: its metrics differ, so text width, line height and wrapping differ from the console. System font faces are loaded by FreeType in host memory, not in the font memory the title passes to the library: FreeType needs about 1 MiB per CJK face, which the title's font memory is not sized for.
sceFontGetCharGlyphMetrics, sceFontGetRenderCharGlyphMetrics (libSceFont) report the vertical metrics the way the FreeType driver reports them for a rendered glyph, not confirmed on a title: FreeType's vertical advance, and for a face without vertical metrics a bearing of half the horizontal advance left of the horizontal bearing and of half the advance left over by the glyph height.
Font writing lines (libSceFont) - sceFontWritingLineWritesOrder, sceFontWritingLineRefersRenderStep, sceFontWritingLineGetRenderMetrics, sceFontWritingLineGetOrderingSpace and sceFontWritingLineClear follow the PS4 11.00 libSceFont.sprx (firmware module, read from its disassembly and compared call for call on random sequences): runs are linked in visual order by embedding level, the space at each spaced join is summed for the line, steps walk the visual order from the left (form 0x12) or from the right (form 0x11) and the render metrics grow as steps are consumed. The PS5 library was not measured. Not from that module: form 0x10 is accepted and treated as left to right and a detail with id 0x0FD5 is accepted (the PS4 library rejects both); the memory argument of sceFontCreateWritingLine and the rest of the detail are not read (the PS4 library validates its library object there); an unknown writing form, another detail id, a null line pointer on creation, unknown and null handles (except in sceFontWritingLineRefersRenderStep, which returns null for a null line) and a null output of sceFontWritingLineGetRenderMetrics throw instead of returning the PS4 error codes, which are not confirmed for the PS5; sceFontDestroyWritingLine was not compared. Lines are allocated on the host, not in the font memory the title passes to the library: FreeType needs about 1 MiB per CJK face, which the title's font memory is not sized for.
s_swappc_b64 writes the link pair with the same model as s_getpc_b64: the guest return address pc + 4 as a byte offset over GetShaderBase. Any other use of the link pair (arithmetic, compare, hash, store) throws, apart from the overwrites and shared links that static scalar calls allow; constant-offset folding over the link is not modeled. The special encoding s_swappc_b64 with SDST 125 still decodes as s_setpc_b64, which matches the hardware: measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in wave32 and wave64, it branches to the source pair and leaves a marker SGPR pair untouched, and with an SGPR destination the link is PC + 4.
The s_swappc_b64 fetch-shader call at vertex/local/tessellation/mesh entry assumes the called fetch-shader blob ends in s_setpc_b64 to the link pair (the GNM fetch-shader shape shadPS4's EmitFetch copies); the blob is not part of the shader program, so its return closes the pairing by assumption and any in-program reader of the link pair throws. Attribute fetches are inlined from the request's parsed fetch-shader plan through the same GetAttribute path as the embedded fetch analyzer, honoring the buffer resource dst_sel; an attribute writing more than four registers, or an entry call without a parsed plan, throws. The vertex/instance offset accumulator inside the fetch blob is not replayed for external blobs.
The scalar aperture sources src_shared_base, src_shared_limit, src_private_base, src_private_limit (core/shader/recompiler) decode to their own operand kinds (scalar source codes 235 to 238, named as in LLVM's SIRegisterInfo.td), but their value is not modelled: reading one refuses with the source it refused named, because the wave's shared and private aperture bases and limits are unknown. Both the scalar-code read and the raw-operand read refuse; a shader that only carries the value into an address still prepares, one that reads it does not
VertexBufferReadSize and the vertex staging copy (libSceAgcDriver) - a vertex fetch whose index is at or past the descriptor's num_records no longer throws for OOB_SELECT 0 and 1. The copy still spans the whole fetch, but the bytes from num_records * stride onward read as zeros, so the out-of-range vertex is (0, 0, 0, 0). Measured with buffer_load_format_xyzw (idxen) through the hardware oracle on RDNA2 gfx1036 for PPSA01325's word 3 0x0004dfac (OOB_SELECT 0) in #2241: indices 3, 4 and 5 over 3 records each return 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000, W included, unlike Vulkan robustBufferAccess, which returns (0, 0, 0, 1). The zeros come from the record check, not from memory: stored values placed past the records are ignored, and a num_records 6 control returns them. RESOURCE_LEVEL 1, OOB_SELECT 1 and FORMAT 74 32_32_32_FLOAT give the same zeros, in wave32 and wave64; gfx1013 (the console) is not measured. OOB_SELECT 2 returns the stored values past the records and OOB_SELECT 3 compares num_records against the byte offset, both measured on the same setup in #2241; the two keep throwing past num_records here, since each needs its own rule. Zero-stride descriptors (stride 0) keep their separate byte-count check and are not covered here. Each out-of-range fetch is copied alone and outside the draw-snapshot cache, which is neither read nor written for it: a reused snapshot would carry another draw's bytes into the zero region, and a stored zero-padded copy would hand zeros to a later in-range draw at the same address. The valid prefix is still flushed for GPU writes before it is read.
sceImeKeyboardGetResourceId (libSceIme) reports that no USB keyboard is connected (0x80bc0004, as shadPS4 does) because IME keyboard events are not delivered to the handler, although libSceKeyboard exposes the host keyboard
Player review dialog (libSceCdlgPlayerReview) shows nothing: scePlayerReviewDialogOpen finishes at once and the result reports that the user canceled, as sceWebBrowserDialogOpen does
NP reachability callbacks retain one callback and its user data; duplicate registration and unregistering an absent callback return the errors used by shadPS4. No callback is delivered because the existing NP model remains signed out with reachability unavailable.
Running application ID (libSceSystemService) - sceSystemServiceGetAppIdOfRunningBigApp reports 1 as the running title's app ID. The value is AnyPS5's own: the console's shell assigns app IDs and their values are not known here, so other calls that take an app ID must use the same one. sceSystemServiceKillApp with that ID and the arguments -1, 0 and 0, which SwanStationPS5 passes to close itself and ps5-payload-dev's hbldr passes to close the running game, ends the title as its own exit(0) would: the guest's shutdown and atexit handlers run and the process exits with status 0. On the console the call returns and the shell then ends the title, and whether those handlers run there is unknown; here there is no shell, so the call does not return. Another app ID or other arguments throw.
sceNpCheckNpAvailability (libSceNpManager) - the (req_id, online_id) signature and the errors follow shadPS4 with no user signed in to PSN: a null online id is SCE_NP_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT, and any other online id matches no user, SCE_NP_ERROR_USER_NOT_FOUND; the request id is not checked, as in the other NpManager requests
Temporary app-content storage tracks one /temp0 mount, preserves its files on unmount, and rejects new path resolutions until remount. Mount, format, space-query and unmount errors follow fpPS4; the pointer ABI is also declared by SharpProspero. Existing open host descriptors remain usable after unmount; console behaviour with open files is unverified. Host filesystem failures still throw.
Guest path resolution falls back to ASCII case-insensitive component lookup, following shadPS4's host filesystem. PPSA03747 requests Skyrim.INI, Data/Video and lowercase archive/plugin names that differ from the dump's filenames. Exact host names take precedence; multiple fallback matches throw instead of selecting an arbitrary file. Existing parent names are resolved when creating a new file, and guest mount aliases use the same ASCII comparison. Results are not cached, so renames and newly created files remain visible. Unicode case folding and PS5 behaviour for case-colliding host entries are unverified; host roots are used as supplied.
localtime, mktime (libc) on Windows convert through the CRT's localtime_s and mktime, which accept about 1970 to January 3001 UTC and apply the CRT's daylight-saving rule; outside that range localtime returns null and mktime returns -1, where the console converts. gmtime converts every time whose year fits an int on both hosts.
LINE_STIPPLE_TEX (recompiler) reads as 0: line stipple is not emulated. RADV enables the input only as the required pixel input of a shader that reads no interpolants, because it initializes the fewest VGPRs (Mesa radv_compute_spi_ps_input), and never reads it
Draw snapshot buffer descriptors rewrite each affected array from element zero, preserving unchanged descriptors. MoltenVK 1.4.2 writes auxiliary buffer lengths at index i instead of start + i for partial array updates (MVKDescriptorSet.mm, BufferAuxSize). Per-element writes therefore let one buffer length replace another even when Vulkan buffer handles and ranges are correct.
Static scalar calls (s_call_b64 and s_swappc_b64) require an ordinary even-aligned SGPR link pair (s0:s1 through s104:s105) and a later s_setpc_b64 return reading that exact pair. A pair serves one call, or several calls whose regions are disjoint, each closed by the first return reading the pair after its target. Outside every region of its calls the pair may only be overwritten whole, by s_mov_b32, s_mov_b64, an SOP2 result or a scalar load, as the caller of a user-data callee does before each call. Regions must nest or be disjoint; recursion, other shared links, escaping link values (including overlapping tuples and resource descriptors), invalid targets, interleaved regions, cross-region branches or fall-through, relative SGPR reads and dynamic s_setpc_b64 in a program with calls throw. The analysis checks all decoded instructions, including unreachable code. Arbitrary indirect calls and general call frames are not implemented.
User-data callees (libSceAgcDriver) - a compute shader's s_swappc_b64 whose source pair is a user-data pair, or a copy of one made with s_mov_b32 or s_mov_b64 in the same block, calls the code at the address that user data holds. At dispatch the callee is read from guest memory up to its s_setpc_b64 on the link pair, one copy of it is appended per call after the caller's last instruction, and the call is rewritten to s_call_b64 to that copy. The words after the caller's last instruction are dropped; in the shaders seen they are metadata, and a caller that reads its program counter, which could address them, throws. A copy runs at another program counter than the callee, so a callee that reads its program counter, makes a call, ends the program, jumps through another pair, returns before code it branches to, spans more than 64 KiB or is not readable throws. Callees are read again whenever a dispatch misses the dispatch cache; a dispatch that hits it reuses the linked program, so a title that rewrote a callee in place at the same address would keep running the old code.
DB_RENDER_CONTROL resummarize draws (libSceAgcDriver) - HTILE is not modeled, so a RESUMMARIZE_ENABLE draw without depth or stencil tests and without color writes changes no modeled state and draws nothing; any other resummarize, copy or decompress draw throws
s_call_b64 saves PC + 4 over GetShaderBase and branches to PC + 4 + signext(SIMM16) * 4, following AMD RDNA2 ISA sections 3.6.3, 12.2 and 12.3. Forward callees after s_endpgm are decoded. Measured on RDNA2 (gfx1036) in wave32 and wave64 with SIMM16 = 3: the link pair receives PC + 4, the branch goes to PC + 4 + signext(SIMM16) * 4, and s_setpc_b64 of the link returns to the instruction after the call. Execution on the PS5 (gfx1013) and title compatibility for these bounded scalar calls remain unverified; s_rfe_b64 still throws in translation.
sceVideodec2CreateDecoder (libSceVideodec2) decodes HEVC (codec type 974921) and VP9 (2382845) through FFmpeg, besides H.264. The tags come from SharpProspero's Videodec2CodecType and EVO-PLAYER-PS5's sce_videodec2.h, which records them from hardware runs. HEVC input is converted from length-prefixed NAL units to Annex B as for H.264, and VP9 frames are passed through. Output is the same 8-bit NV12 for every codec; a decoder for HEVC Main10 or VP9 Profile 2 is created, but a frame deeper than 8 bits throws, since the console's 10-bit output layout is unknown, and QueryDecoderMemoryInfo reports the 8-bit frame size for it. sceVideodec2GetPictureInfo and sceVideodec2GetAvcPictureInfo throw for HEVC and VP9 pictures, which use other layouts (SceVideodec2HevcPictureInfo, SceVideodec2Vp9PictureInfo), and sceVideodec2GetHevcPictureInfo and sceVideodec2GetVp9PictureInfo are not exported
syslog (libc) writes each message to stderr as [syslog:<priority>] <message>, with a newline added when missing, instead of sending it to the console's system log. Priority and facility handling follow FreeBSD's vsyslog: %m expands to the guest errno's message, unknown bits are reported (as priority 0x23, since FreeBSD passes LOG_ERR|LOG_CONS|LOG_PERROR|LOG_PID as the priority) and masked, a missing facility becomes LOG_USER, and errno is preserved. openlog, setlogmask and closelog are not implemented, so the identity, options and mask they set are not applied
daemon (libc) throws: forking into the background is not supported. PPSA85300 imports it and fails to load without it. VLC 3.0 calls it only when its daemon option is set (libvlc.c), and the title starts libVLC with --ignore-config and without --daemon (player.cc)
sigaction (libkernel) records the handler, flags and mask of every signal from 1 to 128 and reports them back, following FreeBSD's sigaction (EINVAL for other signals, and for a handler on SIGKILL or SIGSTOP); signal records its handler with SA_RESTART, as FreeBSD's libc does. Only handlers without SA_SIGINFO on the signals signal already delivers (SIGINT, SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV, SIGTERM) run, the same way signal handlers do; their mask and flags are not applied. SA_SIGINFO handlers are recorded but never called, since that needs FreeBSD's siginfo_t and ucontext_t, and neither are the handlers of other signals (SIGBUS, SIGHUP, ...), whether they are set by sigaction or by signal, which records them too (every number from 1 to 128, with SA_RESTART and an empty mask replacing what sigaction stored; SIGKILL and SIGSTOP accept only the default handler in both calls, as in FreeBSD's kern_sigaction). raise of an SA_SIGINFO handler on a signal signal delivers throws instead of terminating, and raise and kill of the other signals still fail with EINVAL, recorded handler or not
kill (libkernel) follows FreeBSD's kern_kill and killpg1 for the only guest process: EINVAL for signals outside 0 to 128, signal 0 only checks that the target exists, and its own pid, 0 and minus its own pid (the guest is taken to lead its own process group) signal it through raise, so they share raise's limits above. Any other pid, and -1, which skips the caller, report ESRCH, so EPERM is never reported
sceKernelFcntl (libkernel) handles socket descriptors through the POSIX fcntl export (F_GETFL, F_SETFL with O_NONBLOCK) and returns its guest errno as SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_*, the form the other sceKernel file exports use; the command semantics follow FreeBSD's fcntl, and a closed descriptor returns SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EBADF. File descriptors throw: their open flags are not tracked, and F_DUPFD, F_GETFD and F_SETFD are unsupported on all descriptors. The return values and error codes are unverified on a console
pthread_kill (libkernel) returns the error number like FreeBSD's pthread_kill: EINVAL for signals outside 0 to 128 and ESRCH for a null thread. Signal 0 reports any other thread handle as existing, without checking that the thread is still alive. A signal to the calling thread goes through raise, so it shares raise's limits; a signal to another thread throws, since guest signals are not delivered to a chosen thread
select (libkernel) validates tv_usec but saturates a valid timeout beyond the remaining steady_clock range at time_point::max(), so the wait can continue effectively indefinitely. The console's behavior for a valid timeout outside the host clock's range is unknown.
AJM, APR and NGS2 state is allocated with new and never freed on purpose: title threads still call into these libraries while std::exit runs static destructors, so ordinary statics would be destroyed under them. Keep them leaked; guest_ajm_teardown covers the AJM case on Unix.
Comparison-sampled R32 float and R16 unorm textures (libSceAgcDriver) whose surface a storage image holds are sampled from a D32_SFLOAT or D16_UNORM image that the GPU refills from the storage image whenever its version moves, because Vulkan compares only depth formats. Only surfaces of at least 1 MiB (APS5_DEPTH_COPY_MIN_KIB) that are not 3D take the copy; smaller ones stay CPU snapshots compared against guest memory. With copies of small surfaces, one title hit an intermittent boot-time crash that was not explained.
Null vertex buffer V# (libSceAgcDriver) - a V# whose four dwords are all zero is bound to a zeroed vertex buffer of the attribute's size with stride 0, so every component of its attribute reads 0. This follows the V# fields in the AMD RDNA2 ISA (NUM_RECORDS 0, DST_SEL 0 selects 0), not measured on hardware.
Descriptor pool recycling avoids individually freed sets: RADV 26.2.2 initializes its free-set heap with 32 bytes beyond the backing allocation. An allocation-only RX 6600 test reproduces acceptance of a 4,128-byte set in a 4,096-byte pool; the path without individual frees rejects it. Pools reset after their last set is released. A cached set can retain unused slots in an exhausted pool until eviction; peak gameplay pool memory remains unmeasured.
_fstatfs (libkernel) fills the FreeBSD 11 struct statfs of the PS5 payload SDK with the host volume that holds the file: block size, transfer size, total, free and available blocks, maximum name length and the read-only, nosuid and noexec flags (on Windows only read-only, and f_files and f_ffree are 0, as NTFS has no fixed number of files). The filesystem type number and name, mount paths, owner, filesystem id and I/O counters are left 0 or empty, since they would describe a host mount, not a console one. Sockets and pipes return EINVAL, as FreeBSD's getvnode does; a Windows descriptor that is neither a file nor a pipe throws. Stremio Plus (PPSA74126) reads the free space before a download and only logs the other fields
_WStoul, _Iswctype and swscanf_s (libc) - _WStoul is wcstoul and throws for a base other than 0 or 2 to 36. _Iswctype takes the class numbers of Dinkumware's xwcc.h (1 alnum to 11 xdigit, 12 blank) and throws for any other value, including the FreeBSD masks wctype returns; the numbering is not confirmed on the console's libc.prx. swscanf_s follows C11 7.29.2.2 and K.3.9.1.5, but reads the size argument as unsigned int like sscanf_s where K.3.9.1.5 specifies rsize_t; the console's width is unverified. A runtime-constraint violation (null buffer, format or receiving pointer) only returns EOF, and a too small array gets a null first element as in sscanf_s. A literal mismatch is a matching failure and a field that is only a prefix, such as 0x or 1e, does not convert, as C11 requires; FreeBSD's vfwscanf reports an input failure for the first and converts the second. Integers out of range are truncated from strtoll/strtoull. It throws for %p, %S, %C, unknown length modifiers, scanset ranges, %n with suppression or width, and narrow %s, %c or %[ input that the C-locale wcrtomb cannot convert
sceSharePlayGetCurrentConnectionInfoA (libSceSharePlay) - reports no Share Play session, as the library keeps none: status 0 (DORMANT), mode 0, empty online IDs, account IDs 0 and both user IDs -1 (SCE_USER_SERVICE_USER_ID_INVALID). A null pointer returns SCE_SHARE_PLAY_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS (0x810E0001). The 72-byte SceSharePlayConnectionInfoA layout and the error code follow KytyPS5 and fpPS4, which agree on both; KytyPS5 sets the user IDs to -1 and fpPS4 leaves them 0, and which one the console returns is not verified. KytyPS5 also returns SCE_SHARE_PLAY_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED before sceSharePlayInitialize; this library keeps no initialization state and does not.

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